具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

高频数据下基于LSTM的协方差矩阵预测模型

协方差矩阵的建模与预测,对于金融风险管理、投资组合管理等至关重要。 针对时间序列模型 对高维变量预测精度较低的问题,利用长短记忆神经网络模型(LSTM),提出了基于深度学习的高频数据已 实现协方差矩阵预测模型。 利用金融高频数据得到已实现协方差矩阵,对其进行 DRD 分解,针对相关系数 矩阵 R 进行向量化处理,利用向量异质自回归模型(HAR)预测已实现相关系数矩阵 R;针对已实现波动率 矩阵 D,利用半协方差(semi covariance)思想,结合 LSTM 模型,得到已实现波动率矩阵 D 的深度学习预测模 型,构建了 LSTM-SDRD-HAR 已实现协方差矩阵动态预测模型。 LSTM 模型和 HAR 模型能捕捉实际数据 的长期记忆性,半协方差有利于捕捉金融数据的杠杆性。 实证分析表明:相较于传统向量 HAR 已实现协方 差矩阵预测模型,LSTM-SDRD-HAR 预测已实现协方差矩阵更为准确,基于 LSTM-SDRD-HAR 预测已实现 协方差矩阵构造的有效前沿组合投资效果更佳。     

竞赛矩阵的分析及其应用

在传统的竞赛矩阵理论基础上进行扩展,建立一种基于强连通竞赛图和竞赛矩阵的分析模型.讨论以篮球比赛为模型的篮球竞赛图,采用该模型计算比赛得分,对双循环的竞赛进行了排名.结果证明了该分析模型的合理性,当比赛对应的竞赛图为强连通时,用相应的竞赛矩阵理论进行排名,可以克服传统的竞赛矩阵理论只用于单循环赛事排名的局限性,适合更广泛的赛制.     

快速可重组制造系统的可诊断性设计原理

为保证快速可重组制造系统的工作质量 ,给出了其可诊断性的定义 ,在快速可重组制造系统结构模型的基础上提出了系统运行过程中的可诊断性的概率模型和矩阵模型 ,根据矩阵模型得出保证快速可重组制造系统具有完全可诊断性时系数矩阵应为满秩矩阵 ,并进行了论证。实践证明这个方法能快速地用于快速重组系统的可诊断性估计     

用户并发访问过程的系统负载分析模型

构建了用户并发访问过程的系统负载分析模型.首先建立用户与应用的对应关系及访问权限矩阵,作为原始数据模型;然后按每个用户并发访问应用的次数建立访问频度矩阵.在访问频度矩阵中增加负载因子,生成系统负载矩阵,即分析模型,并分别以用户和应用为主线进行了相应的量化分析,最后用实例验证了模型的有效性.     

采用矩阵分解模型的托攻击防御算法

提出一种基于矩阵分解模型的托攻击防御算法框架.首先,利用托攻击检测技术,度量用户是托用户的概率,并以此构造信任度权值矩阵;然后,将此权值矩阵引入到矩阵分解模型,以降低托用户攻击行为的影响;最后,通过求解新模型实现对用户评分的预测.实验结果表明:这类算法与其他协同过滤算法相比较,能够更有效地抵御托攻击.     

基于潜在因子多样性的非负矩阵分解协同过滤模型

基于非负矩阵分解的协同过滤模型在高维稀疏数据的预测和填补上十分有效，该模型具有推荐个性化、有效利用其他相似用户回馈信息的优点，但也存在预测精度较低等不足。针对用户或项目在不同情景下的评分差异性，提出了一种改进的基于潜在因子多样性的非负矩阵分解的协同过滤模型。该模型充分考虑在不同情境下，用户和项目潜在特征矩阵的多样性，在模型的训练中，采用了单元素非负乘法更新规则和交替方向法，保证了目标矩阵的非负性，且提高了模型的收敛率。在真实的工业数据集上的实验结果表明，相比于经典的非负矩阵分解模型，该模型的预测精度有了明显提高。     

煤层气解吸扩散渗流模型研究进展

对煤储层基质孔隙分类、煤储层中气水变化特征、基质孔隙中甲烷的动力学行为、煤层气解吸模型、扩散模型、渗流模型和产气模型进行了综述和评论．认为煤层气生产过程吸附气变为解吸气．少量的解吸气溶解并在储层孔隙水中扩散．大量的解吸气聚集成泡和成柱并在煤基质孔隙中的非达西渗流、自由气从煤基质孔隙至割理．裂隙系统的窜流、自由气从煤基质孔隙至井筒的非达西渗流（仅限低煤阶）、及自由气从割理．裂隙系统至井筒的达西渗流过程．可为煤层气开发提供理论依据,为煤层气数值模拟提供理论基础,对煤层气产气规律的认识具有指导意义．     

平方慢度射线追踪与非线性地震走时层析成像

重建地下速度分布是一个非线性问题。文章采用平方慢度模型解析计算地震射线传播路径，就模型参数值在网格节点上的情形，可形成一个非负矩阵，这类似单元模型的路径长度矩阵。利用非负矩阵的性质，通过对特殊广义本征问题的分析，引出了一般最小二乘解的“自然权”矩阵，并将正则化解约束在总走时为常数的超平面上。     

对称加权算法对数据矩阵补全的优化研究

数据分析中存在数据集矩阵缺失,可用数据矩阵补全缺失数据元素,高效的补全数据矩阵算法可从算法精度等方面优化提升.为此提出对称加权(SW)算法,首先,根据通用的矩阵补全模型,用正则化方法进行低秩矩阵分解补全;其次,对分解后的矩阵因子用共同的对称矩阵加权,得到新的矩阵补全模型和正则化加权函数;最后,结合块坐标下降和交替最小二乘法优化算法,迭代得到目标函数最优解,获得数据补全的最优补全矩阵.仿真结果表明,与APALM,IRSVF和IRNN算法相比,对称加权算法在数据矩阵补全的精度和算法收敛速度方面均有较好提升.     

强一致性区间数判断矩阵性质和排序

 研究了区间数判断矩阵的性质及排序问题。介绍了强一致性区间数判断矩阵、标准化区间数向量等概念;提出求解强一致性区间数判断矩阵排序向量的线性规划模型,并证明了所求排序向量是标准化区间数排序向量。在此基础上给出强一致性区间数判断矩阵的等价条件,进一步提出基于非线性规划模型的强一致性区间数判断矩阵的排序方法,最后通过实例验证了所提出的方法也适用于一致性区间数判断矩阵及满意一致性区间数判断矩阵。