考虑前方交通状态的交通流格子模型与数值模拟

考虑前方交通状态对驾驶行为的影响,提出了新的交通流格子模型.通过线性稳定性和非线性分析,获得了改进模型的中性稳定性条件和mKdv方程密度波解.理论分析和数值模拟表明,驾驶员通过关注前方交通状态,选择平稳的驾驶行为,减少不必要的加减速行为,保证车辆的平稳运行,从而进一步改善交通,增强交通流的稳定性.     

考虑预期效应和交通灯影响的城市道路交通元胞自动机模型

提出描述交通灯控制下城市道路交通流动力学演化过程的元胞自动机模型,其中交通灯对于路段上车辆的影响是全局的,驾驶员可根据交通灯的状态及时调整驾驶行为,同时还考虑前方车辆的预期运动.该模型中车辆的运动更加平滑,符合实际交通现象.应用模型中的驾驶策略,可以有效地减少怠速和速度骤减的状态,从而减少机动车的尾气排放.     

多车道下的车辆行为模型研究

针对我国混合交通的特点,提出一个新的车辆行为模型,模型由跟驰模型、邻车影响模型和换道模型共同组成.在新模型中将车辆的跟驰状态划分为一般跟驰和自由行驶,充分考虑了驾驶员的反应延迟.同时,鉴于多车道间车辆的相互干扰,还建立了邻车影响模型,探讨同向及对向的相邻车辆对驾驶行为的影响.运用面向对象开发环境VC 6.0对模型进行软件实现,将仿真计算结果与已有的实测数据进行对比,取得了较满意的结果,证明所建模型符合实际情况.     

表征驾驶风格和驾驶员能力的驾驶员模型

由于驾驶员群体的驾驶方式和驾驶能力的差异,所决策的加速度值与最优值存在不同程度的偏差.本文作者在原有最优预瞄侧向驾驶员模型的基础上发展了多点多目标决策模型,以驾驶员的视野特征和决策意愿表征驾驶风格,并对驾驶员能力建模.Simulink/Carsim联合仿真结果表明,包括4个自由参数模型能够反映出不同驾驶员的驾驶行为,并有望应用于提升无人驾驶车辆乘坐感受的研究.      

基于驾驶员类型的车辆换道模型

由于传统最小安全距离的换道模型忽视驾驶员个体差异,使其缺乏安全性和灵活性.文中首先对与换道相关联的车辆的运动状态进行了详细的分析,给出了车辆与关联车辆之间各种可能的碰撞形式.在此基础上,针对不同类型司机在不同换道环境下的驾驶特性,结合车辆运动学理论,建立基于不同行驶状态及不同司机类型的椭圆最小安全距离换道模型,能够较好地解决传统换道模型存在的缺陷.最后通过Matlab仿真对比发现,文中提出的模型由于考虑驾驶员因素,仿真结果与实际交通更为相符.     

基于决策树模型的汽车驾驶倾向性判定方法

驾驶倾向性反映了驾驶员在车辆操作和运动过程中表现出的心理情感状态,对交通安全极为重要,准确地确定驾驶倾向性是研究驾驶员行为的难点.从研究驾驶员生理-心理特性的角度出发,利用决策树能融知识表示与获取于一身的优点,将决策树用于驾驶员驾驶倾向性的研究,实现了对驾驶员行为的模拟再现.仿真结果表明,该方法用于驾驶员驾驶倾向性的研究是可行的.     

ITS中基于模糊积分信息融合理论的仿真算法研究

交通仿真是ITS的重要实验研究手段。传统的微观交通仿真模型,特别是反映交通决策行为的车辆跟驰模型,未能综合考虑交通环境中多源信息的有效融合。利用模糊积分理论确定驾驶员信息融合后对车辆应采取的反应行为。通过模型验证表明:在车辆跟驰模型实施之前,利用模糊积分算法模型化驾驶员在多源信息融合条件下的反应过程是行之有效的。     

基于模糊多目标决策的驾驶员反应状态辨识

为了使安全车距模型中的预警算法适应驾驶员的个体驾驶特性,提出了一种基于模糊多目标决策的驾驶员反应状态辨识方法。首先,对驾驶员进行离线测试,确定出驾驶员的驾驶倾向力度,进而确定出驾驶员的静态反应时间;然后利用模糊数学方法将影响驾驶员反应状态的因素进行分类,利用综合加权层次分析法对驾驶员反应状态进行综合评估。根据评估结果利用反应时间修正公式对驾驶员的静态反应时间进行修正;最后对没有考虑驾驶员因素、考虑驾驶风格和考虑驾驶员反应状态三种情况下,Berkeley模型所作出的预警距离进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明,在综合考虑驾驶员反应状态后所确定的安全车距更能满足驾驶员的个体需求,能够在一定程度上提高安全车距模型的准确性。     

城市典型路段的驾驶员酒驾行为识别

目前对驾驶员进行是否酒驾的接触式、非实时的随机抽检方式已难以满足酒驾检测的实际需求.在加速行驶路段、匀速行驶路段、转弯路段等典型城市道路下,以车辆速度、加速度和油门踏板位置、发动机转速等交通参数为输入,采用支持向量机模型对驾驶员的驾驶行为进行识别并判定其是否处于酒驾状态,并采用粒子群优化算法对模型参数进行优化以提高训练速度.研究结果表明,基于粒子群优化算法的支持向量机模型能快速、准确地判定驾驶员是否处于酒驾状态,可为实现非接触式酒驾检测提供理论支持,为安全驾驶辅助系统采取相应措施提供实现基础.     

侧风作用下货车驾驶员反应行为模型

为建立侧风作用下驾驶员反应行为模型,基于8自由度驾驶模拟器,构建了风-车-桥耦合作用下大跨桥梁驾驶模拟平台。招募了32名职业货车驾驶员进行了侧风作用下驾驶模拟实验,采集了驾驶员行为及车辆动态响应数据,通过相关性分析选取了关键因素,建立了侧风作用下两阶段驾驶员反应行为模型。研究结果表明:方向盘反馈力矩是影响侧风作用下驾驶员反应行为的关键因素之一;考虑方向盘反馈力矩在内的两阶段模型能够较好的反映侧风作用下驾驶员的反应行为。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with