聚丙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的热氧老化性能

用3种蒙脱土(原土、OMMT1、OMMT2)与聚丙烯分别熔融插层复合.经X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,3种蒙脱土均与聚丙烯成功插层复合,制备出聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.重点研究聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的热氧老化性能.结果表明,在聚丙烯材料中,添加少量蒙脱土不但可以提高材料的力学性能,而且明显改善材料的抗热氧老化性能.对3种PP/MMT复合材料热氧老化样品进行傅立叶红外(FTIR)分析和表面形貌观察,发现蒙脱土片层在聚丙烯中插层复合越充分(乃至剥离),其抗热氧老化效果就越明显.     

TDI-PTMG型PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的结构及性能研究

将插层纳米复合技术与同步互穿聚合物网络(IPN)技术相结合,制备了聚氨酯(PU)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和力学性能测试研究了该复合材料和相应的PU/PMMA-IPN和PU材料的结构和力学性能.结果表明.PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料形成了插层/剥离型结构,其力学性能最优.对材料的制备工艺进行了研究,获得优化制备条件是:PU/PMMA质量比为60/40;OMMT,BPO,EGDMA添加量分别为单体MMA质量的5%,0.8%,2.0%,MOCA系数为0.9.     

聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构、形态与力学性能

将插层纳米复合技术与同步互穿聚合物网络（IPN）技术相结合,制备了聚氨酯（PU）/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）/有机蒙脱土（OMMT）纳米复合材料.用XRD,SEM,TEM等手段并通过力学性能测试研究了该复合材料和相应的PU/PMMA-IPN材料的结构、形态和力学性能.结果表明,PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料中一部分蒙脱土以8～20nm厚、50～200nm长的片层有序地分布在聚合物基体中,形成了插层/剥离型纳米复合材料,其力学性能显著优于相应的PU/PMMA-IPN材料.OMMT易与PU/PMMA/OM-MT体系中的PU硬段及PMMA分子链形成氢键结合,使得OMMT,PU,PMMA彼此之间的相互作用加强,相容性改善,导致体系的力学性能显著提高.文中还研究了OMMA添加量、PU/PMMA质量比、过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）添加量、二甲基丙烯酸乙二酯（EGDMA）添加量、1,4丁二醇（BDO）系数等因素对PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料力学性能的影响,获得PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的最佳制备条件为：PU/PMMA质量比为60/40,OMMT,BPO和EGDMA添加量分别为MMA单体质量的5.0%,0.80%和2.0%,BDO系数为0.80.     

蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其在棉织物阻燃整理中的应用

采用类原位聚合法制备了硬脂酸酰胺蒙脱土纳米复合材料(EBS/MMT),并用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱((FT-IR))对复合材料进行表征,证实所得产物为插层型蒙脱土纳米复合材料.复合后蒙脱土层间距由1.32nm增加到1.78nm(蒙脱土质量分数为8%)和1.81nm(蒙脱土质量分数为5%).通过将蒙脱土纳米复合材料和高聚磷酸铵(APP)复配制得新型膨胀阻燃体系,并用制备的阻燃整理液对纯棉织物进行阻燃整理.研究表明,蒙脱土纳米复合材料在该体系起高效成炭剂作用.同时探讨了整理液各组分质量浓度及整理工艺条件对阻燃整理效果的影响,得到纯棉织物阻燃整理的优化工艺为高聚磷酸铵质量浓度为160g/L,改性2D树脂交联剂质量浓度为100g/L,蒙脱土纳米复合材料质量浓度为40g/L,焙烘温度为150℃,焙烘时间为3min.     

有机插层剂对纳米复合材料介电性能的影响

采用熔融共混的方法分别制备了经两种有机插层剂(十八烷基季铵盐和双十八烷基苄基季铵盐)处理的交联聚乙烯/蒙脱土(XLPE/OMMT)纳米复合材料.不同插层剂处理的XLPE/OMMT纳米复合材料,介电谱表现出明显不同的特征:添加十八烷基季铵盐处理的蒙脱土,损耗峰为单峰;而添加双十八烷基苄基季铵盐处理的蒙脱土,损耗峰出现双峰.这与不同插层剂对蒙脱土在聚合物中的分散和插层效果有关.     

EA/MMT纳米复合材料的制备及其光固化动力学研究

通过4 - 溴甲基二苯甲酮与二甲基正十八胺反应合成的季铵盐光引发剂苯甲酰苄基二甲氨基十八烷基溴化铵(BDOB),进行插层修饰蒙脱土(MMT),通过层间引发聚合法光固化制备环氧丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土(EA/MMT)纳米复合材料;利用红外光谱法对EA/MMT的光固化行为进行了研究.XRD和TEM分析结果表明,MMT在光固化复合材料中已得到插层和部分剥离;增加光引发剂浓度及提高环境温度均可提高其固化速率和双键最终转化率,氧气的存在使体系的诱导期延长,双键转化率降低;光固化反应总级数约为6～7,表观活化能为9.8 kJ/mol.     

SMA/MMT纳米复合材料中残留插层剂对其加工性能的影响

采用HAAKE转矩流变仪研究了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/蒙脱土(SMA/MMT)纳米复合材料中残留插层剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对其加工性能的影响.结果表明,体系中残留部分插层剂会导致SMA降解,且加工温度越高,降解程度越大,使其失去使用价值.将体系中的插层剂完全洗净后,SMA/MMT复合材料中SMA不再发生降解,复合体系具有与SMA类似的加工性能.     

P（MMA-MA）／OMMT纳米复合材料的制备及表征

通过原位乳液聚合法合成了聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸甲酯)(P(MMA-MA))/有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料.使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了OMMT在P(MMA-MA)/OMMT纳米复合材料中的分散状况;用热失重分析仪(TGA)研究了材料的热稳定性;用裂解色谱-质谱联用仪(PGC-MS)分析了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA)及P(MMA-MA)热降解机理.分析结果表明:P(MMA-MA)/OMMT纳米复合材料中已经形成了部分插层、部分剥离的结构;P(MMA-MA)/OMMT纳米复合材料的热稳定性随着OMMT加入量的增加而提高,并且当OMMT质量分数为5%时,其耐热性最好.另外,第二单体丙烯酸甲酯(MA)的加入也会增加P(MMA-MA)/OMMT的热稳定性.当甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与MA的质量比为40∶20时,在失重率为10%的热分解温度比PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的高25.3K.     

聚醋酸乙烯酯/蒙脱土纳米乳液的性能影响因素

基于单体原位插层半连续乳液聚合法,制备了涂料用聚醋酸乙烯酯/蒙脱土纳米复合乳液,对影响纳米复合乳液性能的反应温度、乳化剂用量、引发剂用量以及MMT质量分数进行了单因素研究.XRD,FT-IR和TEM分析结果表明:65～70 ℃条件下,当乳化剂用量0.6 g,引发剂用量0.6 g以及MMT质量分数为3%～5%时,MMT片层在PVAc基体中基本呈单分散状,形成了剥离型纳米复合材料,其纳米化程度最大,乳液MMT单片层的数量最多;此时MMT的分散程度最高、阻隔性能最好,大大降低了水的扩散速度与吸水率,延长了耐水时间.测试表明:乳液质量分数达到33%～35%,静置于水中135 h胶膜不开胶脱落,其耐水性能是PVAc乳液(不含MMT)的2.7倍.     

EVA/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的阻燃性能

采用熔融插层法制备乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料（EVA/OM-MT）,并研究其阻燃性能。结果表明,EVA大分子能有效地插入有机蒙脱土（OMMT）片层间,形成插层型纳米复合材料,而不能有效插入钠基蒙脱土（MMT）片层间;OMMT可以明显地改善EVA/OMMT的阻燃性能,随着OMMT用量的增大,EVA/OMMT的热释放速、峰值热释放速率、总热释放先明显降低然后趋于稳定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has