电弱规范玻色子反常相互作用的有效拉氏量描述

电弱规范玻色子之间的反常相互作用对于进一步检验标准模型和寻找超出标准模型的新物理信号都具有重要意义.首先详细推导了粒子物理标准模型中电弱规范玻色子自相互作用的显示形式,然后在介绍探索新物理的有效拉氏量方法基础上,用有效拉氏量方法给出了电弱规范玻色子间反常相互作用的具体形式.根据洛仑兹结构的不同,这些反常相互作用被分成3类:(1)只含Higgs场协变微商的项;(2)同时含Higgs场协变微商和规范场强张量的项;(3)只含规范场强张量的项.     

Top-pion介子在对撞机上产生过程研究

众所周知,标准模型中存在一个物理的中性Higgs玻色子,许多超出标准模型的新物理也都预言了中性或者带电的标量粒子.这些新的粒子能在现在和将来的高能对撞机上产生与标准模型中不同的信号.一般来说,因为标准模型中没有带电的Higgs玻色子,所以在未来的高能对撞机上发现了带电的Higgs玻色子或者带电的类Higgs玻色子,无疑就是发现新物理存在的信号.     

探索质量起源与2013年诺贝尔物理学奖

 本文首先介绍1964年Peter Higgs及Francois Englert等提出的Higgs机制及其在电弱标准模型的建立中所起的重要作用,说明为什么2012年实验上发现一个Higgs玻色子后,2013年的诺贝尔奖就颁给Englert和Higgs。然后指出,接下来重要的是在实验上进一步探测这个Higgs玻色子对标准模型预言的偏离,和探索可能的新物理。LHC的升级实验和将来的高能对撞机对实现这个目标至关重要。最后展望粒子物理的发展前景。     

大型强子对撞机上CMS实验矢量玻色子散射的物理研究

在标准模型中, Higgs场结合电弱对称自发破缺机制赋予基本粒子质量,同时Higgs玻色子的存在保证了有质量的矢量玻色子散射过程的幺正性不被破坏.矢量玻色子散射过程除了对验证Higgs机制具有重要意义,还可以作为寻找标准模型之外的新物理的探针.本文将在简要回顾标准模型中Higgs理论之后,详细地介绍从基于蒙特卡罗样本对两个同电荷W玻色子散射的早期研究,到利用CMS实验一期和二期取数对矢量玻色子散射过程的寻找和利用该过程对超出标准模型的新物理进行的研究,以及近期CMS实验组实现的LHC上第一次对矢量玻色子散射过程的极化部分的测量.     

双Higgs模型下对B_c~-→τ_τγ衰变过程的研究

B介子纯轻衰变Bc→lv(l=e,μ)过程由于螺旋度压低导致衰变分支比很小,以致于实验上无法观测到.但人们在新物理模型:双Higgs模型下分析纯轻过程发现该过程对新物理很敏感,我们分别在标准模型和双Higgs模型下对Bc介子的辐射衰变Bc-→τ--ντγ进行了研究,发现辐射衰变受新物理影响也比较明显.双Higgs模型是在标准模型的基础上增加一个Higgs二重态,其余部分保持不变,它是标准模型最简单的扩充,模型Ⅰ,Ⅱ[1]和模型Ⅲ的区别就是后者允许树图阶的味改变中性流(FCNC).在模型Ⅱ下只考虑了荷电规范玻色子的耦合,由于MH>MB,MW>MB,那么从中间…     

过程eq→νq''''与新物理理论的探测

许多超出标准模型的新物理理论预言了新的荷电规范玻色子W'的存在.首先计算了小Higgs模型和三点无Higgs模型预言的W'对子过程eq→νq'的贡献,然后讨论了在未来的高能ep对撞机(THERA)实验和e e-对撞机(ILC)实验中通过此过程探测新粒子的可能性,最后我们研究了具有T宇称的小Higgs(LHT)模型预言的新费米子经与此类似过程的产生.数值结果显示:过程eq→νq'对于W'是相当敏感的,我们可以在THERA和ILC实验中利用此过程来区分和检验不同的新物理模型.     

中性top介子在NLC实验中的可能物理迹象

ＴＣ２模型预言的物理ｔｏｐ介子通过反常可以与规范玻色子（γ，Ｚ）发生耦合，因此在高能ｅ＋ｅ－碰撞中可以产生这种粒子．本文估计了中性ｔｏｐ介子πｔ°在ＮＬＣ实验中的产生几率，并讨论了其可能的物理迹象．     

过程eq→vq′与新物理理论的探测

许多超出标准模型的新物理理论预言了新的荷电规范玻色子W′的存在．首先计算了小Higgs模型和三点无Higgs模型预言的W′对子过程eq→vq′的贡献,然后讨论了在未来的高能ep对撞机（THERA）实验和e^＋e^-对撞机（ILC）实验中通过此过程探测新粒子的可能性,最后我们研究了具有T宇称的小Higgs（LHT）模型预言的新费米子经与此类似过程的产生．数值结果显示：过程eq→vq′对于W′是相当敏感的,我们可以在THERA和ILC实验中利用此过程来区分和检验不同的新物理模型．     

遍举衰变B→K^（＊）l^＋l^-与top夸克双Higgs模型

在top夸克双Higgs模型(T2HDM)下,利用形状因子光锥求和的新结果,讨论Higgs玻色子对遍举衰变B→K(*)l+l-的分支比和前后不对称的贡献.在所考虑的参数空间内,通过理论计算发现:(1)包括新物理的贡献后,有效Wilson系数中元素A7,A9和A10的符号仍然保持不变.(2)考虑形状因子的误差后,衰变B→K(*)l+l-的分支比能够对荷电Higgs玻色子的质量给出很强的限制,质量大约是350 GeV的荷电Higgs玻色子是实验所允许的.(3)中性Higgs玻色子的效应有可能在衰变B→Kl+l-(l=μ,τ)的前后不对称中观察到.     

无质量Thirring模型的能谱和临界耦合常数

众所周知,弱电相互作用的统一理论已取得极大的成功,但理论还存在着唯象的一面.首先值得提问的是:理论中导致自发对称性破缺的Higgs场的物理实质究竟是什么?一种看法认为Higgs场乃是背景场的唯象描述,它起因于更基本的相互作用.近年来有不少人致力于这方面的研究,探索了玻色子场与费米子场的内在联系. 由于(1 1)维的场论模型具有简单性和可解性的特点,本文将从(1 1)维的场论模型着手探讨玻色子场和费米子场的内在联系.我们具体地讨论了无质量流-流自耦合型的Thirring模型.§1讨论了(1 1)维旋量场论中的连续对称性与标量场论中的平     

Quadratic Yukawa coupling and matrix Yukawa coupling in the large N expansion

In this article, we study three types of new Yukawa couplings (the boson field is coupled to the fermion field). Two of them are quadratic Yukawa couplings (the boson field is in the form of a vector), and the other one is the matrix Yukawa coupling (the boson field is in the form of a matrix). Based on the above three couplings, we introduce the Higgs mechanism, and find out the properties of the generated mass for the fermions with multiple flavors. For the matrix boson, we introduce its coupling with non-Abelian gauge field. It turns out that the generated mass of the gauge field through the Higgs mechanism is unique. In the large N limit, using the method of auxiliary field, we study the dynamical behaviors of the quadratic Yukawa couplings, including the poles of some dressed propagators.     

Has the Higgs boson been discovered?

The standard model of particle physics describes the strong and electroweak interactions of fermions (spin-1/2), gauge bosons (spin-1) and a final vital ingredient--the spin-0 Higgs boson, which gives masses to the other particles. But the Higgs boson has yet to be discovered, and its own mass is not specified by the theory. There is some evidence (although statistically not very significant) for its detection at a mass of about 115 GeV/c2, from electron-positron interactions at LEP (the Large Electron Positron collider). Indirect methods can also be used to constrain the mass of the Higgs boson, because it affects other observable quantities (for example, the mass of the W boson and some measurable properties of the Z boson). An indirect determination of the Higgs boson mass from the most recent measurements of such quantities yields a value compatible with 115 GeV/c2, but with some important caveats arising from inconsistencies in the present data.     

On extra neutral and charged Higgs bosons at the LHC

The properties of 125 GeV new particle, which was discovered in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), are found to be consistent with those of the Higgs boson in the standard model (SM). Hereafter the new particle is dubbed as SM-like Higgs boson. However there is still spacious room for physics beyond the SM (BSM) due to the limited energy and luminosity of the LHC. With more data, experiments will scrutinize whether the new particle is indeed the SM one or not. At the same time, one believes that discovery of the SM-like Higgs boson is just the start of the new era of particle physics. The predominant topic is whether there are other new Higgs bosons as speculated in various BSM models. In this short review, we will describe the current status of Higgs physics at the LHC and several BSM models which contain more Higgs sectors. In literatures, there are numerous studies on extended Higgs sector and a comprehensive review is beyond the scope of this review. Instead, we will present two latest studies on Higgs physics: (1) how to detect the charged Higgs boson and measure \(\tan \beta \) after including the top polarization information, and (2) how to discover the extra neutral Higgs boson via the pair production of SM-like Higgs boson.     

希格斯粒子与暴涨宇宙

希格斯(Higgs)粒子是迄今为止发现的第一个标量粒子.在粒子物理标准模型中,希格斯粒子起到了非常重要的作用.另一方面,在宇宙暴涨时期,使宇宙加速膨胀的往往是也一个标量场,或者标量粒子,被称为暴涨子.由于能标的不同,希格斯粒子不能直接作为暴涨子,但通过一些间接的手段,暴涨子却有可能是希格斯粒子在高能标时的另一种表现形式.本文作者回顾了希格斯暴涨模型,并且着重讨论了宇宙学常数在暴涨中所起到的作用.     

B_s→μ~+μ~-对LHC寻找Higgs粒子的影响

研究在各种实验限制下CMSSM参数空间,尤其是以双比率R形式探讨Bs→μ+μ-的限制,并讨论了该参数空间的唯象学性质.得出在30fb-1积分亮度下,LHC只能发现一个与标准模型Higgs粒子性质非常相似的粒子(即通常文献所言Lone Higgs Scenario)这一重要结论.     

Detector challenges at the LHC

The best way to study the existence of the Higgs boson, supersymmetry and grand unified theories, and perhaps the physics of dark matter and dark energy, is at the TeV scale. This is the energy scale that will be explored at the Large Hadron Collider. This machine will generate the energy and rate of collisions that might provide evidence of new fundamental physics. It also brings with it the formidable challenge of building detectors that can record a large variety of detailed measurements in the inhospitable environment close to the collisions points of the machine.     

Some recent theoretical progress in Higgs boson and top quark physics at hadron colliders

The test of the Standard Model and search for New Physics signal are main aim of LHC experiment. With the increasing of the measurement accuracy at the LHC, it is a major task in future to exceed the current accuracy of the theoretical predictions for important processes, in particular ones involving Higgs boson and top quark. In this review we briefly summarize some recent theoretical progress in Higgs boson and top quark physics, especially the fixed-order and resummation predictions in QCD at both the Tevatron and the LHC.     

A precision measurement of the mass of the top quark

The standard model of particle physics contains parameters--such as particle masses--whose origins are still unknown and which cannot be predicted, but whose values are constrained through their interactions. In particular, the masses of the top quark (M(t)) and W boson (M(W)) constrain the mass of the long-hypothesized, but thus far not observed, Higgs boson. A precise measurement of M(t) can therefore indicate where to look for the Higgs, and indeed whether the hypothesis of a standard model Higgs is consistent with experimental data. As top quarks are produced in pairs and decay in only about 10(-24) s into various final states, reconstructing their masses from their decay products is very challenging. Here we report a technique that extracts more information from each top-quark event and yields a greatly improved precision (of +/- 5.3 GeV/c2) when compared to previous measurements. When our new result is combined with our published measurement in a complementary decay mode and with the only other measurements available, the new world average for M(t) becomes 178.0 +/- 4.3 GeV/c2. As a result, the most likely Higgs mass increases from the experimentally excluded value of 96 to 117 GeV/c2, which is beyond current experimental sensitivity. The upper limit on the Higgs mass at the 95% confidence level is raised from 219 to 251 GeV/c2.