裸眼系列完井方式下水平井产能预测研究

针对实际裸眼完井、割缝衬管完井、绕丝筛管完井、裸眼井下砾石充填完井、裸眼预充填砾石筛管完井、裸眼封隔器贯眼尾管及带ECP的裸眼封隔器贯眼尾管完井等七种裸眼系列的水平井完井方式,考虑地层损害和完井方式及完井参数的影响,进行了产能预测数学模型的研究。实例计算表明,其数学模型及计算方法均是正确的,对指导水平井完井方式的选择与完井参数优化设计具有重要的意义。     

塔河超深裸眼分层注水管柱变形计算与对策

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的分层注水存在注水层位深、地层温度高、下部为裸眼完井的特殊性,前期试
注井裸眼封隔器K341 失效导致试注失败。为了分析失效原因,建立了超深分层注水管柱的力学模型,分别计算了试
注管柱在不同工况（入井、坐封、注水、关井、洗井等）在各种力学效应综合作用下封隔器K341 相对于带水力锚的套
管封隔器Y241 的蠕变量。计算表明,当封隔器K341 基本坐封后,在封隔器Y241 坐封过程中封隔器K341 将产生
0.3∼0.6 m 的蠕变量,直接导致了封隔器K341 的破坏。针对该问题,制定了超深裸眼分层注水管柱防蠕动技术对策,
优化了相应的注水管柱结构：安装伸缩节、优化封隔器K341 结构使其与封隔器Y241 启封压力一致、封隔器K341 两
端安装扶正器以在入井过程中保护胶筒。     

塔河油田超深裸眼碳酸盐岩储层水力加砂压裂技术研究及应用

塔河油田碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞储集体距离井眼超过120m以上、井层埋深超过6000m以上的超深井储层。针对目前的酸压工艺不能实现有效沟通这类远井缝洞发育带的问题,提出了超深裸眼碳酸盐岩储层水力加砂压裂技术,具体就是综合选井选层、地应力及岩石力学参数模型、压裂液体系筛选、工艺设计研究、裂缝监测与评价等技术的研究及应用,既能形成较长的有效裂缝长度,又能确保裂缝高导流能力,从而达到进一步提高沟通更远处的有效储层的机率,提高储层改造效果目的。     

樊154-平1小井眼裸眼水平井多级封隔钻井技术

樊154-平1井属于樊154区块油藏评价井,是胜利油区第一口小井眼大位移水平井,为了使施工顺利进行,针对一些技术难点采用了多种措施：选用高性能铝胺基聚合物钻井液体系,使用聚醚多元醇、石墨粉、原油多种润滑剂,短程起下钻结合高转速耦合带技术等。本井采用贝克休斯Frac-Point多段压裂完井系统,采用特殊设计的短半径裸眼封隔器和压裂滑套,为了确保了裸眼封隔器的顺利下入,使用不同尺寸西瓜皮磨鞋通井,反复修复井壁,圆滑井眼轨迹。     

深层脆性页岩水平井裸眼完井井壁稳定性研究

常规页岩气储层改造工艺为套管射孔与多级压裂改造相结合,施工成本高、周期长,若实施水平井段裸眼完井可一定程度降低成本、缩短周期,但水平裸眼井段井壁稳定是实施裸眼完井的前提条件。通过对威荣地区龙马溪组页岩水理化及力学性能进行实验研究,结合建立的裸眼完井理论模型评价威荣地区页岩水平段裸眼完井井壁稳定性。结果表明,龙马溪组页岩为脆性层理页岩,岩体较为致密,力学强度高,力学各向异性明显;现场油基、水基钻井液对岩石膨胀性能及力学性能的改变不明显,现场所用钻井液与该地层配伍程度高;井眼轨迹、层理缝走向、力学各向异性等可对裸眼井段稳定性产生影响,致使不同方向井筒内应力差异明显,沿最小水平主应力方向钻水平井井壁稳定性最好,完井工况下井壁坍塌压力当量密度在1.26 g/cm³,完井投产初期井壁存在轻微崩落掉块,但崩落范围小于30 °,判断认为威荣区块龙马溪组页岩地层可考虑采用水平井裸眼完井方式。     

Y441型封隔器的研制及在气井完井射孔联作中的应用探讨

针对气井先射孔后压井完井的工艺存在易伤害气层的问题。在大庆敖南油田的一口水井改气井中,利用了Y441型封隔器完井管柱串和射孔管柱串同时入井,射孔后不动管柱直接完井的联作工艺。该井应用的Y441型封隔器通过计算机辅助工程方法进行了强度校核,现场证明满足了施工要求。该联作工艺的实施有效解决了上述问题,具有显著的经济和社会效益。     

5000 m井架式修井机在金县1-1油田的应用

为了适应海上油田后期灵活、适时调整开发,在钻修井机具选型方面,渤海金县1-1油田修井机创造性地配备了315t提升系统（具备5000 m钻完井作业能力）,循环系统和其它配套设备仍按照180t常规修井机配置。5000 m井架式修井机在多功能生活支持平台的配合下,可实现油田后期钻完井作业。该设计能在兼顾油田修井、调整井作业的同时,有效降低油气田开发初期钻完井作业投资,提高油气田开发效益。     

遇水膨胀封隔器分段酸压技术及应用

中国西北某油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏以裂缝溶洞为主要储集空间,具有超深、高压和高温的特点,水平井笼统酸压存在效果差以及分段改造方式和工具选择困难等问题。阐述了遇水膨胀封隔器分段酸压技术原理、技术关键、施工程序和工具性能参数。根据试验井实际钻、录、测井资料和分段酸压级数优化结果,结合储层裂缝、溶蚀孔洞特点,并考虑完井工具对井径、井眼轨迹的要求,以有利储层段有效改造为原则,确定分段酸压完井方案,优化了封隔器下入和膨胀座封时间,开展了分段酸压优化设计以及现场试验。试验表明：分段酸压完井方案及酸压优化设计方法是正确的,但投球滑套等工具质量以及完井酸压过程中的质量控制需进一步提高和完善。     

四川盆地震旦系气藏大斜度井水平井酸压技术

四川盆地震旦系灯四段碳酸盐岩储层溶蚀孔、缝、洞发育,储集空间类型复杂,具有埋藏深、高温、高压、强非均质性、高含H_2S、CO_2等酸性气体的特点,对现有储层改造工艺技术提出了挑战。大斜度井/水平井储层改造的关键是长改造井段酸液布置和酸蚀裂缝深穿透沟通储层天然缝洞系统。根据储层地质及地应力分布特征,优化并形成了大斜度井/水平井机械分层分段改造工艺,纵横向上层间或段间物性差异大的裸眼完成井,采用封隔器实现分段改造;层内或段内物性差异大的射孔完成井,采用可降解暂堵材料实现分层改造。天然缝洞发育的裂缝-孔洞型储层采用缓速酸酸压技术疏通天然缝洞系统,对于裂缝-孔隙型及孔隙型储层,采用前置液酸压技术形成深穿透酸蚀裂缝沟通孤立的天然缝洞系统,形成的两种大斜度井水平井酸压技术现场试验取得了一定程度的储层改造效果;探索了滑溜水+自生酸+胶凝酸的复杂缝网酸压工艺,一定程度上提升了储层改造效果。     

胜利海上长裸眼固井技术

文章介绍了胜利海上长裸眼形成原因及攻关历程,分析了针对长裸眼井的固井技术。通过对影响长裸眼井固井质量不利因素的分析,采取了双级固井、环空回压扣双凝水泥浆体系、优质高效前置液和套管外封隔器、单级双封固井等工艺技术,解决了长裸眼井固井质量难以保证的难题。该技术在埕北和桩海区块6口井中的成功应用,在冀东海上8口井成功应用了单级双封固井工艺,为同类井的固井施工提供了一套较好的解决办法。     

完井方式对酸蚀蚓孔扩展的影响

在碳酸盐岩油藏酸化中,裸眼完井和射孔完井对酸蚀溶解形态特征的影响不同。酸液在裸眼完井的井筒中与
岩石接触面积远大于射孔完井,酸液受地层非均质性的影响选择性地进入地层,这与射孔完井时酸液针对性地进入地
层不同,有必要对不同完井方式的酸蚀溶解形态进行研究。通过一种达西–孔隙双重尺度模型,创新性地利用正态分
布函数生成模拟区域初始孔隙度值,研究了射孔完井对酸蚀溶解形态的影响,并分析了孔眼沿程滤失的影响。结果表
明：由于射孔在孔眼区产生局部高导流能力的通道,酸液通过孔眼进入地层,溶解形态与裸眼完井不同,且射孔越短蚓
孔分支越多,射孔越长蚓孔分支越少;同一注入速度下,孔眼沿程无滤失的突破体积最小,裸眼完井的突破体积最大;
完井方式和滤失对蚓孔形成的最优注入速度没有影响;当注入速度较小时,由于反应前缘与残酸前缘距离很小,在酸
液临近突破时压力骤然下降,当注入速度较大时,由于反应前缘较宽,压降比较平缓。     

A regional tectonic event of Katian (Late Ordovician) age across three major blocks of China

The present paper deals with a tectonic event of Late Ordovician age affecting three blocks of China,i.e.South China,North China and Tarim.In the North China and the Tarim platforms,as well as their marginal belts,there was a regional uplift during the early Katian Stage of the Ordovician.The uplift was indicated by the unconformities between the Ordovician successions and overlying late Paleozoic strata.New biostratigraphic studies of conodonts and graptolites from many sections at Longxian and Yaoxian,North China shows that the youngest Ordovician strata are of the early Katian age corresponding to graptolite Diplacanthograptus spiniferus Biozone.The same level has been recognized to represent the uppermost Ordovician in the platform area of Tarim,whereas in the marginal belt the top boundary of the Ordovician is slightly younger,corresponding to the graptolite Dicellograptus complanatus Biozone.Thus,the regional uplift in North China and Tarim is shown by the disconformity between the early Katian strata and Late Paleozoic strata,the onset coinciding with that of the Kwangsian Orogeny in South China.The designation Kwangsian Orogeny later fell into disuse and was replaced by the term Caledonian Orogeny.However,in terms of geographic location,tectonic nature,and the timing of activity,the Caledonian Orogeny differs significantly from the orogenic event in South China,and the continued use of this term in South China is inappropriate and misleading.     

塔里木盆地周缘洋盆开合在盆地内部的构造沉积响应

依据塔里木盆地周缘蛇绿岩年龄及盆内钻井岩性、古生物、地球物理等资料,以古天山洋和古昆仑洋的开合演化为线索,将盆地构造沉积响应划分为五个期次。南华纪-震旦纪早世Rodinia泛大陆开始裂解,塔里木陆块北部发育南天山海槽、南部发育库地小洋盆,同期塔里木盆地只有中北部地区沉积碎屑物,塘古孜巴斯至古城墟地区为古隆起无沉积;震旦纪晚世-奥陶纪中世南天山洋和北昆仑洋(原库地小洋盆)进入成年期,塔里木陆块西部高地发育快速生长的碳酸盐岩台地,东部低地(满加尔)发育饥饿盆地,塔里木陆块形成了西台东盆的沉积格局;奥陶纪晚世-泥盆纪北昆仑洋和南天山洋分别向中昆仑和中天山微陆块俯冲(最终与塔里木陆块拼贴),塔里木陆块边缘逐渐出现不同规模的陆源剥蚀区,陆块内碳酸盐台地逐渐消亡;石炭纪-二叠纪中世北天山洋和南昆仑洋-阿尼玛卿洋关闭造山,塔里木陆块内部实际处于广义的弧后扩张状态,期间接受了海陆交互相碎屑岩沉积及海相碳酸盐岩沉积;二叠纪晚世至今金沙江洋、澜沧江洋、班公-怒江洋和雅鲁藏布江洋等先后关闭,受此影响天山、昆仑造山带强烈抬升,塔里木盆地发育库车和塔西南2个前陆盆地。     

The Early Paleozoic paleogeography of the North China block and the other major blocks of China

With the summarization of the Early Paleozoic paleomagnetic data recently obtained from the three major blocks of China, the Early Paleozoic (i.e. Cambrian and Ordovician) paleogeographic positions of the North China, South China and Tarim blocks were discussed in detail. The North China, South China and Tarim blocks were inferred to be located adjacent to East Gondwana in low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during the Early Cambrian. During the Early-Middle Ordovician, the South China and Tarim blocks were also located in low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere with some affinities of the Gondwanaland, whereas the North China block may have episodically separated from the Gondwanaland, and might be sited close to the North America and Siberia. The reestablished paleogeographic configurations are in agreement with the studies on the biogeography, paleoclimate and sedimental facies of the North China and South China blocks.     

中天山早古生代离散地体构造的讨论

中天山造山带的基底性质长期以来是天山大地构造研究中最有争议的问题之一。本文在比较研究中天山及塔里木北缘中晚元古代至古生代地层的基础上,认为中天山不存在连续的“前寒武系隆起带(或结晶轴)”,它是由寒武纪后从塔里木大陆北缘离散出来的若干地体组成。由于早古生代时期中天山地体的离散,形成了具洋壳性质的南天山边缘海盆地。库米什北夹于蛇绿混杂岩带中间的片麻状——眼球状花岗岩块体,是一个残留于边缘海盆地中的陆壳碎块(地体)。     

Analysis of the matrilineal genetic structure of population in the early Iron Age from Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China

Ancient mtDNA data of human remains were analyzed from four early Iron Age Tarim Basin sites （Yuansha, Zaghunluq, Sampula and Niya） in the southern Silk Road region. Haplogroup distributions show that ancient Tarim Basin population was comprised of well-differentiated Western and Eastern matrilineal lineages. Some West lineage of Tarim Basin population originated from Near East and Iran region. Of the East lineages, North and Northeast Asia originated lineages were the main components, and a few Southeast Asian lineages also existed, which indicated a more extensive origin and a more complex admixture. The genetic structure of ancient Tarim Basin population is relatively close to the modern populations of Xinjiang, which implied that the early Iron Age is an important period during the formation of the modern Xinjiang population.     

兴蒙-北疆及邻区中奥陶世古生物地理──兼论三叶虫分布

根据对170属三叶虫、210属腕足类及87属头足类的综合分析结果,本研究区可分为中亚-东亚区和北亚区(二者分别属于古太平洋大区和古大西洋大区)。中亚-东亚区包括哈萨克斯坦、塔里木及华北3个分区,其中哈萨克斯坦分区包括哈萨克斯坦、中亚南天山及新疆准噶尔,以三叶虫 Opsimasaphus 和 Heptabronteus 以及腕足类 Ishimia, Shlyginia和 Eoanastrophia 为代表;塔里木分区以三叶虫 Taklamakania 属为代表,另有丰富的 Lituitidae 和 Oncoceratidae 科头足类;华北分区包括华北地台区,鄂尔多斯及祁连等地区,以头足类比较丰富及其地方性为特色。北亚区分为西伯利亚、阿尔泰-萨彦和兴蒙3个分区,其中西伯利亚分区以三叶虫 Monorakos、腕足类 Evenkina, Evenkinorthis和 Lenatoechia 以及头足类 Intejacerida 目为代表;阿尔泰-萨彦分区以三叶虫 Malinaspis 和腕足类 Ujukites 为代表;兴蒙分区包括我国东北及蒙古东部,除局部性的地方分子外,特征分子不明显。值得指出的是,哈萨克斯坦分区含有许多广泛分布于北美、华南、塔里木和华北鄂尔多斯地区的种属,意味着它当时处于两大区的过渡地位。     

压缩式封隔器胶筒失效因素分析及措施

压缩式封隔器胶筒是封隔器的关键部件,对封隔器的工作效果起决定性作用。压缩式封隔器胶筒密封失效对生产正常运行的经济性、安全性危害极大。经压缩式封隔器胶筒模拟试验和现场试验,分析出压缩式封隔器胶筒失效的因素,通过优化压缩式封隔器胶筒的结构和提高施工工艺水平,可以有效的改善压缩式封隔器胶筒的密封性能。     

Provincialism of the late Middle through middle Late Cambrian paraconodonts and protoconodonts

Quantitative paleoprovincialism is studied, using a coefficient of similarity (CS) formula. The results indicate that the provincialism of the late Middle through middle Late Cambrian paraconodonts and protoconodonts did exist. The provincialism of Ordovician conodonts can be traced back to late Middle Cambrian. The North China Province and South China Province can be recognized in late Middle Cambrian, whereas the North China Province, South China Province and Balitca Province can be recognized respectively in early Late Cambrian and middle Late Cambrian. The possibility that the larger units of provincialism, i.e. Faunal Regions existed in the areas mentioned above is discussed. It is inferred that the Midcontinent Faunal Region and the Atlantic Faunal Region had existed in early Late Cambrian and middle Late Cambrian. The North China Province was the secondary unit of provincialism in the Midcontinent Faunal Region, while the Baltica Province was that in the Atlantic Faunal Region. The South China Province is the secondary unit of provincialism between the two largest units of provincialism. Moreover, the comparison with the trilobite provincialism which has been accumulated on a solid basis of research is made, and the paleogeographic positions of North China Massif, South China Massif and Tarim Massif are revised.