Testes and chromosomes in interspecific hybrids betweenHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) andHelicoverpa assulta (Guenée)

The interspecific hybridization betweenHelicoverpa armigera females andHelicoverpa assulta males yieldedF ₁ hybrids (RS), fertile males and sterile individuals with abnormal genitals. The reverse hybridization betweenH. assulta females andH. armigera males yielded F₁ hybrids (SR)-fertile males and fertile females. The morphology of testes and the karyotype of chromosomes of larvae in the hybrids were investigated. Among the 2d old fifth-instar SR larvae, individuals without testes were fertile females and those with testes were fertile males. The length and breadth of testes between SR and parental species were not significantly different (p>0.05). Among the 2d old fifth-instar RS larvae, the testes were observed in all the individuals, but it could be classified into two types. The length and the breadth of testes in Type 1 larvae were not significantly different from those of their parental species (p>0.05), while those in Type 2 were significantly less than those of their parental species (p<0.01). Mitotic metaphase I of brain cells showed the diploid chromosomes number of both reciprocal hybrids was 2n=62, as many as their parents. The haploid number of 31 was confirmed by counts from spermatocytes at meiotic metaphase from SR male larvae and Type 1 larvae of RS. Meiosis was not observed in spermatocytes of Type 2 larvae of RS. Considering the characteristics of adult hybrids of RS, it was concluded that Type 1 individuals in RS were fertile and those of Type 2 were sterile. The sterility of Type 2 individuals in RS is attributed to the abnormity in development of testes and the failing meiosis of spermatocytes. As a result, the normal spermatozoon could not been produced.     

Restorable variation of cytoplasmic type of male sterile line in rice byin vitro culture

Rice male sterile (MS) lines, IR66707A and IR69700A, which possess the cytoplasm of Oryza perennis and O. glumaepatula respectively, belong to the cytoplasmic type. Their sterility could be maintained but not be restored. By somatic cell culture of these two MS lines, 47 somaclones with 465 R₁ plants were obtained. All of the 465 R₁ plants were sterile in the spring season in Guangzhou. According to the expression of the R₁ plants and the level of similarity to their donor parents, they could be divided into three types. The plants of type Ⅰ were male sterile. The sterility of some somaclones of this type could be restored by the test crossing varieties or alternated to fertile by changes of some environmental conditions. The hybrid F₁ of test cross from the MS somaclones in type Ⅰ was fertile while the hybrid F₁ from the donor MS lines was still sterile. The R₁ plants of type Ⅱ were similar to the donor parents and also male sterile. The hybrid F₁ from all of the plants of type Ⅱ crossed to test variety were still sterile, so they did not possess restorability. For the somaclone of type Ⅲ, all of R₁ plants were sterile in both male and female organs. No seed was set in both conditions of self and cross pollination. The fact that the restorable variants obtained in the cytoplasmic type of MS lines of rice by in vitro culture reported here should be the first sample in somaclonal variation in plant kingdom.     

红芪加工废弃物活性多糖对果蝇生育力和寿命及抗氧化能力的影响

研究红芪废弃物中提取的生物活性多糖对黑腹果蝇的生殖能力、寿命和抗氧化能力的影响.通过不同浓度的红芪多糖对黑腹果蝇的存活试验,研究了一代至四代(F1-F4)的生殖能力和寿命、雌雄个体数、抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化.结果表明,与对照组相比,添加多糖可提高F1-F...     

Molecular characterization of diapause hormone inHelicoverpa armigera

Diapause hormone (DH) is a neurohormone which is secreted from suboesophageal ganglion and responsible for induction of embryonic diapause in many insects. Using rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE) method, the cDNA encoding diapause hormone inHelicoverpa armigera, a main kind of crops pest was cloned. The nucleotide sequence reveals that the mRNA encodes an open reading frame and the 25-aa DH peptide is localized at N-terminal region just after the signal peptide. A homology search showed thatH. armigera DH has high homology with the diapause hormone ofBombyx mori andHelicoverpa zea; and it also belongs to the FXPRL neuropeptide family. Thus,H. armigera DH seems to be a new type of diapause hormone molecule.     

Expression of two insect-resistant genescryIA (b&c)/GNA in transgenic tobacco plants results in added protection against both cotton bollworm and aphids

The synthesizedBacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene cryIA(b&c) and the synthesized geneGNA, (the mannose specific lectin from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)), tumefaciens have been inserted into plant expression vector pGW4BAI. Leave stripes ofNicotiana tabacum var. K326 have been transformed withAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. 28 kanamycin resistant tobacco plants have been obtained. PCR and Southern blot analyses show that the foreigncryIA andGNA genes have been inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Haemagglutination assays show thatGNA has a functional activity. Leaf disc bioassays against cotton bollworm (H. armigera) show that the transgenic tobacco plants have a high insecticidal activity. The inhibition of aphid population in leaf disc bioassays againstMyzus persicae shows that the fecundity of aphid on transgenic plants is lower than that on untransformed plants; the aphid population on the transgenic tobacco plants is 25%–70% that on untransformed tobacco plants. ELISA analysis of ClyIA protein in tobcco leaves provides similar data to bioassay results. Through the two bioassays againstH. armigera andM. persicae, several transgenic tobacco plants showing high insect-resistant activities to both pests have been obtained.     

Breeding of T. aestivum-Ag. intermedium translocation lines with T. timopheevii cytoplasm and characterization by GISH

A male-sterileT. aestivum-Ag. intermedium partial amphiploid with cytoplasm ofT. timopheevii as a female parent was crossed to common wheat. The hybrid was backcrossed to the male parent several times continually and setf-crossed at last. Two stable lines with common wheat phenotype, H96269-2 and H96278, have been obtained. The chromosome numbers of the two lines are all2n = 42 in somatic cetls. By inoculation test, the two lines show a high levet of resistance to yetlow rust. Through genomicin situ hybridization (GISH) withAg. intermedium total genomic DNA as a probe, it is demonstrated that the two stable lines are all small segmental translocation lines, and the translocated chromosome segments fromAg. intermedium are located on the short arm terminals of wheat chromosomes. Genetics analysis suggests that the yetlow rust resistance gene(s) are probably located on the translocated chromosome segments ofAg. intermedium.     

Relationships between D1 protein, xanthophyll cycle and photodamage-resistant capacity in rice (Orysa sativa L.)

Relationships between D1 protein, xanthophyll cycle and subspecific difference of photodamage-resistant capacity have been studied inO. japonica rice varieties 02428 and 029 (photoinhibition-tolerance) andO. indica rice varieties 3037 and Palghar (photoinhibition-sensitivity) and their reciprocal cross F₁ hybrids after photoinhibitory treatment. It was shown that PS II photochemical efficiency (F _v /F _m) decreased, and xanthophyll cycle from violaxanthin (V), via anaxanthin (A), to zeaxanthin (Z) was enhanced and non-photochemical quenching (qN) increased accordingly in SM-pretreated leaves of rice when the synthesis of D1 protein was inhibited, and that there was a decrease inqN and, as a result, more loss of D1 protein and a big decrease inF _v/F _m in DTT-pretreated leaves when xanthophyll cycle was inhibited.O. japonica subspecies had a higher maintaining capacity of D1 protein and a decrease ofF _v/F _m in a more narrow range, and exhibited more resistance against photodamage, as compared withO. indica subspecies. The above physiological indexes in reciprocal cross F₁ hybrids, though between the values of their parents, were closer to maternal lines than to paternal lines. Experimental results support the concept that the turnover capacity for D1 protein is an important physiological basis of photoinhibition-tolerance, and will provide the physiological basis for selection of the photoinhibition-tolerant parents and develop a new approach to breed hybrids with high photosynthetic efficiency.     

Evaluation of transgenic tobacco expressing two insecticidal genes to delay resistance development ofHelicoverpa armigera

The resistance ratio ofHelicoverpa armigera to Cry1 Ac insecticidal protein fromBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is 13.1- and 3.02-fold after 18 generations of selection by transgenic tobacco expressing Bt or two (Bt and CpTI) insecticidal protein genes, in which the average corrected mortality for each selection treatments is about 60%. The mortality of selected population by transgenic Bt gene tobacco is significantly lower than the control strain when fed on transgenic tobacco plants. The mortaltty of the selected population by transgenic two genes tobacco was not significantly different from the control strain. This is the first experiment under laboratory condition which has proved that transgenic two genes tobacco could significantly delay resistance development ofH. armigera compared with one gene.     

Zn2+对果蝇生育力和寿命及抗氧化能力的影响

为了研究Zn~(2+)对果蝇生育力和寿命及抗氧化能力的影响。以黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)为研究动物,用生存实验来考查不同浓度的Zn~(2+)处理果蝇,研究果蝇F1-F4代生育力和寿命的变化,雌、雄果蝇数量的变化,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT的活力及MDA含量的变化。结果显示:添加Zn~(2+)浓度为1.0 g/mL可以使F1-F4代雌、雄果蝇世代生育力增强,寿命延长,而在Zn~(2+)浓度为2.0×10-3g/mL时果蝇体内MDA含量大量积累,SOD和CAT活性急剧降低,使果蝇提前衰老、死亡并且降低或丧失生殖能力,而Zn~(2+)对果蝇性别分化影响不大,总体接近于1:1。因此,适当浓度的Zn~(2+)可以延长果蝇寿命,增强其生殖力,提高抗氧化能力。     

CHLOROFORM''''S EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

探讨了氯仿对果蝇生殖力的影响, 结果显示随着氯仿滴注时间(天数)的延长,后代数量减少、羽化延续时间缩短、雄/雌性比降低. 同时由于氯仿的处理,在后代中出现了一定量的畸形个体,而F     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyamide-Containing 2, 6- （Substituded） pyridine Derivatives

0 IntroductionPayrriodminaetiics hoenteer oofc ythcleics m .os tC oambupnoduanndts a cnodn tbaeisntin kgno twhnepyridine ring are widely distributedin nature,principally asenzymes and alkaloids . Pyridine enzymes have been foundintissues of all plants and ani mals examined thus far ,andare derivedfromeither nicotinic acid or Vitamin B6[1].Pyr-idine derivatives are also the building block of many phar-maceuticals with a wide range of functionalities that includeantitubercular compounds ,antivi…     

Generation of a recombinant herpes simplex virus which can provide packaging function for recombinant adeno-associated virus

The generation of a recombinant HSV (rHSV) that can provide packaging function for rAAV production is described. A set of cosmids including cos48, cos28, cos6, cosl4 and cos56, which represents the HSV-1 genome was used for generation of this rHSV.Rep andcap genes of AAV-2 were inserted intoXba I site ofUL2 gene on cod, generating cos6rcΔUL2. After being digested withPac I, cos6-rcΔUL2 and the other 4 cosmids were cotransfected into BHK-21 cells. The recombinant virus HSV1-rc/ΔUL2 carryingrep andcap genes was generated due to the homologous recombination of the 5 cosmids. The results showed that the existence ofrep andcap genes on this rHSV was stable from passage to passage and the rHSV could support the packaging of rAAV either in cells transiently transfected with AAV vector or in stable cell line harboring AAV vector. Further modification of this rHSV and optimization of conditions involved in rAAV preparation may lead to a large-scale production of rAAV in the near future.     

Genetic analysis and mapping of rice （Oryza sativa L.） male-sterile （OsMS-L） mutant

A rice male-sterile mutant OsMS-L of japonica cultivar 9522 background, was obtained in M4 population treated with ^60Co γ-Ray. Genetic analysis indicated that the male.sterile phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Results of tissue section showed that at microspore stage, OsMS-L tapetum was retarded. Then tapetal calls expanded and microspores degenerated. No matured pollens were observed in OsMS-L anther locus. To map OsMS-L locus, an F2 population was constructed from the cross between the OsMS-L (japonica) and LongTeFu B(indica). Firstly, the OsMS-L locus was roughly mapped between two SSR markers, RM109 and RM7562 on chromosome 2. And then eleven polymorphic markers were developed for further fine fine-mapping. At last the OsMS-L locus was mapped between the two lnDel markers, Lhsl0 and Lhs6 with genetic distance of 0.4 cM, respectively. The region was delimited to 133 kb. All these results were useful for further cloning and functional analysis of OsMS-L.     

Identification and classification of subspecies of Asian cultivated rice and their hybrids

Having reviewed the major classification systems proposed by various scholars across the world, it is found thatindica andjaponica underO. sativa L. are two major directions thoroughly differentiated from the Asian cultivated rice, forming the framework of the classification structure. A system withindica andjaponica as the only two subspecies is therefore reiterated. There are various ways to determine the indica-japonica identity of hybrid rice, but the “combined morphological trait index” (CMT index) method is more efficient and easier to handle, although the isozyme analysis, molecular marker analysis and grain quality assay methods are also feasible.     

Study on heterosis of intersubspecies between indica and japonica rice （Oryza sativa L.） using chromosome segment substitution lines

Great heterosis exists in the inter-subspecific crossesbetween indica and japonica rice cultivars[1,2] and the ex-ploitation of this heterosis has long been considered as apromising method to further increase rice yield potential[3].Previous studies indicated that there were large differencesbetween the two subspecies with respect to morphology,isozyme, polymorphism of molecular markers and DNAstructure due to long time genetic differentiation[4,5]. Thosedifferences were identified to be clos…     

Morita equivalent blocks in subgroups of finite groups

0 IntroductionLeRte(f K.[,1]O), ,ki) .e b.e, aOips- am ocdoumlaplre tseys dtiesmcre(tese eva lCuhatpito .nII Iri nignwith unique maxi mal idealJ(O) suchthatJ(O) =(π)forπ∈O,Kis the quotient field ofOcharacteristic 0 ,andkis theresidue fieldO/(π)of characteristicp, wherepis a fixedpri me number .Inthis paper , we fix a finite groupG,andletKcontains all the |G|-throots of unity,where |G|is the or-der of finite groupG.In particular bothKandkare splittingfields of every subgroup ofG.D…     

Preparation of (R)- and (S)-2-Allyl-1, 3, 2-dinaphtho (α, β) [d.f] dioxaborepin and their reactions with aldehydes

(R)- and(S)-2-Allyl-1,3,2-dinaphtho (α,β) [d.f] dioxaborepin ((R)-2 and(S)-2) have been first prepared by the reaction of(R)-(+)- or(S)-(−)-1, 1′-bi-2-naphthol and triallylborane in THF at room temperature, respectively.(S)-2 and(R)-2 are sensitive to moisture and oxygen in air and disproportionate easily to triallylborane and 1,1′-bi-2 naphthyl bis (1,1′-bi-2-naphtholborate) at ambient temperature. However, THF is a stabilizer for them. The reactions of(R)-2 or(S)-2 and some aliphetic or aromatic aldehydes in CH₂Cl₂ at −78°C for several hours afforded β-alkylenyl alcohols in up to 84.8%ee. Among them, optically active 1-(3, 5-dichlorophenyl)-3-butenol and 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-butenol were first prepared Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29972033) Biography: Liu Dejun (1973), male, Ph. D, research direction: asymmetric synthesis     

Study on the action of sodium selenite on the mitochondria metabolism of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus</Emphasis> hybrid carps liver by microcalorimetry

By using an LKB-2277 bioactivity monitor and ampoule method, the fundamental thermogenesis curves of the metabolic process of liver mitochondria fromCarassius auratus hybrid carps and the toxic effect of Na₂SeO₃ on it were studied at 28°C. From the thermogenesis curves, the thermokinetic equations were established under different condition. The kinetics show that Na₂SeO₃ has toxic action on the metabolism process ofCarassius auratus hybrid carps liver mitochondria. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (29973030, 30170010 and 5020310), Chenguang Project of Wuhan and National Postdoctor Foundation of China Biography: Li Xi (1968-), female, Associate pofessor, research direction: biothermochemistry and biomaterials.     

Inheritance of the delayed gland morphogenesis trait in Australian wild species ofGossypium

Five Australian wild cotton species with the delayed gland morphogenesis trait, as well as G. arboreum, G. davidsonii and four different gland genotypes of G. hirsutum, Gl₂Gl₂Gl₃Gl₃, Gl₂Gl₂gl₃gl₃, gl₂gl₂Gl₃Gl₃, and gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃, were used in this experiment and 10 interspecific hybrids were obtained by the crossing among them. According to the gland expression on the seeds and plants of the interspecific hybrids, the inheritance of the delayed gland morphogenesis trait of Australian wild cotton species was opened out as follows: (ⅰ) the inheritance of the delayed gland morphogenesis trait was almost the same among the 5 Australian wild cotton species, and the gene or genes which controlled this trait may be located in the same loci. (ⅱ) The glandless seed trait of the Australian wild cotton species was dominant over the glanded seed trait of G. arboreum, a genome A species, and the seeds of interspecific hybrid F₁ between them were glandless. However, it was recessive over the glanded character of genome D species, G.davidsonii, and their F₁ was a typical glanded one. (ⅲ) The glandless seed trait of the Australian wild cotton species was recessive or incomplete dominant over the glanded cotton but dominant over the glandless cotton of G. hirsutum, and the glandless genes (gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃) of upland cotton had great weakening effect on the glanded plant trait of the Australian wild cotton species on the other hand. For the two main glanded genes of upland cotton, the delayed gland morphogenesis trait of the Australian wild cotton species was dominant epistatic over glandless genes, gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃, and one of the glanded genes, Gl₂Gl₂, but was recessive epistatic over the other glanded gene, Gl₃Gl₃. Therefore, it is much convenient to use Gl₂Gl₂gl₃gl₃ as the upland cotton parent in the interspecific hybridization and backcrossing afterward, in order to produce the upland cotton germplasm with glandless seeds and glanded plant trait.