解码蜜蜂的舞蹈语言

蜜蜂的舞蹈语言被称为非灵长类动物中最为复杂的行为，它是一种抽象的代码。本文回顾了自1915年弗里施研究蜜蜂舞蹈行为以来，行为生物学家对这一问题长达近一个世纪的纠缠。     

你认识蜜蜂吗？

蜜蜂为无脊椎动物,属于昆虫纲、膜翅目、蜜蜂科,是一种十分古老的昆虫。当裸子植物逐渐为被子植物所取代、花开果熟成为普遍现象时,蜜蜂就开始登上舞台了。从出土化石来看,蜜蜂在地球上已经生活了2000多万年。我国养蜂酿蜜的历史十分悠久,有关蜜蜂的饲养记录可以追溯到4000多年前,当时饲养的主要是中蜂(全称为中华蜜蜂),现在饲养的蜂种除了中蜂之外,还有意蜂(意大利蜂)。中蜂和意蜂是我国的主要家蜂,在生活中人们很少将它们仔细地区别开来,一般都统称为蜜蜂。蜜蜂是一种社会性昆虫,一般由一个蜂王、少数雄蜂和千万个工蜂组成蜂群,它们分工合作,共同维持群体生存。蜂群     

中华蜜蜂

中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana F. ）是生存在我国境内的蜜蜂，通常称为中蜂、土蜂、山蜂。它是属于东方蜜蜂种的主要亚种，分布在全国各地。     

蜜蜂眼中的花朵

如果人类眼睛看到的花儿只有一种颜色，比如说黄色．那么在昆虫的眼中，这些花儿又会是什么颜色呢?这次我们就借助蜜蜂的眼睛，带你进入一个别样的颜色世界。     

鼓励学生质疑释疑

有这么个故事：一个叫聂利的小女孩到养蜂场玩，发现许多蜜蜂聚集在蜂箱上，翅膀没有动，却嗡嗡叫个不停。她不由得产生了怀疑：为什么书上说蜜蜂的嗡嗡声来自翅膀的震动，而现在蜜蜂翅膀已不震动却也嗡嗡叫个不停？于是她请教了老师，老师没有直接回答她的疑问，而是鼓励小女孩自己去探索。小女孩把蜜蜂的双翅用胶水粘在木板上、     

蜜蜂的记忆及其形成机制的研究进展

蜜蜂作为一种模式生物,在记忆及其形成机制等领域具有重要的研究价值.简要叙述蜜蜂记忆的4个阶段、蜜蜂记忆的形成机制、参与蜜蜂记忆形成的大脑主要部位及其功能等,就蜜蜂记忆能力的差别和咖啡因对蜜蜂记忆的影响进行阐释,并提出今后进一步研究的方向.     

爱尔兰：一男子让20万只蜜蜂爬满全身

爱尔兰养蜂人麦克比为破世界纪录，竟试图让超过35万只蜜蜂爬满他的身上。然而他身上最终只爬满了20万只蜜蜂，使他的身体看上去像是一只大企鹅，不过幸运的是，麦克比身上只被蜜蜂蜇了7下。     

高通量测序在蜜蜂基因组中的应用及研究进展

【目的】回顾近些年来在蜜蜂基因组研究领域取得的进展，为后续进一步研究提供参考。【方法】检索蜜蜂高通量测序相关文献并归纳总结，获得高通量测序在蜜蜂基因组中的应用和研究进展。【结果】高通量测序主要应用于蜜蜂线粒体基因组、核基因组和转录组3个方面。目前，蜜蜂属（Apis）下所有9个种的线粒体基因组以及6个种的全基因组已被获得。基于转录组测序分析，一些与蜜蜂重要性状相关的候选基因被靶定。【结论】高通量测序技术的快速发展，使得该技术在蜜蜂基因组学的研究应用范围不断扩大、应用深度不断加深。这为研究蜜蜂分类、系统演化、群体遗传、亲缘关系、群体历史等提供了重要的数据支撑，也为进一步筛选和利用关键基因提供了理论支持。     

微孢子虫感染下意大利蜜蜂谷胱甘肽降解酶基因

【目的】通过生物信息学鉴定意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)谷胱甘肽特异性γ-谷氨酰环转移酶2(AmCHAC2)，并通过定量PCR分析该蛋白的编码基因〖STBX〗AmCHAC2〖STBZ〗在意大利蜜蜂组织中的时空表达特征，探讨该基因在蜜蜂抵抗微孢子虫感染中的作用。【方法】采用多重序列比对分析AmCHAC2的氨基酸序列特征和结构域组成；在线预测该蛋白的结构、互作蛋白网络、细胞定位特征和功能；构建系统进化树分析该蛋白的的系统分类和进化关系；实时定量PCR分析〖STBX〗AmCHAC2〖STBZ〗在供试蜜蜂组织中的时空表达特征；采用试剂盒检测分析供试蜜蜂组织谷胱甘肽含量的表达特征；采用ELISA法检测分析供试蜜蜂中肠活性氧含量。【结果】AmCHAC2由245个氨基酸残基组成，相对分子质量为28.3 kDa，pI为6.71。AmCHAC2为疏水蛋白，不具备信号肽，定位于细胞质。供试蜜蜂在感染东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Noseama ceranae)14 d后大量死亡，存活率仅为23%；与对照组相比，感染微孢子虫的供试蜜蜂胸部和中肠组织中〖STBX〗AmCHAC2〖STBZ〗表达明显上调，GSH含量明显下降，且中肠内活性氧含量明显上升而触发氧化应激。【结论】〖STBX〗AmCHAC2〖STBZ〗在受到东方蜜蜂微孢子虫感染后表达上调，这可能在意大利蜜蜂抵抗微孢子虫感染过程中扮演着重要角色。     

我是一只还是一头小猪

正这个问题困惑我很久,我是一只还是一头小猪?我有翅膀,会飞。碰上系斑马条纹肚兜的蜜蜂,它说它是一只蜜蜂。碰上斗篷上有七颗星星的瓢虫,它说它是一只瓢虫。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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