核黄素诱导番茄抗病性与Pti蛋白激酶基因表达

研究了核黄素诱导番茄对丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种（Pseudom onas syringaepv.tomato）的抗性及相关防卫反应.核黄素诱导处理后,番茄对P.syringaepv.tomato的抗性增强,蛋白激酶基因Pti4,Pti5,Pti6和抗病防卫基因PR-1a,GluA,GluB,ChtA,ChtB表达量提高,水杨酸含量明显升高.蛋白激酶抑制剂K252 a可以部分抑制这些基因的表达,取消核黄素对水杨酸的诱导作用,可减弱诱导抗病性的程度.这些结果表明,核黄素诱导的抗病性受植物细胞内多种信号传导因子控制.     

油菜一个WRKY基因对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的表达响应

以抗性不同的3个油菜品系为材料,半定量RT_RCR方法检测油菜叶片WRKY转录因子家族的BnD11基因在高盐和干旱胁迫下的表达情况.高盐和干旱胁迫6 h后BnD11基因表达量即有明显调高,在抗性最强的‘862'品系中表达量增加幅度最高,而在抗性最弱的‘1821'品系中表达量增加幅度最少.结果表明BnD11基因表达量与油菜品系抗性强度具有明显正相关性,可能在油菜抗(耐)盐和干旱的生理过程中具有重要作用.     

高温对本氏烟抗病毒机制影响的研究

为探究温度和植物抗性的相互作用,本研究对本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana, Nb)被芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus, TuMV)侵染后在不同温度下的表现进行实验,通过分子研究手段测定了温度对植物抗病毒能力的影响.结果显示,与常温(23°C)处理相比,病毒侵染在高温(30°C)处理下被抑制;且高温处理下水杨酸羟化酶(NahG)转基因烟草更显著.进一步检测表明,高温能够显著提高NahG烟草中抗氧化酶的活性.在侵染后期,高温促使染病植株中茉莉酸(Jasmonic acid, JA)相关基因表达显著上调.同时,RNA沉默相关基因的表达量在高温处理下的NahG烟草中均上调.上述结果表明,高温通过刺激RNA沉默及相关抗逆激素途径提高了植株对病毒的抗性.     

利用人内皮抑素基因构建植物表达载体及对烟草的遗传转化

将人内皮抑素(endostatin)基因重组于植物双元表达载体pGA 643,得到重组质粒pGE.用三亲融合法将其导入农杆菌LBA 4404中,采用叶盘法转化烟草,经诱导与筛选,获得了卡那霉素抗性植株.提取抗性植株总DNA,通过PCR扩增和Sou thern杂交检测,筛选出了整合有外源基因的转化植株.为进一步研究人内皮抑素在烟草中的表达及生物学功能奠定了基础.     

麻疯树JcCBF3基因的克隆及其抗寒功能初探

从麻疯树中克隆到一个CBF3基因,命名为JcCBF3,ORF全长678bp,编码225个氨基酸;氨基酸序列同源性比对结果显示JcCBF3与其他物种CBF序列具有较高的同源性,与木薯和橡胶树的相似度最高,达到79%和74%.RT-qPCR结果表明低温胁迫12h后JcCBF3基因的表达量达到峰值,为对照的62倍.将JcCBF3构建到植物过表达载体pBI121上并成功转化烟草.低温处理下转基因烟草幼苗的游离脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性的增幅均大于野生型烟草,并且JcCBF3基因的过表达增强了含有CRT/DRE元件的下游抗性基因的表达.     

利用番茄U3snRNA基因上游启动区构建植物表达载体及对烟草的转化

利用番茄U3snRNA基因上游启动区和ACC合成酶反义RNA-核酶嵌合基因DNA片段,构建含U3snRNA基因上游启动区-ACC合成酶的反义RNA-核酶嵌合序列的表达载体,重组于植物双元表达载体pGA643中,得到pGU3R.用三亲融合法导入农杆菌LBA4404中,采用叶盘法转化烟草,诱导再生小植株,获得了卡那霉素的抗性植株.提取抗性植株总DNA,通过PCR、PCRSouthern杂交检测并分别用启动区序列和ACC合成酶的反义RNA-核酶嵌合序列作探针,通过Southern杂交检测,已筛选出整合有外源基因的转化植株.为进一步研究U3snRNA上游启动区增强反义RNA-核酶基因的表达奠定了基础.     

烟草新驱动蛋白NtTKR过表达对酵母生长的影响

为了解烟草新驱动蛋白NtTKR功能信息,构建了EGFP融合的NtTKR基因酵母表达载体并转入酿酒酵母W303诱导表达,荧光显微镜观察结果表明,诱导条件下的转化细胞发出明亮的绿色荧光,表明转入的NtTKR得到了高效表达.转化株在诱导和非诱导条件下培养3d,可见NtTKR过表达菌落比对照小的多;但通过绘制8h内生长曲线发现二者细胞数目无显著差别;表明NtTKR过表达对酵母细胞生长的抑制可能更多的是因为抑制其体积增大,而非分裂速度减慢引起的细胞数目降低.已知NtTKR在烟草受精卵、发育各个时期的胚、幼叶、根尖及茎尖等细胞分裂旺盛部位均优势表达,推测该基因在烟草中可能与上述各部位新生细胞的体积增大相关.     

水杨酸对水分胁迫下小麦根交替途径的影响

研究了水杨酸(SA)处理对水分胁迫下小麦抗氰交替途径容量(Valt)、实际运行活性(ρValt)与交替氧化酶AOX表达量的影响. 结果表明：未经SA处理的小麦在胁迫与非胁迫的条件下均存在抗氰呼吸, 水分胁迫可使小麦呼吸活性及基因转录水平下降. 水杨酸可以缓解水分胁迫的影响,增加抗氰交替途径活性,使Valt与ρValt显著提高,SA对小麦氰呼吸起到了诱导作用. Western杂交分析结果显示,小麦在不同处理下Valt与ρValt的差异与AOX蛋白水平的变化相关, 水杨酸(SA)处理时AOX的表达量     

水稻组蛋白单泛素化连接酶基因(OsHUB1)的克隆及其表达分析

对模式植物拟南芥的研究发现,AtHUB1基因参与调控植物对灰霉病的抗性.为了研究水稻的抗病机理,笔者利用同源搜索从水稻数据库中获得了目标基因的序列,并通过RT-PCR技术从水稻中克隆了组蛋白单泛素化连接酶基因,命名为OsHUB1.该片段包含1个2 655 bp的开放阅读框,编码了1个885氨基酸的多肽.与NCBI数据库的比对结果表明:OsHUB1的氨基酸序列与短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)、葡萄(Vitis vinifera)、杨树(Populus tomentosa)、大豆(Glycine max)和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的泛素E3连接酶的同源性分别为78%,68%,68%,67%和62%.这些不同来源的组蛋白单泛素化连接酶都含有一个高度保守的RING指结构域.半定量表达分析结果表明:OsHUB1基因能够被水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)诱导表达,说明OsHUB1基因可能通过SA和JA介导的信号转导途径参与水稻的抗病反应.     

海岛棉GbRar1和GbSgt1基因的过量表达提高烟草离体叶片对赤星病的抗性

RAR1 和 SGT1 是两个植物抗病蛋白 (R) 防卫反应的信号元件,在 R 蛋白下游和活性氧产生之间发挥作用. 利用简并引物 PCR 及3′RACE 等技术,克隆了海岛棉 GbRAR1 和 GbSGT1的编码基因. Northern blot 表明,海岛棉GbRar1和GbSgt1基因在转录水平上受棉花黄萎病菌的诱导,诱导后 mRNA 表达量显著增加. 构建组成型植物表达载体 pRar 和 pSgt,分别转化烟草品种 NC89. 离体叶片抗病性鉴定表明,两类转基因烟草对赤星病的抗性明显提高,为植物防卫反应信号元件RAR1 和 SGT1在广谱抗病基因工程中的应用提供了实验证据.     

Functional analysis of cis-acting sequences regulating root-specific expression in transgenic tobacco

Two different length fragments, RSF1 and RSF2 which contained the cis-acting sequences of root-spe- cific gene TobRB7, were isolated from tobacco genome. The abilities of these fragments to direct root-specific expression were studied by fusing them to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) report gene with different directions. After the recombined vectors were transformed into tobacco, the expression pattern was performed by histochemical staining and the quantitative analysis of GUS activity. The data suggested that the cis-acting element of TobRB7 gene direct GUS expression not only as root-specific but also as bidirectional. In our studies, the short fragment, RSF2, performed stronger activity than RSF1 with any direction. The stronger activity of GUS expression was determined by reverse inserting of RSF1 or RSF2 than positive inserting.     

一种新型基因枪的研究

为研制一种适应各种场合 ,尤其是在野外操作的基因枪 ,满足将目的基因导入动植物细胞 ,使之稳定表达并遗传 ,实现培育或改良新的优良品种。以压缩弹簧为动力 ,运用撞击发射原理 ,对裹着基因的微粒进行加速 ,使之获得足够的动能 ,去射击靶细胞。弹簧预压力不同 ,微弹的动能随之不同 ,可适应不同细胞的要求。利用所设计的装置 ,在常压下将GUS基因导入番茄叶片细胞 ,经检测 ,得到表达 ;将质粒psv- luc2 0转入小鼠的皮肤、腹部肌肉和肝脏内 ,也得到表达。实验表明 ,该构思是可行的 ,实验装置可以在常压下操作 ,能在各种条件下使用     

Functional analysis of cis-acting sequences regulating root-specific expression in transgenic tobacco

Two different length fragments, RSF1 and RSF2 which contained the cis-acting sequences of root-specific gene TobRB7, were isolated from tobacco genome. The abilities of these fragments to direct root-specific expression were studied by fusing them to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) report gene with different directions. After the recombined vectors were transformed into tobacco, the expression pattern was performed by histochemical staining and the quantitative analysis of GUS activity. The data suggested that the cis-acting element of TobRB7 gene direct GUS expression not only as root-specific but also as bidirectional. In our studies, the short fragment, RSF2, performed stronger activity than RSF1 with any direction. The stronger activity of GUS expression was determined by reverse inserting of RSF1 or RSF2 than positive inserting.     

Evaluation of transgenic tobacco expressing two insecticidal genes to delay resistance development ofHelicoverpa armigera

The resistance ratio ofHelicoverpa armigera to Cry1 Ac insecticidal protein fromBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is 13.1- and 3.02-fold after 18 generations of selection by transgenic tobacco expressing Bt or two (Bt and CpTI) insecticidal protein genes, in which the average corrected mortality for each selection treatments is about 60%. The mortality of selected population by transgenic Bt gene tobacco is significantly lower than the control strain when fed on transgenic tobacco plants. The mortaltty of the selected population by transgenic two genes tobacco was not significantly different from the control strain. This is the first experiment under laboratory condition which has proved that transgenic two genes tobacco could significantly delay resistance development ofH. armigera compared with one gene.     

Analysis of Salicylic Acid Induced Proteins in Rice

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Gene expression profiling related to powdery mildew resistance in wheat with the method of suppression subtractive hybridization

“Bainong 3217 × Mardler” BC₅F₄ wheat line at the initial stage of inoculation with powdery mildew pathogen (Erysiphe graminis DC) was used to construct a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library. Totally 760 ESTs were obtained through sequencing. Similarity analysis of ESTs based on BLASTn and BLASTx with the sequences in GenBank, in combination with macroarray differential screening, revealed that 199 ESTs of 65 kinds were known to be functionally disease resistance related. Based on the gene expression profiling in the present study, it is postulated that salicylic acid (SA) and MAP-related signal transduction pathways were involved in powdery mildew resistance in wheat. System acquired resistance genes were predominant in terms of kinds and quantity. With the initiation of cell defense reaction, the genes conferring anti-oxidation substances were largely expressed and thus cell protection mechanism was activated. Much evidence revealed that phenylpropanes metabolic pathway was involved in phytoalexin synthesis in wheat powdery mildew resistance. Genes conferring some enzymes of structural modification of cell walls and proteinase inhibitors inhibiting pathogen growth were also detected. The genes controlling a few proteinases (mainly cysteine proteinase) had a considerable redundancy of expression.     

Two protein-binding sites in chromatin implicated in the activation of heat-shock genes

The resistance to exonuclease digestion of two regions of chromatin at the 5' end of heat-shock genes in Drosophila implies they have protein bound to them. The pattern of resistance before and after induction of gene expression suggests that heat-shock genes are activated by the sequential binding of at least two protein factors.     

Bacterial disease resistance in Arabidopsis through flagellin perception

Plants and animals recognize microbial invaders by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as flagellin. However, the importance of flagellin perception for disease resistance has, until now, not been demonstrated. Here we show that treatment of plants with flg22, a peptide representing the elicitor-active epitope of flagellin, induces the expression of numerous defence-related genes and triggers resistance to pathogenic bacteria in wild-type plants, but not in plants carrying mutations in the flagellin receptor gene FLS2. This induced resistance seems to be independent of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling. Wild-type and fls2 mutants both display enhanced resistance when treated with crude bacterial extracts, even devoid of elicitor-active flagellin, indicating the existence of functional perception systems for PAMPs other than flagellin. Although fls2 mutant plants are as susceptible as the wild type when bacteria are infiltrated into leaves, they are more susceptible to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 when it is sprayed on the leaf surface. Thus, flagellin perception restricts bacterial invasion, probably at an early step, and contributes to the plant's disease resistance.     

白桦BpGT14基因表达模式及对非生物 胁迫诱导的响应

为了揭示BpGT14基因的分子结构特征,明确糖基转移酶BpGT14基因的表达模式及其对非生物胁迫的响应机制,初步探索其在白桦生长发育中的功能,在克隆白桦GT14基因全长序列的基础上,利用生物信息学对其理化性质进行了分析,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析BpGT14基因在野生白桦植株雄花序、木质部、韧皮部及叶片4个不同部位不同月份的表达差异; 同时,选用白桦茎段悬浮细胞进行了水杨酸(SA)、盐胁迫(NaCl)、重金属镉(CdCl₂)及4℃低温非生物胁迫处理,检测目的基因对逆境的响应情况。研究结果表明,BpGT14基因开放阅读框为1 302 bp,编码433个氨基酸。分析其氨基酸序列发现,该蛋白含有乙酰氨基葡糖转移酶结构域,属于14家族的重要结构域。该蛋白与其他物种GT14蛋白比对分析表明,这些蛋白在100—350氨基酸区域内保守性较高,而且该基因与毛果杨的GT14家族基因同源性高达79%。不同部位不同月份的表达模式分析结果表明,BpGT14基因的表达具有部位及时间特异性,其各部位表达量均与月份相关,同时发现其在木质部、韧皮部及叶片中的表达量较高,而在雄花序中表达量较低。非生物胁迫处理结果显示,BpGT14基因对不同处理均产生响应,但其响应模式不尽相同:SA、CdCl₂及低温处理结果显示,处理初期(6 h)目的基因上调表达,6 h处理时分别达到了对照组的51.2、48.9及3.3倍,24 h后相对表达量与对照组相比均下调,只有低温处理在96 h恢复上调表达; NaCl处理使白桦BpGT14基因的表达量全部呈现下调趋势,24 h处理后,BpGT14基因表达量下调明显,24 h后比对照组降低了93.7%。