基于因素敏感性水平的边际油田开发模糊风险分析

海上油田开发投资大时间长,并伴随着相当大的不确定性和风险．尤其是边际油田的开发,其投资风险更不容忽视．分析了海上油田开发的不确定性因素,在敏感性分析的基础上,定义了不确定性参数对评价指标的敏感度．利用模糊风险分析,确定了方案的风险度,对开发方案的风险程度进行了定量分析,为方案的选择提供了决策依据．对某一海上边际油田的开发进行了示例分析,计算结果表明,边际油田的开发具有很高的风险,而投资费用、石油价格以及可采储量的不确定性是引起开发风险的主要因素．     

一种水驱开发效果评价方法在辽河油田的应用

针对辽河油区不同类型注水开发油藏的地质特征、开发特点和评价指标分析 ,利用灰色系统理论 ,建立了油藏水驱开发效果的综合评价参数和指标 ,对不同类型油田的开发效果进行了综合评价 ,对不同开发效果的水驱开发油田提出了开发调整建议 ,为该区油田开发决策和改善油田开发效果提供了依据 .     

面向评价者的投资环境评价方法

现时的投资环境评价方法评价投资环境时没有考虑不同评价者的不同需要．提出面向评价者的投资环境评价方法,它按一定的标准来灵活确定影响因素指标体系,综合考虑投资环境预测评价和投资环境后评价、投资者的风险类型及风险与效用的关系等因素,可以更好地为投资者的投资决策和各地区投资环境优化提供指导．     

用密切值法优选油田开发方案

为了对油田开发方案进行多因素分析,采用密切值法建立了油田开发方案优选的综合评价指标体系,并针对各影响因素的相对重要性赋予一定权值。实例分析表明,该方法计算简单,可靠。     

灰色关联分析在大庆外围油田储层评价中的应用

大庆外围油田储层为低渗透、非均质性强、伴有裂缝发育的储层,因而其储层评价是一个复杂的、多重因素参与的评价过程.利用灰色关联分析对10个储层地质和开发参数进行定量评价,确定权重系数和综合评价招标,从综合的角度分析各个参与评价的参数,确定了适合低渗透裂缝储层特征的定量分类方法,可以有效指导低渗透油田的开发调整.     

油田水驱开发效果评价与预警模型研究

为确保油田水驱开发的科学与高效发展,建立油田水驱开发效果评价与预警管理机制非常必要。采用层次分析和模糊综合评判对油田水驱开发效果进行综合评价,在综合评价的基础上,设计基于人工神经网络的油田水驱开发效果预警模型,并结合算例对模型进行验证。模型与实际吻合较好。     

模糊综合评价法在低渗透油田开发决策中的应用

为了对我国主要低渗透油田进行综合评价,确定开发顺序,通过建立低渗透油田评价指标体系,利用模糊综合评价方法构建模糊隶属度矩阵,在对各油田单项指标评价的基础上,得到各个油田的模糊综合评价值,评价值高的低渗透油田优先开发,从而确定今后的勘探开发顺序.对我国8个低渗透油田进行了实证分析和测算,评价的最终结果是可行和有效的.     

陈堡油田断层封闭性模糊综合评价

断层封闭性问题受多种地质因素的影响和控制.以陈堡油田为例,提取多种影响断层封闭性的主控因素,应用改进的模糊综合评判方法对断层的封闭性进行评价,在各因素权重系数的求取过程中应用权的最小平方法,避开了一致性检验.评价结果表明该油田主要断层封闭性评价是可靠的,为下一步勘探开发提供了科学依据.     

油田开发投资决策分析

本文提出了一套油田开发投资决策分析方法,其内容包括:油田开发投资效果评价指标体系;不同类型指标的统一计量方法;评价指标的加权,综合效果的计算方法,文中还给出了一个实例。     

耗散结构理论在房地产项目管理中的应用研究

首先,运用专家意见综合评分法对房地产项目风险进行了定量评价,找出了10项风险因素并分别计算了风险权重.然后,运用耗散结构理论将这些风险因素和权重值分别作为影响房地产项目耗散结构形成的熵流因素和因素权重,通过建立并分析项目管理耗散结构模型,提出项目管理熵流管理策略思想,同时根据风险权重的分析计算和熵流因素的排名高低,得出了在房地产开发项目管理中的一些有益启示.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.