东北太平洋热带气旋活动特征分析

为使船舶驾驶人员对东北太平洋海域热带风暴或飓风的活动规律有所了解,利用1980～1997年的资料对该海域的热带气旋进行了综合统计分析．给出了热带气旋天气气候特征和移动规律,为该海域航行的船舶提供了有用的资料,以期达到预防和避离飓风的目的．     

1998年～2007年热带气旋对我国沿海商船航线的影响分析

利用CMA提供的1998年～2007西北太平洋(含南中国海海域)热带气旋最佳路径资料,分析了影响我国沿海商船航线的热带气旋的10年时空变化规律.研究表明,与热带气旋的年生成个数变化率相比,热带气旋对我国沿海商船航线的影响频次相对比较稳定,其中进入东海水域的热带气旋对沿海商船航线的影响最为频繁,影响严重的区域为宁德、福州到香港、汕尾一带沿海水域.影响研究区域的热带气旋的个数及其占西北太平洋总生成气旋的百分比均为下降趋势,但是热带气旋影响时间成增长趋势.     

台风季中国热带气旋降水的典型模态及显著影响因子

本文利用客观分离的热带气旋降水的台站资料,运用经验正交分解法分析了台风季中国热带气旋降水的前两个主要典型模态及其与同期西北太平洋热带气旋源地路径的关系,以及与海表面温度和500 hPa环流场的关系.结果表明:热带气旋降水第1模态表现为以华南西南为正中心而华东为负中心的偶极子振荡型,此模态出现于赤道中东太平洋海表面温度一次冷异常过程的鼎盛时期,对应的西北太平洋500 hPa环流异常主要表现为低纬中西太平洋海域的东风异常以及中国区域北高南低的环流异常,在这样的环流异常配置下,热带气旋源地显著偏西,西行路径显著偏多,而北折路径较为偏少.热带气旋降水第2模态表现为以华东及海南南端区域为正中心的中国大部地区的一致同步型,此模态出现于赤道中东太平洋海表面温度一次冷异常逐渐减弱并向暖异常过渡的相位变化时期,对应的西北太平洋500 hPa环流异常各月差异较大,7、9月份的环流异常配置使热带气旋路径偏南更易侵袭我国海南等南端区域,而8月的环流异常配置导致热带气旋源地偏北,中国东南近海热带气旋生成频数显著偏多,且其路径更易北折影响华东地区.     

南海热带气旋影响红河州的诊断分析及预报

对1960～1990年5～10月移进或生成于120°E以西15～23°N海面上的南海热带气旋进行统计分析,得到了它们的季节活动规律及对红河州影响的移动路径.探讨了热带气旋与西太平洋副热带高压,以及其它天气系统配合对红河州的影响过程,并从影响程度的大小进行区域划分,给出了热带气旋进入第一影响区和第二影响区后未来48?h内的降水概率,从而建立起路径预报判别指标与未来24?h的路径预报方程.     

伴随方法在热带气旋路径预测的统计动力预报方案(SD-90)中的应用的研究--Ⅰ:理论基础及数值试验

把变分同化中的伴随方法应用于热带气旋路径预测的统计动力预报方案(SD-90)中,利用前面时刻热带气旋中心位置的观测值,同时确定出初始速度和气压梯度力,然后进行预报.理想试验表明,热带气旋路径无明显转向时,该方案具有较高的预报精度;当热带气旋路径有明显转向时,随着同化时段内的热带气旋路径(作为观测值)趋向于转向处,该方案的预报误差会加大,其主要特征是预报路径的方向有较大偏差;当同化时段内的热带气旋路径(作为观测值)离开转向处时,该方案又趋向于有较高的预报精度.最后结合最优控制思想,对9807号台风进行了同化试验,试验结果表明,效果十分明显.     

1949—2010年西北太平洋热带气旋时空分布特征分析

利用1949—2010西北太平洋热带气旋最佳路径数据集,分析了西北太平洋热带气旋的时空分布特征,结果发现:1)62a来西北太平洋生成的热带气旋和登陆我国的热带气旋年频次呈下降趋势,热带低压下降的趋势尤为明显;2)热带气旋平均生成位置随着月份变化呈现季节移动规律,纬度上有明显北移趋势;3)热带气旋中心气压低值和最大风速高值主要集中在南海盆地和菲律宾海以东洋面区,热带气旋前移速度分布具有显著纬度地带性.     

登陆台风路径与降水分析

首先利用1979—2002年台风年鉴上的热带气旋纪要表进行分析，总结热带气旋的登陆数据，并根据热带气旋路径图归纳出线性、左折、右折三种路径的登陆热带气旋。利用欧洲中心每天4次（6小时预报）的总降水资料，将热带气旋作为一个整体来研究探讨它在海洋和陆地上的降水分布和演变特征，尤其是台风路径与降水分布之间的关系，弥补以往对热带气旋降水的研究只局限于陆地降水的不足。     

南亚边缘海域热带气旋年频次与对流层风场变化的关系

利用1958-1998年NCAR/NCEP再分析资料和美国海军联合台风警报中心JTWC (Joint Typhoon Warning Center)提供的同时期南亚边缘海域(包括阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和南海)热带气旋资料,分析了这3个海域热带风暴高发期气候上100hPa和850hPa风矢量特征,以及100hPa纬向风强度分别与这3个海域热带气旋年频次之间的关系。结果表明:在阿拉伯海及孟加拉湾热带气旋生成数与100?hPa东风气流强度之间存在极好的正相关关系,即东风气流加强热带气旋数目增多,反之减少。而南海由于位于南亚高压东南侧,经向风的显著地位使南海热带气旋与100hPa经向风强弱变化有联系而与纬向风的关系减弱。     

热带气旋与台风气候变化研究进展

 近年来,引起严重灾害的热带气旋和台风气候变化研究均有新的进展：近60年观测资料比对表明,由于海上观测手段不足,造成前期资料可靠性较低,近30~40年资料较为可靠,观测资料的可靠性随热带气旋强度的增强而增加;全球6个洋区观测资料计算分析显示,热带气旋存在多年代际变率,约自1970年以来,强和超强热带气旋活动有增强趋势;统计和动力降尺度方法模拟热带气旋频数和强度与观测检验证实,这些方法具有一定的模拟热带气旋的能力,但尚存比较大的不确定性;利用统计和动力降尺度模型及模式考虑21世纪人类排放增加全球变暖,较为一致地预估西北太平洋和北大西洋强台风（飓风）强度和频数都有可能增强。热带气旋和台风均属于给人类带来巨大灾难的极端气候事件,利用目前的统计和动力降尺度方法很难进行较为准确的未来年以上时间尺度的气候预测和预估,尚需对影响因子和预测与预估方法进行更加深入的研究,进一步减小预测和预估的不确定性。     

福建沿海热带气旋的时空分布特征及其影响分析

福建沿海受热带气旋影响严重,研究分析其强度规律及时空特征等要素对福建沿海防灾减灾工作具有重要的意义。基于福建省1945-2019年登陆型热带气旋及2004-2019年影响型热带气旋数据资料,对福建沿海地区热带气旋的活动规律、时空分布特征及灾害损失情况进行统计分析。结果表明：福建省登陆型热带气旋频数年际分布大致呈现“增-减-增-减-增-减”变化,而强度年际分布呈现相反趋势。影响型热带气旋频数整体呈现减小趋势,预计未来几年继续减小。登陆型热带气旋在8月份登陆次数最多,其中以登陆强度为台风的热带气旋次数最多。福州市为登陆次数最多的城市,75年共登陆39次,且登陆强度呈现标准正态分布；宁德市登陆型热带气旋强度整体最大。从防灾角度出发,热带气旋由海域向陆域移动过程中,强度逐渐减小,且严重灾情在北部出现的频数较南部高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that