耳针对脑缺血后睡眠剥夺大鼠下丘脑单胺类神经递质和细胞因子IL-1β的影响

目的:通过观察耳针对脑缺血后睡眠剥夺大鼠下丘脑单胺类神经递质和细胞因子IL-1β的影响,探讨耳针治疗卒中后失眠的作用机制.方法:取SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠,用Zea Logna等报道的大脑中动脉栓线法(MCAO)制备大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注模型,模型成功后将动物随机分为对照组、模型组、安定组和耳针组4组,再对除对照组外的其他3组动物腹腔注射对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)造成脑缺血后睡眠剥夺大鼠模型,安定组每日腹腔注射安定,耳针组取耳穴神门(TF4)进行皮内针埋藏,均连续治疗7 d.采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测下丘脑单胺类神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟引哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量.结果:与对照组相比模型组大鼠下丘脑5-HT、5-HIAA和IL-1β含量减低(P0.05),DA、NE含量显著升高(P0.01);与模型组相比安定组与耳针组大鼠下丘脑5-HT和IL-1β含量显著升高(P0.01),DA、NE含量显著降低(P0.01).结论:耳针治疗卒中后失眠可能通过提高机体下丘脑5-HT、5-HIAA及细胞因子IL-1β含量,降低NE和DA的含量以调节和改善睡眠.     

大鼠游泳训练对脑组织5-HT分解代谢的影响

为观察游泳训练对大鼠下丘脑、纹状体5-羟色胺（5-HT）及其分解代谢物5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）的影响,本研究采用荧光光度法测定了不同游泳训练和水环境及安静时大鼠下丘脑和纹状体5-HT和5-HIAA水平.结果表明,与安静组相比,除游泳训练组和一次水环境组大鼠下丘脑中5-HT有升高趋势外,其余各组升高显著;除一次水环境组较安静组大鼠纹状体中5-HT有升高趋势外,其余各组5-HT都显著升高;一次游泳组和游泳训练24h恢复组大鼠下丘脑5-HIAA较安静组有下降趋势,其余各组有升高趋势;除长期水环境组大鼠纹状体5-HIAA较安静组有升高趋势外,其余各组都显著升高.提示,经过游泳训练可使脑内的5-HT和5-HIAA有所提高,说明训练有助于脑机能的改善和加快运动后的恢复,并可一定程度提高脑组织神经活动的稳定性和对运动的适应性,5-HT可能是运动性中枢疲劳较为敏感的神经介质.     

不同穴位处方麦粒灸对失眠大鼠下丘脑单胺类神经递质的影响

目的:观察不同穴位处方麦粒灸对失眠大鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)质量分数的变化,探讨麦粒灸治疗失眠症的作用机理.方法:将SD大鼠36只随机分为6组即对照组、模型组、安定组、麦粒灸1组(取百会、神道、心俞穴),麦粒灸2组(取三阴交、神门穴),麦粒灸3组(取申脉、照海穴),模型组以腹腔注射对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)建立大鼠失眠模型,安定组给予腹腔注射安定,麦粒灸各组分别按穴位给予麦粒灸治疗,每组连续治疗6 d后检测大鼠下丘脑5-HT、5-HIAA、NE、DA的变化.结果:模型组5-HT和5-HIAA质量分数明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);麦粒灸各组5-HT、5-HIAA明显升高,NE、DA明显降低,与模型组和安定组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);麦粒灸各组之间比较,麦粒灸2组优于麦粒灸1组(P＜0.05),麦粒灸3组与麦粒灸1组、麦粒灸2组比较均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:麦粒灸可能是通过提高失眠大鼠下丘脑5-HT、5-HIAA质量分数,降低NE、DA质量分数而改善睡眠;麦粒灸2组作用优于麦粒灸1组,说明取三阴交、神门穴治疗失眠症疗效更好.     

6-羟基多巴胺所致急性帕金森病大鼠模型的复制

采用6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)纹状体内注射法制作急性帕金森病大鼠模型,为抗帕金森病药物的快速药效学研究提供新的方法.方法10只大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组.给对照组大鼠脑纹状体内注射等量生理盐水、模型组同一部位注射6-OHDA 4μL(12μg/4μL)制作大鼠多巴胺(DA)能神经元损伤的急性模型,术后第7d进行微透析试验,将透析液注入高效液相一电化学检测器(HPLC-ECD)测定各组纹状体细胞外液中DA、3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPA C)和高香草酸(HVA)的含量.结果与对照组相比,模型组动物纹状体细胞外液中DA、DOPAC和 HVA含量均显著性降低,具有统计学差异(P<0.05,P<0.01或P<0.001).采用6-OHDA纹状体内注射法可以复制急性帕金森病大鼠模型.     

五参胶囊镇静催眠作用及其机制的实验研究

目的观察五参胶囊(Wu Shen Capsules,WSh C)对小鼠镇静催眠作用的影响,并探讨其作用机制.方法将ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、五参胶囊高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组.五参胶囊高剂量组用药量为200 mg/(kg·d~(-1)),中剂量组用药量为100 mg/(kg·d~(-1)),低剂量组用药量为50 mg/(kg·d~(-1)),给药时间为15 d,于给药结束后进行小鼠自主活动实验和协同戊巴比妥钠阈上剂量睡眠时间实验,测定5 min内各组小鼠的活动次数和站立次数,记录各组小鼠的睡眠潜伏期和睡眠持续时间.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测小鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺(5-Hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid,5-HIAA)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)、谷氨酸(glutamine,Glu)含量,并计算5-HIAA/5-HT比值及Glu/GABA比值.结果与对照组比较,WSh C各给药组小鼠活动次数减少,睡眠潜伏期缩短,睡眠持续时间延长(P0.01),WSh C能升高小鼠下丘脑5-HIAA含量和5-HIAA/5-HT比值,降低Glu含量和Glu/GABA比值.结论 WSh C具有明显镇静催眠作用,其机制可能与调节中枢兴奋性和抑制性神经递质有关.     

力竭运动对大鼠脑纹状体5-HT含量及其代谢的影响

目的:观察力竭运动对大鼠脑纹状体5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量及其代谢的影响,分析纹状体中5-HT合成代谢和分解代谢中各指标的关系,进一步探讨力竭运动后脑5-HT含量及其代谢的动态变化对运动性中枢疲劳发生、发展的影响并分析其机理。方法:大鼠分为两组。力竭运动组大鼠进行一次性游泳运动直至力竭。断头处死,取纹状体测色氨酸(Trp)、5-HT和5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)含量,测色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)和单胺氧化酶(MAO)活性,取血清测游离色氨酸(f-Trp)含量。结果:与安静组5-HT含量及其代谢各指标相比,力竭运动组大鼠血清f-Trp含量有下降趋势,其余各指标均呈升高趋势,其中纹状体Trp(P<0.01)和5-HIAA(P<0.001)含量显著升高。结论:(1)力竭运动引起血清Trp透过血脑屏障进入脑中增多,导致血清f-Trp含量下降且纹状体Trp含量增多,激活TPH的活性,增强脑5-HT的合成。(2)运动中5-HT的分解也是增加的,说明力竭运动使5-HT代谢加快,易产生中枢疲劳。提示力竭运动组大鼠在力竭运动后,中枢神经系统抑制过程占优势。     

有氧运动对焦虑模型大鼠神经递质、Hb、BU、Cr、NO含量及NOS活性的影响

通过测试有氧运动对焦虑模型大鼠脑神经递质和血红蛋白、血尿素氮、肌酐含量、血清NO及NOS活性的影响,探讨了有氧运动对大鼠焦虑症状调适作用的机制。大鼠随机分为安静组(QG)和模型组(MG组),将MG组随机分为模型自然恢复组(MNR组)、模型有氧运动恢复组(MAER组)。MAER组和MNR组分别进行28d有氧运动恢复和自然恢复后,测试大鼠脑组织5-羟色胺(5-HT)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、多巴胺(DA)含量和血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素(BU)、肌酐(Cr)含量、血清NO及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性。结果显示:经过28d的恢复,MAER组和MNR组的脑组织5-HT、DA和GABA含量均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。MAER组的5-HT、DA含量分别下降16.60%、26.37%,GABA含量上升21.57%;MAER组大鼠血清NOS活性和NO含量恢复效果明显,接近QG组水平。MAER组NOS活性和NO含量与MNR组比较均有极显著性差异(P0.01),分别上升38.28%和46.81%。MAER与MNR组的Hb、Cr和BU含量有极显著性差异(P0.01),MAER组的Hb、Cr含量分别上升38.19%、36.69%,BU含量下降37.41%。结果表明,有氧运动能够提高大鼠脑组织GABA和血液Hb、Bu、Cr、NO含量及NOS活性,增强运动能力,降低大鼠脑组织5-HT、DA含量,改变焦虑模型大鼠行为,促进焦虑状态的缓解或者消除。     

红景天苷对运动疲劳大鼠神经递质影响研究

观察高山红景天苷对运动性疲劳大鼠中枢单胺类神经递质DA、5-HT、5-HIAA、NE质量比的影响,探讨其抗运动性疲劳的机制.将Wistar大鼠随机分成4组,每组10只,分别为阴性对照组(生理盐水);高山红景天苷低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,建立中枢疲劳模型,分别灌胃给药,取大脑组织制备样本,检测神经递质DA、5-HT、...     

云南松松塔对肺纤维化大鼠炎症因子的作用

目的 探讨云南松松塔提取物（Extracts from the pinecone of Pinus yunnanensis,PE）对肺纤维化大鼠血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、阳性组（5 mg/kg醋酸泼尼松龙）及PE高、中、低剂量组（200、100、50 mg/kg）。采用气管内一次性注射0.2 mL博来霉素生理盐水溶液（5 mg/kg）建立大鼠肺纤维化模型,假手术组气管内给予0.2 mL无菌生理盐水。造模后第2 d开始给予相应药物,分别于实验第7、14、28 d,处死1/3的大鼠,测定大鼠肺系数,酶联免疫吸附试验（Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）测定血清中羟脯氨酸（Hydroxyproline,HYP）、转化生长因子beta 1（Transform growth factor beta 1,TGF-β1）、肿瘤坏死因子alpha（Tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α）的含量,苏木素-伊红（Hematoxylin-eosin,HE）染色考察肺脏组织病理学变化。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠在第7、14、28 d肺系数、血清HYP、TGF-β1、TNF-α含量均明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）;与模型组比较,PE中、高剂量组可以不同程度的减小肺系数（P<0.05,P<0.01）,降低血清中TGF-β1、TNF-α及HYP含量（P<0.05,P<0.01）。HE染色显示PE中、高剂量组大鼠肺泡结构损伤及炎性细胞浸润均较模型组明显减轻。结论 云南松松塔可以改善博来霉素诱导肺纤维化大鼠的炎症反应和胶原沉积情况。     

急性有氧运动对成年男性单胺类神经递质代谢物含量变化的影响研究

研究急性有氧运动对成年男性单胺类神经递质代谢物含量变化的影响,在某健身俱乐部中选择20名成年男性作为研究对象,随机将其划分成对照组和运动组。要求运动组受试者利用功率自行车进行10 min中等强度的急性有氧运动,对照组受试者不进行任何运动,其他条件和运动组相同。和对照组相比,运动组受试者尿液中VMA和HVA含量均明显升高,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。运动组DA、Ad和NE水平随着急性有氧运动时间的增加呈上升趋势;而对照组DA水平随时间的增加无显著变化;运动组DA水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。运动组DA、Ad和NE代谢物水平随急性有氧运动时间的增加而逐渐增加,而对照组DA代谢物水平随时间的增加无显著性变化;运动组DA代谢物水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。运动组5-HT水平随着急性有氧运动时间的增加有所增加,对照组5-HT水平趋势也基本保持不变,运动组5-HT水平略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。运动组5-HT代谢物水平随急性有氧运动时间的增加有所增加,对照组5-HT代谢物水平随时间的增加无显著性变化,运动组5-HT代谢物水平略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。说明急性有氧运动能够增加成年男性CA代谢物含量,对5-HT的代谢没有影响,整体看来急性有氧运动有助于成年男性机体调节。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that