短包隐蔽通信下抗检测-干扰式攻击策略

为应对潜在的检测-干扰式恶意攻击,提出了一种基于短包隐蔽通信的抗检测-干扰攻击策略,通过隐藏无线传输行为的存在来实现抗干扰。考虑到干扰机采用Shewhart变点检测实时判断源节点的传输行为,当判决源节点正在传输数据包后启动人工干扰。为隐藏无线传输行为,源节点随机选择一个起始时刻以低功率、低速率传输有限长编码数据包。数据包发送功率越小、编码长度越短,隐蔽性越强,抗检测-干扰式攻击性能越好,但发送功率小和编码长度短使得接收端数据包译码错误概率较大。以有效传输速率最大为目标对数据包发送功率和编码长度进行优化设计。结果表明,存在最优的发送功率和编码长度使系统在传输隐蔽性和可靠性之间取得最优折衷。数值仿真结果验证了理论分析,证明了所提方案的有效性以及优化数据包编码长度和发送功率的必要性。     

基于网络连接统计的分布式拒绝服务攻击检测

分析了分布式拒绝服务(D istributed D en ial of Serv ice,DDoS)攻击原理及其攻击特征,提出了一种基于网络连接统计的DDoS攻击检测方法。该方法利用DDoS攻击的固有特性,从网络连接数据的统计分析中探寻系统正常行为的特征分布,建立DDoS攻击检测模型。通过模拟攻击实验验证了检测方法的可行性。实验结果表明:该方法能快速有效地实现对DDoS攻击的检测,并对其他网络安全检测研究具有一定的指导意义。     

基于软件定义网络的DDoS攻击检测方案

分布式拒绝服务(distributed denial-of-service,DDoS)攻击是网络中的常见威胁,攻击者通过向受害服务器发送大量无用请求使正常用户无法访问服务器,DDoS逐渐成为软件定义网络(software-defined networking,SDN)的重大安全隐患。针对SDN中DDoS攻击检测问题,提出了一种粗粒度与细粒度相结合的检测方案,使用队列论及条件熵作为到达流的粗粒度检测模块,使用机器学习作为细粒度检测模块,从合法包中准确检测出恶意流量。实验表明,在使用Mininet模拟SDN网络的环境中,方案可准确检测出DDoS攻击。     

基于CUSUM的自适应攻击检测

为了能够快速发现DDoS攻击,尽量减小或避免其危害,基于CUSUM算法,以发送和接收数据包数量比例为特征量,提出一种快速的DDoS攻击检测算法.并通过动态调整期望值和警告阀值,使算法具有更好的适应性,能够运用于不同的网络环境.最后通过实验对算法进行验证.     

基于主机拥塞量化的DDoS攻击源端检测

DDoS攻击以其攻击操作简单、隐蔽性强、攻击危害大的特点成为最常用的攻击技术之一。DDoS攻击通过多个攻击跳板同时向目标主机发起攻击,耗尽目标主机的资源,使其无法向合法用户提供服务。这种攻击极大地影响了网络和业务主机系统的有效服务,对网络安全和信息可用性造成了严重的威胁。针对这种攻击已有的应对策略从攻击源追踪、提出解决方案。     

基于优先级队列的DDoS攻击防御方案设计

为了避免网络正常用户遭受分布式拒绝服务攻击,提出了一种基于优先级队列的抵御DDoS攻击的自适应调整方案。采用带宽分配策略把合法数据包以及可疑数据包分别分配到高优先级队列和低优先级队列,以保证正常用户的服务质量。通过实验部署进行仿真设计,将基于优先级队列的DDoS攻击防御方案与基于传统去尾模式的DDoS攻击防御方案进行比较,证明改进的方案可以有效地减少来自DoS和DDoS攻击的恶意数据包流量,能为合法用户发送数据包提供平稳的带宽。     

基于LSTM流量预测的DDoS攻击检测方法

提出一种基于长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络流量预测的分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击检测方法.首先定义了IP数据包统计特征(IPDCF)来表征网络流特征,然后采用LSTM神经网络模型对IPDCF时间序列进行建模,且使用网格搜索和超参数最优法确定Dropout的值以缓解该模型的过拟合现象,最后建立基于IPDCF时间序列的LSTM模型来识别DDoS攻击.实验结果表明:该模型能够准确地预测正常网络流量变化趋势,识别DDoS攻击引起的异常;与同类方法相比,该方法能较早地检测DDoS攻击且漏报率和误报率更低.     

基于BP神经网络的DDoS攻击检测研究

分布式拒绝服务攻击(DDoS)是如今常见的网络威胁之一,DDoS攻击易被发动却很难追踪与防范.在神经网络快速算法基础上,首先系统分析国内外DDoS攻击检测理论、方法与大量数据集,构建了基于数据包长度,数据包发送时间间隔以及数据包长度变化率等六项特征的攻击流量特征模型;其次通过大量尝试提出对神经网络误差调整参数进行优化的方法;最后基于加州大学洛杉矶分校数据集(UCLA CSD Packet Traces)进行了参数改进前后的攻击检测对比实验.实验表明,本文提出的方法能有效提高DDoS攻击检测率,且具有较好的泛化能力.     

用于DDoS攻击检测的自相似网络流量生成

由于DDoS攻击会破坏或者影响网络正常流量的自相似特性,据此来检测DDoS攻击是一种行之有效的方法;然而如何生成网络正常流量,是DDoS攻击检测的一个关键部分.描述了一种生成自相似网络流量的方法,并运用该方法实现了生成自相似网络流量的网络流量模拟子系统,解决了DDoS攻击检测所需的正常流量问题.     

状态防火墙受攻击导致状态表溢出故障的解决

网络防火墙的状态检测就是针对连接请求的数据包,检查连接实体其是否符合TCP/IP 协议的状态转换规则,相符则接收数据.DoS/DDoS攻击通过在短时间内发送大量短小的数据包给防火墙,造成状态表被填满而拒绝接收新的连接,导致产生拒绝服务攻击.传统的解决方案往往增加防火墙的负担.针对网络上常见的流量型DoS/DDoS攻击造成的状态防火墙状态表溢出故障提供一种应急解决方案.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to