铜膜厚度对铜膜结构和光电学性质的影响

采用热蒸发方法在玻璃基片上沉积100 nm以内不同厚度的铜薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和分光光度计分别检测薄膜的结构、表面形貌和光学性质,用Van der Pauw方法测量薄膜的电学性质.结果表明,可以将薄膜按厚度划分为区(0~11.5 nm)的岛状膜、区(11.5~32 nm)的网状膜和区(32.0 nm)的连续膜.薄膜的表面粗糙度随膜厚的增加,在、区时增加,区时减小.薄膜电阻在区时无法测量,在区随膜厚的增加急剧下降,而在区时随膜厚增加缓慢减小.薄膜的光学吸收与其表面粗糙度密切相关,其变化规律与表面粗糙度的变化相一致.     

(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3薄膜的室温发光行为研究

以醋酸钡和钛酸丁酯基特殊前驱体为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备钛酸钡锶(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3(BST0.8)铁电薄膜,研究了组织结构、微观形貌和光致发光性能.结果表明,非晶BST0.8铁电薄膜表面表现为尺寸约为20 nm左右的岛状结构,光滑致密,无裂纹和孔洞等缺陷,1μm2表面粗糙度约为1.74 am.激发波长为450nm时,在室温环境下非晶BST0.8薄膜在波长520～610 nm处发出强烈的可见光,峰值为540～570 nm,结晶态的BST0.8薄膜无发光现象.非晶BST0.8薄膜在波长330～900 nm范围表现为极高的透过率,光学透过率大于80%,最高峰值达93%.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备掺铋(Ba_(0.65)Sr_(0.35))TiO_3薄膜的结晶特性研究

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)工艺制备了掺Bi(Ba0.65Sr0.35)Ti O3(简称BSTBi)薄膜.XRD研究结果表明,BST系列薄膜具有单一钙钛矿结构;AFM测试结果表明BST薄膜表面平整致密,无裂纹.表面均方根粗糙度约为3～6.5nm,晶粒大小分布均匀,直径约为50～75nm.随着热处理温度的提高,BST薄膜的晶粒变大,表面粗糙度变大.     

缓冲层对银薄膜光电特性的影响

研究铜、铝作为银薄膜的缓冲层对银薄膜的光电学性质的影响.利用热蒸发技术在BK-7玻璃基底上沉积Ag(220 nm)/Al(20 nm)和Ag(220 nm)/Cu(20 nm)薄膜,沉积薄膜在温度为400、500℃的大气条件下退火处理1 h.样品的表面形貌用原子力显微镜观测,光学和电学性质分别用分光光度计和vander Pauw方法测量.实验结果表明,相对于同等条件下制备的纯银薄膜,附加缓冲层大大提高了退火态薄膜的光电性质,改善了银薄膜的热稳定性.不同的缓冲层对银薄膜光电性质影响程度不同:在同一退火温度下,在可见光谱区域,Ag/Al薄膜的反射率大于Ag/Cu薄膜;Ag/Cu薄膜的电阻率ρ小于Ag/Al薄膜,且在退火温度为500℃时Ag/Cu薄膜的ρ最小.     

磁控溅射制备纳米Ni-Al薄膜的表面粗糙度和电阻率的研究

研究了在纳米厚度范围内,Ni-Al薄膜的电阻率与表面粗糙度的关系. 利用直流磁控溅射方法,使用高纯度(99.99%)的Ni 、Al靶, 通入Ar气制备了Ni-Al薄膜,薄膜的厚度为15nm～140nm. 在室温下通过直线四探针和原子力显微镜测量了不同厚度Ni-Al薄膜的电阻率和表面粗糙度,结果表明电阻率变化和表面粗糙度成近似线性关系.     

LaNiO_3缓冲层对Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)TiO_3薄膜微结构和介电性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射法,在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si和LaNiO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3薄膜.采用X-ray衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM),研究了两种衬底上BST薄膜样品的结晶性和表面形貌.结果表明:BST薄膜材料均为钙钛矿相,直接生长在硅衬底上的BST薄膜无择优取向,晶粒尺寸为20～30 nm,而LaNiO2缓冲层上生长的BST薄膜则为(100)择优取向,晶粒尺寸约为150～200 nm.室温下测试了薄膜的介电性能.研究结果表明,LNO缓冲层显著提高了BST薄膜的介电常数和介电可调率.     

(Ba,Pb)TiO3铁电薄膜的制备及其光学性质研究

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)技术在(100)Si及石英衬底上制备了Ba0.95Pb0.05TiO3(BPT)铁电薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微术(AFM)对薄膜的物相结构、结晶性和表面形貌进行表征,结果表明晶化完整的BPT薄膜呈多晶钙钛矿结构,薄膜表面均匀致密.用紫外-可见分光光度计在190～1000nm波长范围内,测量了不同温度退火的BPT薄膜的光学透射率,并通过透射光谱计算了薄膜折射率和消光系数的色散关系.     

ZnS薄膜的电沉积及表征

利用恒电位电沉积技术实现在ITO导电玻璃上沉积ZnS薄膜,用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对制得的薄膜进行了研究.实验表明,用该方法制得的薄膜样品的主要成分是α-ZnS,薄膜表面均匀、致密和平整,平均粗糙度为3.112 nm,颗粒的粒径大约为50~100 nm.该薄膜中Zn原子和S原子化合价分别为+2价和-2价,原子个数比接近于1∶1,没有探测到单质元素(Zn或S)沉积.     

纳米Cu/SiO2薄膜制备及其性能

采用热蒸发在载玻片和SiO_2衬底上沉积约5. 12 nm的Cu薄膜,再用退火炉分别进行100、200、300、400和500℃等5个温度退火,得到不同温度下的纳米Cu薄膜.用原子力显微镜和紫外-可见分光光度计研究不同退火温度对纳米Cu薄膜表面形貌、粒子分布和光学性质的影响.实验结果表明:当纳米Cu薄膜在载玻片上生长Cu颗粒阵列时,需要将退火温度控制在200℃左右;若使纳米Cu薄膜在SiO_2薄膜表面也能生长Cu颗粒阵列,退火温度比没有沉积SiO_2薄膜的衬底高100℃,此时纳米Cu颗粒对应方均根粗糙度为7. 20 nm、峰高(Skewness)为1. 75,以及偏态(Kurtosis)为5. 67,仅透射率略低9%.这样的Cu颗粒阵列更利于做超结构薄膜与完美吸收的顶层纳米金属颗粒.当退火温度为500℃时,载玻片上生长Cu薄膜的透射率出现一个相对稳定的波段,该工艺条件制备出来的纳米Cu薄膜,可以用来制作一些微型芯片,而SiO_2薄膜表面生长使纳米Cu薄膜对应方均根粗糙度为6. 25 nm、峰高为0. 57,以及偏态为2. 66.这样的Cu颗粒阵列不仅能够做大频率光电波吸收,还可以用作全固态电池中电解质上层的导电层.     

磁控溅射制备钛薄膜的结构和光学性质

利用直流磁控溅射技术在石英基片上沉积厚度为35～112nm的钛薄膜.采用X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜分别对薄膜的微结构和表面形貌进行观测,用分光光度计测量样品的透射和反射光谱.选用德鲁特光学介电模型,通过拟合样品的透射和反射光谱数据的方法求解钛薄膜的折射率、消光系数和厚度.结果表明,随着厚度的增加,(100)面衍射峰强度增强,薄膜的结晶性能提高;膜厚为56nm时,样品的表面为多孔结构,而大于56nm时表面为连续膜的球形颗粒结构;随膜厚的增加,表面颗粒直径逐渐增大,表面粗糙度减小.在400～2 000nm波长范围内,薄膜的透射率随膜厚的增加而减小,反射率升高;折射率在2.5与3.4之间,消光系数在0.7与1.4之间,折射率和消光系数均随膜厚的增加而增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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