声学形变势表面极化子的性质研究进展

综述了近年来对声学形变势表面极化子的性质方面的部分工作。在第一节中从表面电子—表面光学(SO)声子和电子—表面声学(SA)声子系的哈密顿量出发，用线性组合算符和么正变换法研究与S0和SA声子弱耦合的声学形变势表面极化子的有效哈密顿量、有效相互作用势和有效质量的性质。在第二节中研究了与S0声子耦合强与SA声子耦合弱的声学形变势表面极化子的振动频率，诱生势和有效质量的性质。在第三节中研究了与S0声子强耦合与SA声子弱耦合的声学形变势表面极化子的有效哈密顿量、振动频率和有效质量的温度效应。在第四节中计算了与SO声子耦合强与SA声子耦合弱的声学形变势表面极化子的声子平均数随坐标Z、振动频率λ和η的变化规律。在第五节中采用微扰法研究了声子之间相互作用对与SO声子强耦合与SA声子弱耦合的声学形变势表面极化子的有效哈密顿量、诱生势和有效质量的影响。     

有限温度下极性晶体中表面磁极化的有效质量

在磁场中有不少的极性晶体，电子和体纵光学声子的耦合弱，而与表面光学声子的耦合强。本文讨论电子和体纵光学声子耦合弱，与表面光学声子耦合强时温度对表面磁极化子的特性的影响，用改进的线性组合算符法研究表面磁极化子的振动频率和有效质量的温度依赖性。对AgCl晶体进行了数值计算，结果表明，极化子的振动频率和有效质量随温度的升高而减小。     

表面极化子中的声子平均数

采用线性组合算符方法,计算了电子与表面声学声子弱耦合、与表面光学声子强耦合的极化子中的声子平均数.通过数值计算,得出了声子平均数随坐标z、振动频率λ和η的变化规律.     

在极性晶体中表面或交界面极化子的性质

不少极性晶体,电子与表面声学声子、体纵光学声子耦合弱,但与表面光学声子耦合强。本文同时考虑体纵光学声子、表面光学声子以表面声学声子的影响,研究这类极性晶体中的表面或交界面极化子的性质。采用线性组合算符和一种简单的么正变换,导出其有效哈密顿量和基态能量。     

半无限晶体中与声子普适耦合的表面电子

电子在半无限晶体内表面附近运动时,不仅受到表面光学声子和体纵光学声子的影响,而且还受表面声学声子的影响。本文同时考虑体纵光学声子、表面光学声子以及表面声学声子的影响,研究半无限晶体中与声子普适耦合的表面电子的性质。采用线性组合算符和拉格朗日乘子法,分别导出了在强、弱耦合情形下表面电子的有效哈密顿量,得到了强、弱耦合表面电子的重正化质量。     

极性晶体中表面磁极化子研究进展(Ⅱ)

本文综述了我们近年来在极性晶体表面磁极化子性质方面的部分工作。第二节从磁场中表面极化子一声子系的哈密顿量出发,用线性组合算符方法研究强耦合表面磁极化子的温度效应。第三节中用线性组合算符法讨论了与表面光学声子耦合强,与体纵光学声子耦合弱的表面磁极化子的温度特性,研究了表面磁极化子的振动频率和诱生势的温度依赖性。第四节用线性组合算符和拉格朗日乘子法研究了二维非极性晶体通过形变势与声学声子强、弱耦合的表面磁极化子的性质。     

磁场中强耦合表面极化子有效质量的温度关系

本文研究磁场中强耦合表面极化子的性质，采用改进的线性组合算符法导出了有限温度下强耦合表面磁场化子的有效质量。文中对ＡｇＢｒ晶体进行了数值计算。结果表明，强耦合表面磁极化子的有效质量随温度的升高而减少．而极化子的平均数随温度的升高而增加。     

极性晶体中声学形势表面极化子的温度依赖性

有些极性晶体，电子与表面光学声子（ＳＯ）耦合强，与表面声学声子（ＳＡ）耦合弱，本文采用线性组合算符方法，导出了极性晶体中声学形变势表面极化子的振动频率和有效哈密顿量，并对两种极限情况进行了讨论。     

极性半导体中表面磁极化子有效质量的性质

本文研究极性半导体中电子与表面光学声子和表面声学声子均为弱耦合时表面磁极化子的性质 ,讨论反冲效应中不同波矢声子之间相互作用对表面磁极化子有效质量的影响。     

电子-声子相互作用对压电表面态的影响

采用LLP中间耦合方法，研究了电子—声子相互作用对压电表面的影响．结果表明，当电子接近晶体表面处时，表面声学声子之间的相互作用对表面态的影响很大．尤其是电子—压电声子耦合较强的化合物，压电声子对电子在表面的束缚比光学声子的束缚强很多．因此，研究压电材料的电子表面态时，应主要考虑压电声学声子．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the