邻羟基化合物被高碘酸或四乙酸铅氧化产物的推断

分析了高碘酸和四乙酸铅对邻二醇氧化反应的机理;根据已有的反应结果,总结出用高碘酸和四乙酸铅对邻羟基化合物,特别是对于α-羟基醛、α-羟基酮、α-羟基酸、β-羟基胺等多种邻位含羟基结构的化合物进行氧化时所得产物的书写规律,并将这一规律应用于有关反应.     

两个涉及到碳碳键断裂的氧化反应

有机化学中,涉及到碳碳键断裂的氧化反应有不少,碳碳不饱和键的臭氧化和邻二醇等化合物的高碘酸断裂氧化仅是其中的二类反应。历届学生在学习这两类反应时,常常提出不少问题,一时不易解决。本文拟就这个问题作一探讨。     

聚乙二醇负载苯硒基乙酸酯试剂参与5-取代-α,β-丁烯酸内酯的液相合成研究

在4-二甲胺基吡啶和N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺存在下,苯硒基乙酸与二羟基聚乙二醇(相对分子质量为4 000)发生酯化反应,制得聚乙二醇负载的苯硒基乙酸酯(功能基含量为 0.455 mmol Se·g^-1)试剂.该试剂与N,N-二异丙胺基锂作用后,与环氧化合物发生开环反应,不经分离,直接加入质量分数为30%的双氧水进行氧化脱硒,形成中间体聚乙二醇负载γ-羟基-α,β-不饱和羧酸酯,继而用对甲苯磺酸催化环化反应,得到5-取代-α,β-丁烯酸内酯,产率优良(80%～86%).     

胆甾-5-烯-3β-羟基-7-酮的氧化研究

甾醇3位羟基的氧化有多种方法,但由于邻近基团的影响,使得甾醇3位羟基的氧化结果差异很大,该文通过对胆甾-5-烯-3β-羟基-7-酮(4)的氧化研究,探索了影响其3位羟基氧化的原因,采用邻碘酰苯甲酸(IBX)作为氧化剂氧化化合物4时,得到了一种不稳定的氧化产物5,它易于互变异构为化合物6.     

GC-MS分析确认乙酸诺卜酯氧化反应产物的结构

三氧化铬酸性水溶液氧化乙酸诺卜酯反应中的主要产物是4-(1-甲基-1-羟基乙基)-1-环己烯-1-乙醇乙酸酯和4-(1-甲基-1-羟基乙基)-1-环己烯-1-乙醇,通过GC-MS分析确定了反应产物中其他几个GC含量相对较高的组分,主要是3组异构体:2,3-环氧乙酸诺卜酯、1-羟基-2,3-环氧乙酸诺卜酯和5-羟基-2,3-环氧乙酸诺卜酯.分析结果表明反应主要是四元环开裂,并进一步水合,另外伴有少量双键环氧化的产物,这些环氧化的产物还可进一步在C1和C5处发生叔氢氧化.     

8-O-4'新木脂素(-)Machilin D和Virolin的不对称全合成

报道了一条合成苏式结构的手性化合物(-)Machilin D和Virolin的新方法,在超声波的促进下选择性的氧化手性邻二羟基中的苄位的羟基,并以SN2反应立体选择性的构筑了8-O-4'新木脂素的骨架,最终以8步反应得到了天然产物.     

二芳甲酮化合物合成方法的进展

二芳甲酮是合成药物、染料、农药等精细化学品的重要中间体,本文主要介绍近几年来由二芳基-α-羟基乙酸制备二芳甲酮,二芳基乙腈氧化脱氰制备二芳甲酮及有机硼化合物催化偶联制备二芳甲酮的一些新方法,并对其优缺点进行了评述.     

α-酰氧基膦酸酯的合成研究

以乙醛酸和亚磷酸二乙酯为原料,合成α-羟基膦酸酯化合物,进一步羟基保护,羧基保护,合成了丹参素衍生物的中间体2-酰氧基-2-(二乙氧基膦酰基)乙酸甲酯,并用IR,1H谱,13C谱对化合物进行了表征.     

1，4-二（2-异烟酰氨基-乙氨基）-5，8-二羟基蒽醌的合成与结构表征

以1,4,5,8-四羟基蒽醌隐色体和脂肪胺为原料,通过缩合、氧化、酰化反应合成抗癌候选化合物1,4-二(2-异烟酰氨基-乙氨基)-5,8-二羟基蒽醌(Ⅱ).考察了温度、溶剂、物料比等对产品收率的影响,确定较佳的工艺条件.对目标化合物利用IR,1H-NMR进行表征,产品收率60.0.     

氯代邻羟基苄基氨基酸的合成、表征及活性研究

以5-氯水杨醛为原料,分别与10种L-α-氨基酸反应,首先制得氯代水杨醛缩氨基酸类席夫碱(2),进而用硼氢化钠还原,制得10种氯代邻羟基苄基取代氨基酸化合物(3),化合物的结构经IR,1H NMR表征确证.抑菌活性测试表明,氯代邻羟基苄基取代氨基酸类化合物(3)在质量浓度为0.05%时,部分化合物具有抑菌效果.构效分析表明,当氨基酸侧链上连有羧基时,化合物对大肠杆菌的抑菌性较好;当氨基酸侧链上含有芳环或杂环时,化合物对白色念珠菌的抑菌效果较好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.