基于网络药理学及分子对接探究茵栀黄颗粒治疗肝纤维化的作用机制

运用网络药理学及分子对接方法，探讨茵栀黄颗粒治疗肝纤维化的作用机制。通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台，对茵栀黄颗粒中4味药材进行活性成分筛选，利用SwissTargetPrediction数据库进行靶点预测；在GeneCards数据库中进行检索，获取肝纤维化相关的靶点，构建维恩图；运用DAVID数据库进行GO(gene ontology)功能和KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路富集分析，运用Cytoscape3.9.0软件绘制成分-靶点网络图和靶点-通路网络图，通过STRING数据库与Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络图，利用AutoDock Tools对关键活性成分和核心靶点进行分子对接，验证网络药理学分析结果。通过口服生物利用度和类药性参数筛选出茵栀黄颗粒中的43个活性成分，肝纤维化相关靶点111个；GO功能富集分析得到生物过程条目346个，细胞组成条目32个，分子功能条目76个；KEGG通路富集分析筛选得到96条(P<0.05)信号通路，主要涉及PI3K-Akt信号通路、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、TN...     

银杏叶治疗胶质母细胞瘤机制研究（英文）

胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是人类中枢神经系统肿瘤中发病率高、侵袭性强的恶性肿瘤.胶质母细胞瘤发生和发展的原因尚不清楚.银杏叶（GF）提取物可以减少裸鼠U-87胶质瘤细胞系的生长,然而,作用机制不清楚.在本研究中,网络药理学、分子对接和细胞实验被用来阐释银杏叶治疗胶质母细胞瘤的潜在的分子作用机制.从TCMSP数据库中获得银杏叶的有效成分和作用靶点,STRING数据库用于蛋白质相互作用分析,Cytoscape软件构建“成分-靶点”网络和PPI网络.R语言分析用来GO富集分析和KEGG通路分析.另外,Auto Dock Vina软件进行活性成分与核心靶点的分子对接验证.最后,通过细胞实验验证GF中的有效化合物对胶质母细胞瘤的抑制作用.结果表明,银杏叶有27个潜在有效成分和112个潜在靶点.从6个数据库中筛选出7 435个胶质母细胞瘤作用靶点.银杏叶与胶质母细胞瘤交集靶点98个.银杏叶共有18种核心有效成分,如槲皮素、山柰酚、木犀草素等以及10个相对应核心靶点ESR1、RELA、FOS、CCD1、EGFR、AR、HIF1A、MAPK8、NCOA1和MDM2.富集分析结果表明,银杏叶治疗胶质母细胞瘤...     

降糖甲治疗2型糖尿病的机制研究

基于生物信息学、网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨降糖甲颗粒(JTJ)治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的作用机制。通过TCMSP、Uniprot数据库、swisstarget和SEA数据库筛选降糖甲颗粒的活性化合物和作用靶点,从GEO数据库获取T2DM患者组胰岛样本和非T2DM患者组胰岛样本数据,利用R语言limma包筛选差异表达基因,二者取交集得到JTJ-T2DM共有靶点。通过Cytoscape3.9.1绘制JTJ-T2DM-靶点网络图,利用STRING数据库、Cytoscape3.9.1的cytoHubb插件制作JTJ-T2DM共有靶点的PPI网络图并获取关键靶点(Hubs)。利用DAVID平台对JTJ-T2DM共有靶点进行GO功能富集分析及KEGG通路富集分析,对共有靶点有差异表达并进行ROC分析,最后通过DS BIOVIA软件进行分子对接验证。结果显示,最终获得41个JTJ活性化合物,909个药物作用靶点,2952个T2DM靶点,JTJ-T2DM交集靶点160个,Hubs 12个;GO及KEGG富集分析结果显示,JTJ主要参与细胞凋亡等过程,调控MAPK及AGE-RAGE等信号通路而治疗T...     

基于网络药理学的桑白皮治疗2型糖尿病的作用机制

通过网络药理学和分子对接方法探讨桑白皮治疗2型糖尿病的作用机制。运用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台筛选桑白皮的活性成分及相应作用靶点,借助DrugBank、GeneCards和TTD数据库检索疾病靶点。活性成分靶点与疾病靶点取交集得到桑白皮作用于2型糖尿病的预测靶点,构建活性成分-潜在靶点网络图和关键靶点蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein protein interaction, PPI)网络。将交集基因进行基因本体(gene ontology, GO)分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)富集分析;最后应用AutoDock软件进行活性成分及关键靶点之间的分子对接验证。预测得到桑白皮活性成分25个,桑白皮与疾病的交集靶点126个。PPI网络发现AKT1、IL-6、TNF、VEGFA、TP53、CASP3等可能是桑白皮治疗2型糖尿病的关键靶点。GO富集分析涉及细胞因子信号转导通路、对脂质的反应和凋亡信号通路等生物过程。KEGG通路分析涉及糖尿病并发症中AGE-RAGE信号通路、IL-17信号通路、T...     

黄芪-白茅根治疗慢性肾小球肾炎作用机制的可视化分析

运用数据库及可视化软件分析黄芪-白茅根治疗慢性肾小球肾炎(chronic glomerulonephritis,CGN)的有效活性成分并探讨其潜在作用机制。通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台及BATMAN-TCM数据库收集黄芪-白茅根活性成分,SwissTargetPrediction和Uniprot数据库进行靶点标准化处理;通过GeneCards、OMIM、DisGeNET、Drugbank、DiGSeE数据库筛选CGN相关靶点;应用 Cytoscape软件构建相关网络图;利用Omicshare平台进行基因本体(gene ontology, GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)分析;采用AutoDock Vina及LigPlot进行核心成分与核心靶点的对接。黄芪-白茅根中共筛选出27个活性成分和271个活性成分靶点。对143个药物和疾病的交集靶点进行分析,获得7 084个GO相关过程,230个KEGG信号通路,其中差异的有4 663个GO相关过程,159个KEGG信号通路。分子对接发现本研究筛选的核心成分与靶点拥有较好的结合能。研究表明黄芪-白茅根是通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的作用方式发挥治疗CGN的作用,为CGN的治疗提供了重要的科学依据。     

基于网络药理学研究槐花丸治疗结肠炎机制

通过网络药理学的方法对槐花丸治疗结肠炎的作用机制进行探索和研究.通过TCMSP和ETCM数据库找到槐花丸的主要成分,通过Swiss Target Prediction对成分靶点进行预测;使用OMIM、GeneCards、TTD Database和MalaCards数据库以"colitis"为关键词进行检索,获得结肠炎相关的疾病靶点;将疾病靶点与主要成分靶点进行交集得出药物作用成分;使用Cytoscape软件绘制出药物的主要作用成分-靶点相互关系网络图;使用STRING平台导出药物的蛋白与蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络图.应用DAVID数据库对核心靶点进行GO分析及KEGG相关通路分析,并对KEGG信号通路进行可视化.得到槐花丸共有54个主要作用成分,其中26个成分活性较好,可能作用于STAT3、TP53、MAPK3、AKT1、TNF、VEGFA等关键靶点,参与91条信号通路.通过绘制药物成分-疾病靶点网络、药物蛋白与蛋白相互作用网络等多条途径,对槐花丸治疗结肠炎的作用机制进行了初探和研究,为其他相关研究提供了依据,为其后续临床疗效评价指标的筛选提供了研究方向.     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探究三棱-莪术抗乳腺癌的作用机制

运用网络药理学和分子对接探究三棱-莪术药对抗乳腺癌的有效活性成分及分子机制。通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台检索并筛选出三棱、莪术的有效活性成分和对应作用靶点,运用OMIM数据库、GeneCards数据库检索乳腺癌的疾病靶点。运用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件绘制药物-成分-疾病-靶点网络图。利用STRING数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein- protein interaction,PPI)网络,使用Cytoscape中MCODE插件进行分析并筛选出前10个核心靶点。借助DAVID数据库对作用靶点进行基因本体及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)通路富集分析,并绘制成分-靶点-通路网络图。最后通过AutoDock Vina等软件进行分子对接,验证核心成分与核心靶点的相互作用。结果表明,通过筛选得出7种活性成分、73个作用靶点,三棱-莪术与乳腺癌共同靶点43个。核心成分为常春藤皂苷元、β-谷甾醇、芒柄花黄素、豆甾醇、反式软骨酸,PPI网络显示其核心靶点为JUN、CASP3、PTGS2、ESR1、MPK14、PPARG、SIRT1、NOS3、TGFB1、NOS2。KEGG富集分析得到72条通路,根据P值筛选出与乳腺癌相关的前20条,主要涉及PI3K-Akt通路、VEGF通路、p53通路、MAPK通路等。分子对接显示活性成分与核心靶点之间有较好的结合力。研究表明三棱-莪术药对抗乳腺癌具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点,为该药对在临床中的应用提供了理论依据。     

基于网络药理学与体外实验研究清髓消炎汤治疗骨髓炎的作用机制

通过TCMSP和BATMAN-TCM数据库筛选经验方中的中药化合物及作用靶点;通过GeneCards、DRUGBANK、TTD数据库查找骨髓炎疾病相关靶点,取疾病与中药化合物靶点的交集靶点预测清髓消炎汤治疗骨髓炎的潜在靶点.运用Cytoscape软件构建分析“中药-成分-成分作用靶点-疾病靶点”网络图;利用STRING数据库平台分析作用靶点PPI网络;通过DAVID、微生信数据库对作用靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路的富集分析.利用AutoDockTools及PYMOL软件对清髓消炎汤中核心靶点与疾病的核心靶点进行分子对接与体外实验验证清髓消炎汤对骨髓炎常见耐药菌MRSA的抑制,探索清髓消炎汤治疗骨髓炎的作用机制.筛选得到清髓消炎汤中289个成分靶点,骨髓炎有944疾病靶点,得到交集靶点83个.通过网络拓扑学分析得到主要有效成分quercetin、luteolin、fisetin、kaempferol、baicalein、naringenin,主要作用靶点TNF、IL-6、IL-10、STAT3、IL-1β、MAPK14等.主要成分与靶点分子对接结果均为负数,均有很好的自由结合能力.清髓...     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨桂芍镇痫片治疗颞叶癫痫的作用机制

基于网络药理学研究桂芍镇痫片抗颞叶癫痫的作用机制。通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台检索桂芍镇痫片的有效成分和作用靶点，使用Uniprot数据库进行标准基因名转化；通过OMIM,GeneCards和DrugBank数据库检索颞叶癫痫相关的疾病靶点，使用维恩图获得桂芍镇痫片治疗颞叶癫痫的交集靶点；运用Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建药材-成分-靶标网络图，分析核心成分和关键分子靶点；使用基因本体富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书分析靶点的生物学过程和相关通路；使用前三个关键靶点与其对应的前两个核心化合物进行分子对接验证。通过筛选，共获得127个有效成分和46个相关靶点，其中，β-谷甾醇、槲皮素、山柰酚等14个成分发挥核心作用，涉及CALM1、SCN5A、GSK3B等11个关键靶点。抗癫痫作用主要涉及膜电位调节、药物响应等生物学过程，突触后膜和树突等细胞组成，离子通道和钙调蛋白等分子功能，神经活性配体-受体相互作用、尼古丁成瘾等相关通路。分子对接结果显示CALM1、SCN5A、GSK3B三个靶点分别和对应的核心化合物有较好的结合能力。桂芍镇痫片通过减轻氧化损伤和保护神经元，影响离子通道和...     

基于网络药理与分子对接研究百合行治疗认知障碍的机制

为了研究百合治疗认知障碍的作用机制,采用网络药理学方法从TCMSP数据库中筛选出百合的7种主要活性成分及其潜在的465个作用靶点.在GeneCards,OMIM,PharmGkb,CTD,DrugBank数据库中获取认知障碍疾病靶点,然后取百合化学成分与认知障碍靶点两者交集,得到“药物成分—疾病”交集靶点44个.采用Metascape利用STRING数据库,构建交集靶点蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络图,筛选后得到核心靶点与核心成分,其中MAOB（单胺氧化酶B）、CASP3（半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3）、ESR1（雌激素受体）、JUN（1号染色体的基因）、CASP8（天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶8）、CASP9（天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶9）、PGR（类固醇受体基因）、AR（肾上腺素能受体）、SLC6A3（多巴胺转运蛋白基因）、PTGS2（环氧合酶-2）为百合药效成分抗认知障碍作用的关键靶点蛋白.利用DAVID和Metascape平台进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析,采用AutodockVina平台实现分子对接.结果表明,百合的4个活性化合物与10个认知障碍关键核心靶标相关,参与调节的关键信号通路有30条.其中,度值较大的化学成分有豆甾醇、3-去甲秋水仙碱、β-谷甾醇、松香酸;度值较大的靶点蛋白有MAOB,PTGS2,CASP3,CASP9等;主要涉及的通路有神经活动配体—受体相互作用通路、钙离子信号通路、小细胞肺癌通路等.百合治疗认知障碍的作用机制可能是通过抑制单胺氧化酶B的活性,改善认知功能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.