长白山中国林蛙肥满度及体尺指标分析

对长白山中国林蛙的肥满度及体尺指标状况进行了调查分析,结果表明:长白山中国林蛙肥满度的变化范围为6.68～11.83,不同大小、性别的个体肥满度有一定差别,其总体变化规律为幼蛙>雄性成蛙>雌性成蛙.体质量与体长比随体长的增长而增大,最小(体长1.8 cm)0.28 g/cm,最大(体长8.0 cm)5.06 g/cm;雌蛙的体质量水平总体上小于雄蛙,但仅在较小成蛙样本间表现为差异显著.体质量与体长的增长呈幂函数相关,幼蛙、雌性成蛙和雄性成蛙分别具有不同b值(幂指数),其中幼蛙和雄性b<3,雌性成蛙b>3.     

东陂长汀品唇鳅的生长特性

2013年5-9月在北江上游采集到东阪长汀品唇鳅(Pseudogastromyzon(Labigastromyzon)changtingensis tung peiensis Chen et Liang)157尾,对其生长特性进行分析.结果表明,东陂长汀品唇鳅雌性和雄性样本间,体长与体质量的关系存在显著的差异性(P<0.05).雌性样本体长与体质量的关系为W_♀=0.029L~(2.820),为异速生长;雄性为W_♂=0.019L~(3.002),为匀速生长.体长与轮径之间呈线性关系,雌性为y_♀=0.232x_♀+21.52,雄性为y_♂=0.289x_♂+19.28.Von Bertalanffy生长方程雌性为L_t=72.52(1-e~(-0.15(t+2.70)),W_t=7.74(1-e-~(0.15(t+2.70)))~2.820,雄性为L_t=81.34(1-e~(-0.14(t+2.74))),W_t=10.26(1-e~(-0.14(t+2.74))~3.002).东陂长汀品唇鳅拐点年龄分别为雌性4.21龄、雄性5.11龄,在拐点年龄处对应的体长和体质量分别是雌性46.80 mm和2.25 g,雄性54.23 mm和3.04 g.     

长白山头道白河上游北方条鳅种群结构分析

2011年4月中旬至5月下旬,在长白山头道白河上游捕捞北方条鳅样本846尾,对其种群结构进行了分析,结果表明:捕捞群体的体长为2.2～14.6 cm,平均8.8 cm,以10～12 cm体长组和2～4 cm体长组的数量最多,两者所占的比例合计达75.3%,呈明显的双峰型分布格局.雌性和雄性群体的体长组成相似;捕捞群体的总体性比接近1∶1,但不同体长组的性比不同,个体小者(体长小于8 cm)雌性所占比例较低,个体大者(体长大于13 cm)雌性所占比例则明显偏高;春季迁移过程一般是大个体在先,小个体在后.     

北江侧条光唇鱼的个体生殖力

于2007年7月—2009年6月,在北江随机采集侧条光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus parallens)样本358尾,均测量其体长(L)、体质量(W)、净体质量(Wn)和性腺质量(Wo)等生物学指标.从样本中选取卵巢成熟度为IV期的雌性个体73尾,用质量法计数个体绝对生殖力,并对体长相对生殖力(FL)、体质量相对生殖力(FW)进行计算,用5种数学模型及多元回归方程拟合个体生殖力与生物学指标的关系.结果表明:样本由1+~5+龄5个龄组组成;个体绝对生殖力(F)在578~12621粒之间,平均为3303粒,体长相对生殖力在73~908粒/cm之间,平均为282粒/cm,体质量相对生殖力在42~203粒/g之间,平均为87粒/g;个体绝对生殖力及个体体长相对生殖力均与全长、体长、体质量、净体质量、体长体质量复合关系和卵巢质量等呈幂函数相关,两者均与成熟系数和年龄呈指数函数相关,而体质量相对生殖力与各生物学指标相关性不显著.根据生殖力与生物学指标的关系,可以利用体长或体质量预测种群生殖力.根据侧条光唇鱼卵径分布频率特征,初步推测其为分批产卵鱼类.     

广东北江南方拟 个体生殖力初步研究

摘要: 于2008年4月和2009年5月,在北江上游采集成熟度为Ⅳ期的南方拟 雌性样本52尾,用质量法计数个体绝对生殖力(F),计算出体长相对生殖力(FL)、体质量相对生殖力(FW),并用5种数学模型及多元逐步回归方程拟合了个体生殖力与生物学指标的关系．结果表明:南方拟 样本的个体绝对生殖力在1 636～8 579粒之间,平均为5 358粒;体长相对生殖力（FL)在182～547粒/cm,平均为402粒/cm;体质量相对生殖力(FW )在123～235粒/g之间,平均为176粒/g ．个体绝对生殖力与全长、体长、 、鲜质量、净鲜质量呈幂指数关系呈幂函数相关,与卵巢质量、成熟系数、丰满度、年龄呈抛物线相关．多元逐步回归分析表明,个体绝对生殖力与净鲜质量为密切相关,相关式为:F =1 175.472+135.557Wn．     

中华蟾蜍两性异形研究

用采自牡丹江地区的86只(59♀♀,27♂♂)成体中华蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)进行两性异形研究.分别测量头体长、头长、头宽等6个形态特征指标并进行检验.结果表明:中华蟾蜍雌性平均头体长为(70.89±1.69)mm(n=59),雄性的平均头体长为(64.34±1.66)mm(n=27),雄性体长明显小于雌性,雌性头体长与雄性头体长的比值为1.102,且两性头体长存在显著差异.雌雄两性的头长、头宽、前臂及手长、后肢长与胫长等形态学特征均与头体长具有显著相关性.两性的胫长存在显著差异,头长、头宽、前臂及手长、后肢长、胫长随体长的生长速率具有明显差异.     

牛蛙脏体指数的测定及其量化表征间的关系

【目的】测定牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)脏体指数并分析各量化表征间的关系，获取牛蛙的选育指标。【方法】将42只雌性牛蛙和38只雄性牛蛙进行实验解剖并获取体长、体宽、头长、体质量和脏器质量的量化数据后，采用独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、多元回归等统计学方法对牛蛙量化表征间的关系进行分析。【结果】牛蛙各量化表征间的相关系数具有统计学意义(p<0.01)；雄性牛蛙的头长-体长比值与双肺指数均比雌性牛蛙的这两项指标更高，且数据差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.01)；雌性牛蛙的生殖腺指数比雄性牛蛙的该项指标更高，数据差异具有统计学意义(p<0.01)。与雌性牛蛙体质量密切相关的主要量化表征为：体宽、头长、脂肪体质量、生殖腺质量与双肺质量；与雄性牛蛙体质量密切相关的主要量化表征为：体宽、体长、脂肪体质量、心脏质量与双肺质量。【结论】体质量、体长、体宽与头长均可作为牛蛙的选育指标，其中体质量是首选选育指标，体宽则为次选选育指标。     

棘腹蛙的两性异形及雌性繁殖特征

为研究棘腹蛙的两性异形及雌性繁殖特征,测定了采自广西龙胜和贵州凯里棘腹蛙成体的体长、头宽、前肢长、后肢长、足长5项形态学指标及雌体的怀卵数量.用SPSS 20.0统计软件分析测量获得的数据.结果表明:成年雄性棘腹蛙体长、头宽、前肢长、后肢长、足长均值都较雌性棘腹蛙大,棘腹蛙存在显著的两性差异;雌雄两性前肢长、后肢长、足长与体长呈正相关,它们随体长的增长速率在雌雄间无显著差异;雄性体长对雌性体长的比值为1.08,棘腹蛙的两性异形程度为0.075,棘腹蛙怀卵数量与体长呈正相关.表明成年雄性棘腹蛙体长、头宽、前肢长、后肢长、足长均值都较雌性棘腹蛙大,且通过增加个体大小增加繁殖输出.     

粤北南岭无斑肥螈的雌雄异形及雌性繁殖的研究

报道了粤北南岭无斑肥螈(Pachytriton labiatus)的两性异形和雌性繁殖.性成熟两性个体全长、头体长和体重之间差异显著,成年雌体全长、头体长、体重显著大于雄性.成体头长、头宽、尾长没有显著差异.当雌体平均全长大于127.84mm,雄体平均全长大于121.24mm时,卵巢和精巢才开始明显发育.性腺表现出明显的季节性变化,5～8月为卵巢的快速生长期,8、9、10月份卵巢重量平均值最大,12月至翌年1月降为最低值,卵巢可以划分成4个发育时期,产卵盛期在9～10月份.     

粤北地区圈养豹的繁育观察

在圈养的条件下,对粤北地区6头金钱豹（2雄4雌）的繁育行为进行观察.结果表明：雌性金钱豹的性成熟年龄为2.5～3岁,雄性3～3.5岁,一年四季均可发情,发情季节性不是很明显.在人为断奶的情况下,金钱豹一年可产1～3胎,发情交配间隔及怀孕产仔间隔与幼豹人工断奶时间有密切关系.在圈养条件下,金钱豹的孕期约为3个月,与野外观察的约为99 d略有不同.金钱豹的分娩与育幼需要安静的环境,如母豹受到外界因素强烈干扰,可出现弃仔乃至食仔现象.金钱豹初生体重平均为543.9 g,雄性幼兽出生体重略重于雌性,且在15～30 d内体重与体长的增长也优于雌性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that