前《蜀道难》探讨

“前《蜀道难》”是对李白《蜀道难》以前的萧纲、刘孝威、阴铿、张文琮等诗人的古乐府旧题之作的统称。李白的《蜀道难》成就和影响最大,但前《蜀道难》也各有特色。它们作为一个整体全方位展现了蜀道之艰险难行,同时还以典型的现实主义特征和严整、简洁、平实与谐和的语言风貌,在内容角度、情感表达、句法音韵等方面共同为李白《蜀道难》的继承创新奠定了基础。前《蜀道难》,其在文学史上具有重要地位。     

李白、杜甫“蜀道难”诗作创作心态及艺术表现手法比较

李白在“蜀道难”同题乐府中抒发过“蜀道难”的浩叹，杜甫因其亲历过艰险的蜀道而留下了细腻、真切地描写“蜀道难”的诗篇，各自诗作中流露出了不同的创作心态，创作方法、艺术表现手法及艺术效果也差异鲜明，展现出两位诗人独具个性的主体风格。     

痛苦的浪漫——浅论古典浪漫主义诗歌的理想

和西方上古的长篇史诗相反,中国古典诗歌以其强烈的抒情色彩在世界文学史上独放光华,而这中间最激动人心的往往就是那些洋溢浪漫激情的篇章。从《诗三百》的《蒹葭》到屈原的《离骚》、《天问》、陈子昂的《登幽州台歌》,乃至李白的《蜀道难》、《行路难》;李商隐的《无题诗》,直到苏轼、辛弃疾等人的豪放派诗歌,“在心为志,发言为诗”,其中闪烁     

世纪末中国诗失去诗魂

纵观古今诗歌，几名诗、好诗，有如下特点：首先，好诗常合怨忿。孔子说：“诗可以怨”。其实诗不只“可以”怨，但凡对人生体验有深度的作品，都或浓或淡地含有某种对人生的怨艾与慨叹．屈原的《离骚》，是理想不得实现的怨愤之作。曹操的古诗，是感叹人生沧桑的悲怨之作。乐府民歌，除了歌颂生活的美好，也饱含对人生的诸多哀怨。陈子昂《登幽州台歌》，一腔怨愤，难与世人陈说，表达一种旷世孤独之感。李白的《蜀道难入白居易的《琵琶行》、《卖炭翁》等等，都是对于人生的怨忿之作。怨，往往使诗歌负载了巨大的人生重量，具有较强的审美…     

李白《蜀道难》中文理性瑕疵与散文化诗句得失谈

在李白的名作《蜀道难》中,大量搀入三言、四言、五言诗句及散文化句式,不但使诗歌更显潇洒灵动,且在音律上也十分和谐。这是因为一、二、三、四、五、六言句式及其韵律节奏均包蕴于七言诗体裁之内;九言及一些散文化句式可分解为七言和七言所包容的句式。但该诗存在主客体角色及空间位置转换上混乱不清的现象;而连续两句以上的四言诗句式搀入七言诗中,超出了七言诗的体裁规范,破坏了七言诗语言结构和韵律节奏,影响了该诗的艺术价值。这些都成为《蜀道难》这一壮丽诗篇的微瑕。     

综论李白《蜀道难》的作意问题

毛主席曾经对历来为李白《蜀道难》的作意问题“纷纭聚讼”颇感不满(见《光明日报》一九七八年十二月二十九日《访北京大学讲师芦荻》一文)。这实际上是对我国古典文学研究状况提出批评。它反映了我们古典文学研究领域中的严重缺陷:这就是“百家争鸣”的空气不浓,对一些意见分歧问题未能很好展开深入的研究讨论,致使一些问题长期不获解决。《蜀道难》是我国古典诗歌的黄金时代——盛唐时代的代表作品,可以说是我国古典诗歌宝库中相当重要的珍品。对于这样重要的代表作,假如意见长期不能统一;众说纷纭,莫衷一是,这就不仅是对一个具体作品的认识问题,而且将影响到对一个重要的代表作家的认识,它反映了我们古典文学的研究水平。这是笔者之所以要就管见所及,提出商讨的原因。至于这里所提出的看法有哪几分是对的,就请专家们、读者同志们指教了。     

李白《上楼诗》与《题峰顶寺》、《夜宿山寺》考辨

上世纪80年代以来的小学语文教科书中李白诗歌《夜宿山寺》的内容，应为李白少年诗作《上楼诗》的内容，而《上楼诗》实为李白上绵州越王楼诗。李白中年在蕲州黄梅县所作《题峰顶寺》来源于宋代邵博《邵氏见闻录》、赵德麟《侯鲭录》、胡仔《苕溪渔隐丛话》等书。现行小学语文课本等出版物中的李白《夜宿山寺》存在张冠李戴、文不对题、不合情理等问题，应予纠正，还李白《上楼诗》和《题峰顶寺》的本来面目。     

《蜀道难》研究的四种态势述评(1949——1993)

建国四十五年来,对《蜀道难》主题的研究大致有这样四种态势:一、以考证史实立论.又可细分为①专考本事的讽喻说;②以文本为主体进行考证的送友人说;③以臆测为依据的直书见闻说.二、着眼于李白经历探索的仕途坎坷说.三、以乐府古题为参照的对蜀道的描写或寄寓思想.四、就诗论诗.讨论是热烈的,但也事宜存在一些明显的问题.     

李白家室研究述评

郭沫若在《李白与杜甫》一书中对李白家室问题作了细致认真的索隐。詹锳《李白诗文系年》对此也有片断的考证。周勋初《李白两次就婚相府所铸成的家庭悲剧》一文则对李白婚姻问题作了颇有意义的探讨。结合李白诗文,参酌以上三位先生的考证,评论其得失,勾勒李白家室的大致轮廓。     

从薛涛的《西岩》诗看李白是否游览过万县太白岩

张明同志认为，薛涛的《西岩》诗证明李白确实到过万县并登过西岩。他的说法是有根据的．“骑鲸客”指李白，在杜甫、贯休等人的作品中都有反映。诗题“西岩”当指万县之西岩，亦即今之万县太白岩。因为简阳、资中等地的西岩李白都未曾游览过。从《西岩》诗中的“如雨声中停去马，夕阳影星乱鸣蜩”看，《西岩》诗还可能与《九日遇雨二首》是同一天作的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of