四驱混合动力汽车模式切换平顺性研究

为实现混合动力电动汽车纯电动模式与发动机工作模式平顺地切换,依据切换前后驱动转矩相等的原则,提出一种新的电机转矩算法.该算法根据CVT的速比控制规律、车速、节气门开度得出发动机的伪目标转速;根据发动机输出特性、节气门开度和伪发动机转速,得出发动机输出转矩,由此推导出电机输出转矩.仿真结果表明:模式切换前后整车驱动转矩基...     

并联混合动力挖掘机系统建模及控制策略仿真

分析了以超级电容和ISG(integrated starter generator)电机组成辅助动力源、电机驱动回转为特征的并联混合动力挖掘机系统;提出了发动机双模式转矩均衡控制策略,以负载工况与超级电容SOC(state of charge,荷电状态)为决策依据,实现发动机工作点的自适应调节.在特定工作点下,以转矩均衡控制策略替代传统的转速感应控制,系统转速更加稳定.ISG电机可以均衡发动机转矩,使其工作于高效率区.另外,利用回转驱动电机实现回转势能的再生利用.建立并联混合动力挖掘机系统的Simulink仿真模型.结果表明,该控制策略适用于挖掘机并联混合动力系统,具有显著的节能性.     

混合动力系统发动机停机过程控制策略

针对混联式混合动力系统,为减小其由混合驱动模式切换至纯电驱动模式过程中发动机停机引起的整车纵向冲击,利用模型预测控制算法可以在线滚动优化获得最优控制序列的特点,提出了一种基于模型预测控制的发动机停机优化控制策略. 首先,采用理论与试验相结合的研究方法,建立了发动机阻力矩模型;其次,依据动力元件工作状态的不同,将发动机停机过程划分为发动机工作点调整阶段和电机反拖发动机阶段,设计了分段式发动机停机控制策略;最后,通过仿真对所设计的控制策略进行了验证,并与传统基于比例-积分-微分的控制方法进行了对比. 仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略能有效抑制发动机停机过程中的输出转矩波动,降低整车冲击度,提高车辆行驶的平顺性.      

伴随发动机起动的混合动力模式切换策略

针对伴随发动机起动的单轴并联混合动力模式切换问题,分析传统发动机起动原理并结合不分离离合器AMT换挡过程控制策略,提出单轴并联混合动力模式切换的5阶段控制策略,同时建立Bang-Bang-PID及前馈PID控制算法对电机调速进行控制. 采用快速原型设计方法,完成整车控制器控制策略开发,最终在气电混合动力客车实验平台上对所提出的模式切换控制策略进行验证. 实验结果表明:所提出的控制策略能顺利起动发动机,提高模式切换性能,并满足整车驾驶需求.      

双电机混合动力汽车起步与换挡过程协调控制

针对采用自动变速箱(AMT)的混合动力汽车存在换挡动力中断问题,提出一种新型双电机混合动力驱动系统,该系统主要包括1台发动机、2个电机和1个四挡变速箱。通过控制发动机、电机、离合器与同步器的工作状态,该混合动力系统可实现纯电动驱动、发动机和电机并联驱动、串联驱动、制动能量回收以及行车发电等多种工作模式。采用集中质量法和牛顿第二定律对该驱动系统进行动力学分析,将其等效为质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,并建立动力学方程。通过查表法建立了发动机和电机模型。结合混合动力驱动系统结构特点,设计模式切换和换挡过程的控制策略,在模式切换和换挡过程中,结合发动机和电机的扭矩响应特性,对发动机和电机输出扭矩进行协调控制。采用基于发动机输出扭矩的电机扭矩补偿策略维持汽车驱动扭矩,避免出现换挡动力中断现象。基于AMESim和MATLAB/Simulink软件平台搭建整车模型及控制策略模型,并对模式切换和换挡过程进行仿真分析。研究结果表明:双电机混合动力驱动系统可实现车辆换挡过程中输出扭矩平顺变化,无动力中断现象;通过限制发动机和电机的扭矩变化率,以及离合器和同步器等执行机构的分离接合速度,可将模式切换和换挡过程的冲击度控制在合理范围内。     

伴随发动机起动的混合动力汽车切换协调控制

并联式混合动力汽车在伴随发动机起动过程中,由于离合器的动作复杂,在模式切换时极易产生转矩的巨大波动,为此,本文提出了一种动态协调控制方法。通过对切换过程的动力学分析,依据发动机、电机和离合器等所处状态不同,将切换过程分为发动机起动、转速同步和转矩突变3个阶段。综合考虑到各阶段控制目标的不同,分别设计了基于开关控制的发动机起动、基于模型预测控制的转速同步和基于电机补偿发动机转矩突变的动态协调控制策略。利用MATLAB/Simulink软件和搭建的试验平台,对3种动态协调控制方法分别进行了仿真和试验验证。研究结果表明:采用协调控制策略后,整车冲击度降低了68%,有效改善了驾驶舒适性。     

双轴驱动纯电动汽车驱动转矩的分配控制策略

针对双轴驱动纯电动汽车的前后电机驱动转矩分配,基于电机的map特性,建立以双电机利用效率最大化为目标的优化模型,获得双驱动电动汽车不同转速与转矩需求下的双电机最优转矩分配模型.针对双轴驱动电动汽车,设计了普通、动力与经济3种驾驶驱动模式,并基于优化模型制定了3种驱动模式的转矩分配优化策略.最后以轻量化纯电动中巴为对象,建立了Carsim/Simulink联合仿真模型,分别以0～60 km/h加速实验验证动力性能,以NEDC工况的经济性验证效率.仿真结果表明,在3种驱动模式下,文中所提出的策略能小幅度缩短电动中巴的加速时间,将NEDC工况的续航里程分别提升2.20%、4.56%与6.60%,从而为双轴驱动电动汽车提供了一种双电机转矩优化分配的新方法.     

强混合动力汽车驱动模式切换扭矩协调控制策略

在对强混合动力系统工作特性分析的基础上,以车辆行驶平顺性为目标,通过对系统在不同驱动模式切换过程中发动机、电机及离合器和变速器参数变化的分析,制定了针对不同模式切换过程扭矩波动的扭矩协调控制策略。建立了基于该控制策略的强混合动力汽车动力学仿真模型,进行了典型驱动模式切换过程的仿真与分析。结果表明,提出的扭矩协调控制策略能够减小驱动模式切换过程中的扭矩波动,有效提高强混合动力汽车在模式切换过程中的动力传递的平稳性。     

并联混合动力汽车模式切换快速终端滑模控制

为了防止并联混合动力汽车模式切换过程中发生扭矩波动,提出了一种基于干扰补偿的切换快速终端滑模控制方法。首先,在对整车动力结构和驱动模式分析的基础上,根据由纯电动模式向混合驱动模式切换过程中3个阶段内干扰量的不同,分别设计了干扰观测器估计各阶段干扰,将得到的估计值作为系统控制输入。其次,利用快速终端滑模控制和电机补偿发动机扭矩误差的方法,对各阶段干扰估计量进行补偿,通过构造Lyapunov函数证明控制系统的稳定性。最后,对所设计方法分别进行仿真和试验。研究结果表明:该方法在保证整车动力性的同时,确保了模式切换的平顺性,试验的整车最大冲击度降低了52.37%,提高了驾驶性能。     

并联混合动力客车模式切换过程控制研究

针对单轴并联混合动力客车结合离合器的模式切换,设计了发动机已启动和未启动时模式切换的控制策略.对于发动机未启动的模式切换,考虑离合器滑磨功和驾驶员需求,提出了在挡启动发动机和空挡启动发动机的控制策略.在转矩恢复时利用电机对发动机转矩进行补偿,考虑驾驶员需求、电池状态和整车控制策略,制定电机补偿发动机转矩的策略. 通过台架和实车试验验证了策略的可行性与优越性.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to