子宫内膜异位症临床病理特点及发病机制探讨

目的:分析子宫内膜异位症的临床病理特点及探讨子宫内膜异位症的病因及发病机制.方法:根据病变部位的不同,将子宫内膜异位症分为:(1)内在性子宫内膜异位症;(2)外在性子宫内膜异位症;(3)混合性子宫内膜异位症.应用免疫组织化学S-P法,对112例子宫内膜异位症在位及异位内膜组织进行雌、孕激素受体的测定.结果:子宫内膜异位症的临床特点为慢性盆腔疼痛、痛经和不孕;连续切片证实内在性子宫内膜异位症来源于内膜基底层的腺体和间质.雌激素受体(ER)在在位及异位内膜组织中的阳性率分别为89%(39/44)和80%(45/56);孕激素受体(PR)在在位和异位内膜的阳性率分别为77%(34/44)和86%(48/56);两者均无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:子宫内膜异位症是由多种原因引起的一种良性病变,但也具有种植、转移等肿瘤组织的特点.内在性子宫内膜异位症来源于内膜基底层的腺体和间质.ER、PR在异位症的在位及异位内膜组织中均有较高的阳性表达,表明其直接或间接地参与了子宫内膜异位症的发病过程,对其发生和发展起重要作用.     

人正常子宫内膜树突状细胞的周期性变化

目的：研究人正常子宫内膜上树突状细胞(dendritic cell，DC)的分布特点。方法：对10例人正常子宫内膜组织应用HLA-DR单克隆抗体和CD1a蛋白抗体进行免疫组化染色，其中增殖期内膜4例、分泌期内膜3例、绝经期内膜3例，观察其中的阳性细胞。结果：10例正常子宫内膜标本中，5例呈HLA-DR阳性表达(增殖期4例，分泌期1例，绝经期0例)；4例呈CD1a阳性表达(增殖期3例，分泌期1例，绝经期0例)。结论：人正常子宫内膜组织中存在表达主要组织相容性复合体-Ⅱ(MHC-Ⅱ)类分子的DC，各时期的子宫内膜DC检出率不同。     

子宫内膜异位症的子宫内膜雌激素受体和孕激素受体mRNAs的表达

目的 :探讨雌激素受体 (ER)和孕激素受体 (PR)在子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )子宫内膜的表达。方法 :利用大鼠内异症动物模型 ,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT -PCR)技术 ,检测子宫内膜ER和PRmRNAs的表达情况。结果 :内异症模型组大鼠异位内膜ER、PRmRNAs的表达低于在位内膜和对照组正常子宫内膜 ,与后两者比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;而模型组在位内膜ER、PRmRNAs的表达与正常对照组比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。内异症模型组异位内膜ER/PRmRNA大于在位内膜和正常子宫内膜ER/PRmRNA(P <0 0 1)。结论 :内异症大鼠异位内膜ERmRNA表达的相对增高在内异症的发生与发展中起着一定的作用     

早孕小鼠子宫内膜组织中IASPP表达对胚胎着床的作用

目的:探讨早孕小鼠子宫内膜组织中P53凋亡刺激蛋白抑制因子(IASPP)的表达对胚胎着床的作用.方法:对NIH雌鼠进行阴道涂片以确定其动情周期,采用实时荧光定量PCR、Western blot以及免疫组化等分别在分子和蛋白水平上检测雌鼠子宫内膜上IASPP的表达情况;对实验组小鼠左侧子宫角注射IASPP抑制剂,最后测量...     

P27在子宫内膜增生过长、腺癌中的表达及意义

研究 P2 7在子宫内膜增生过长、腺癌中的表达及意义。应用免疫组化 S- P法分别检测子宫内膜单纯性、复杂性、不典型增生过长和腺癌组织中 P2 7蛋白表达。结果表明 :P2 7蛋白高表达率在子宫内膜单纯性、复杂性、不典型增生过长和腺癌组织中分别为 70 % ( 7/1 0 ) ,60 % ( 6/1 0 ) ,40 % ( 4 /1 0 ) ,30 % ( 1 0 /33) ,P2 7蛋白高表达率在子宫内膜增生过长、腺癌中差异有显著性 ( p<0 .0 5 )。子宫内膜腺癌 P2 7蛋白表达与年龄 ,组织分化程度 ,有无肌层浸润无关 ( p>0 .0 5 )。 P2 7蛋白表达减少与子宫内膜腺癌的发生有关 ,分析 P2 7蛋白表达有助于了解子宫内膜腺癌发生、发展的分子生物学机制     

上皮型钙粘附蛋白在人子宫内膜和早期胚胎的表达和变化

目的 :探讨上皮型钙粘附蛋白 (E -cadherin)在人子宫内膜和早期胚胎的表达和变化。方法 :采用免疫组织化学、间接免疫荧光和激光共聚焦显微镜等方法 ,检测人子宫内膜和人早期胚胎E -cadherin的表达。结果 :月经周期各阶段子宫内膜腺上皮均见E -cadherin表达 ,分泌中期达高峰 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,间质细胞未见表达。卵母细胞和早期胚胎表面均见E -cad herin表达 ,囊胚组的表达显著高于 2 - 7细胞期胚胎组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :E -cadherin在子宫内膜及胚胎的表达增多变化有同步性 ,可能有利于着床。     

多囊卵巢综合征大鼠子宫内膜细胞凋亡及VEGF-A的表达

目的:观察多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠子宫内膜细胞的凋亡情况以及VEGF-A的表达变化,探讨细胞凋亡及VEGF-A在PCOS子宫内膜发生功能失常的过程中的作用.方法:大鼠皮下注射硫酸普拉睾酮钠来构建PCOS模型,TUNEL法检测大鼠子宫内膜细胞凋亡情况、免疫组织化学法和蛋白质免疫印迹法检测VEGF-A在大鼠子宫内膜中的表达情况.结果:TUNEL结果显示PCOS组大鼠子宫内膜细胞凋亡率较对照组明显降低(P 0. 05);免疫组织化学结果显示VEGF-A在PCOS组大鼠子宫内膜腺上皮细胞中的表达较对照组明显减弱(P 0. 05);蛋白质免疫印迹分析显示PCOS组大鼠子宫中VEGF-A蛋白的表达较正常对照组明显降低(P 0. 05).结论:PCOS子宫内膜功能失常可能与子宫内膜细胞凋亡减少有关,VEGF-A表达下调可能是PCOS子宫内膜增生过度的一种代偿性作用.     

子宫内膜样癌组织中P53与CyclinE蛋白的表达及其临床意义

为探讨子宫内膜样癌及子宫内膜不典型增生病变组织中P53、CyclinE蛋白的表达及意义,采用免疫组化En-vision法检测正常、不典型性增生子宫内膜和子宫内膜样癌组织中P53和CyclinE的表达水平,结果表明：子宫内膜样癌组织中的P53和CyclinE表达明显高于不典型性增生和正常子宫内膜组织,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=24.93,P〈0.01;χ^2=40.96,P〈0.01）,P53在子宫内膜样癌组织中的表达与组织学分级（P〈0.01）、子宫肌层浸润深度或淋巴结转移（P〈0.01）及临床分期有关（P〈0.01）;CyclinE的阳性表达与组织学分级有关,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级三组间有统计学意义（χ^2=11.35,P〈0.01）、与子宫肌层浸润深度或淋巴结转移及临床分期无关。这显示突变型p53的表达和Cy-clinE的过度表达与子宫内膜样癌的发生、发展过程密切相关。     

CXCL1在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达及其对Ishikawa细胞增殖侵袭的影响

目的:研究趋化因子配体1 (CXCL1)在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达及其对人子宫内膜高分化腺癌细胞株Ishikawa细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移能力及侵袭能力的影响,以及CXCL1因子与子宫内膜样腺癌的发生及浸润转移的关系.方法:免疫组化法检测CXCL1在子宫内膜样腺癌患者的子宫内膜组织子宫内膜非典型增生患者的子宫内膜组织及正常增生期子宫内膜组织中的表达,QRT-PCR法检测子宫内膜样腺癌组织与癌旁组织中CXCL1 mRNA的相对表达;体外运用siRNA沉默Ishikawa细胞中CXCL1的基因表达,分别通过CCK8法及流式细胞仪法检测沉默CXCL1对细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,划痕实验及transwell法检测对细胞迁移能力与侵袭能力的影响,Western Blot检测pNF-κB,MMP9及Caspase-3的蛋白表达.结果:免疫组化及QRT-PCR结果显示,子宫内膜样腺癌组织中CXCL1表达升高,有淋巴结转移、分期较晚及肿瘤直径较大的患者的子宫内膜组织中表达显著升高;在CXCL1沉默组中,细胞增殖、迁移能力及侵袭能力下降,凋亡率增加,凋亡蛋白Caspase-3表达升高,pNF-κB,MMP9蛋白表达降低(P0.05).结论:CXCL1在子宫内膜样腺癌组织中高表达,沉默CXCL1可能通过下调磷酸化NF-κB抑制Ishikawa细胞的增殖、迁移能力及侵袭能力,促进细胞凋亡.     

针刺对超排卵小鼠子宫内膜形态学的影响

目的:探讨电针对超排卵小鼠子宫内膜组织形态学的影响。方法:将40只小鼠随机分成空白对照组、阴性对照组、COH组和电针+COH组,电针+COH组取关元、中极、三阴交行电针治疗,应用光学显微镜观察子宫内膜厚度、腺体面积、腺体周长等组织形态学的变化。结果:COH组腺体数目少,腺腔小,电针+COH组间质血管丰富,腺体数目较多,腺腔较大,与COH组比较,P<0.05或P<0.01。子宫内厚度24 h组间差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。48 h后,COH组偏薄,与其他组相比,P<0.05。结论:电针可改善超排卵小鼠子宫内膜成熟度,提高子宫内膜容受性。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞对小鼠神经干细胞增殖与分化培养的影响

通过在体外培养、鉴定人的骨髓间充质干细胞与小鼠神经干细胞,用骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养基分别在增殖与分化条件下对神经干细胞进行培养.发现,间充质干细胞条件培养基在增殖条件下能加快神经球内神经干细胞的迁移,使神经球解聚,对神经干细胞增殖没有影响;而间充质干细胞条件培养基在分化条件下,能增加神经干细胞向少突胶质细胞分化的能力,降低向星型胶质细胞的分化能力,对向神经元分化能力没有影响,间充质干细胞可能是通过促进神经干细胞迁移、分化而加快神经损伤的修复的.     

Advances in the study on induced pluripotent stem cells

Recently, the study on ＂induced pluripotent stem cells＂ （iPS cells） has made a great breakthrough, and it is considered as a new milestone in the history of life science. This progress has updated our traditional concepts about pluripotency control, and provided people with a brand-new strategy for somatic cell nuclear reprogramming. In virtue of its availability and stability, this method holds great potential in both biological and clinical research. In order to introduce this rising field of study, this paper starts with an overview of the development of iPS cell establishment, describes the key steps in generating iPS cells, elaborates several relevant scientific issues, and evaluates its current restrictions and promises in future research.     

微囊化基质细胞对脐带血造血干/祖细胞扩增支持

将脐带血单个核细胞与包埋有兔骨髓间充质干细胞的海藻酸钙微胶珠在3种不同的培养液中进行了7d的体外静态共培养.每24h进行总有核细胞计数,在0、72和168h进行流式CD34+细胞分析以及甲基纤维素集落检验.实验结果表明:经过7d的静态共培养,在添加常规剂量造血生长因子的培养液中,总有核细胞扩增了(15±2.85)倍,CD34+细胞扩增了(5.33±0.32)倍,CFU-Cs扩增了(5.6±1.21)倍.微胶囊可以作为一种新的共培养隔离手段,微囊化兔骨髓间充质干细胞在添加适量血清或者造血生长因子组合的条件下对于脐带血造血干/祖细胞在静态下的扩增有明显的促进作用.     

骨髓间质干细胞横向分化为心肌细胞的机制和诱导因素

心血管疾病严重威胁着人类的健康，近年来，随着对干细胞多向分化潜能研究的进展，其在心血管疾病方面的应用也引起了关注，而骨髓间质干细胞（MSC）以其横向分化潜能在治疗心血管疾病方面显示了巨大潜力。不少研究已证实MSC在体内、外均可分化为心肌细胞，然而其分化为心肌细胞的机制，诱导分化的相关因素和如何定向诱导，如何提高其分化效率等均为人们所关注，本文就此作一综述。     

Akt–Oct4 regulatory circuit in pluripotent stem cells

Oct4 is mainly expressed in embryonic stem cells(ESCs),germline stem cells,and embryonal carcinoma cells(ECCs)and plays an indispensable role in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of these pluripotent stem cells.Akt serine/threonine kinase,a wellestablished anti-apoptosis and cell survival factor,has also been implicated as an important regulator of stemness.Emerging evidence indicated that Oct4 is reciprocally connected to Akt via a number of routes,and moreover,a direct interaction between Oct4 and Akt has recently been revealed.These components collectively form the Akt–Oct4 regulatory circuit.In this review,we summarize our current knowledge about the Akt–Oct4 regulatory circuit in ESCs and discuss its alterations in ECCs that may underlie the tumorigenesis of pluripotent stem cells.     

On the “plasticity”of adult stem cells and its application in regenerative medicine

In recent years, with the increasingly further studies on embryonic stem cells and the recognition of the biologic characteristics of adult stem cells, it has been discovered that adult stem cells have another phenomenon of “plasticity” in addition to the characteristics of strong potential for self-renewal, proliferation and multi-differentiation, which brings us the hope for regenerative medicine—renewing new organ or tissue cells to replace those damaged by injury or diseases. Although the mechanism of “plasticity” and its application in the regenerative medicine are still in doubt, thorough exploration in these subjects would open up broad prospects for the use in cell and tissue engineering in the near future.     

RhoGTPases in stem cells

RhoGTPases are small molecules that control a wide variety of signal transduction pathways. Their profound function in regulating the actin cytoskeleton is well recognized. Stem cells are unique in their ability to self-renew and produce progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. RhoGTPases influence stem cell morphology and cell migration as well as stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, transplantation, homing and differentiation. In this review, the multiple roles of the RhoGTPases in stem cells are discussed.     

Building of hFⅨ transgenic mice by spermatogenic cells

Human FⅨ expression vector pCMVⅨ was packaged by effectene^TM reagent and injected into mice seminiferous tubules with glass pipettes.The expressional frame of pCMVⅨ was examined by PCR and Southern blotting among 41 progenies.There were 2(4%) mice being integrated with hFⅨ gene into chromosomes.4.6ng/mL of hFⅨ protein was expressed in plasma of one mouse,which was tested by ELISA.We demonstrated that building of transgenic animals by spermatogonial stem cells is an efficient method.Meanwhile,it has also been proved to be an alternative choice for mammary gland bioreactor.     

miRNA在人骨髓来源间充质干细胞成骨诱导分化过程中的表达

观察miRNAs在人骨髓来源间充质干细胞成骨诱导分化过程中的表达情况。以从骨髓中分离培养的MSCs及成骨诱导培养后的细胞为实验对象,利用基因芯片检测miRNAs的表达情况,由SAM分析得到MSCs较其诱导培养细胞中差异表达的miRNAs,再进行生物信息学分析。分离培养出的MSCs经成骨诱导培养14 d后,已具有成骨细胞特性;经芯片检测并SAM分析,成骨诱导培养的细胞较MSCs高表达的miRNAs有7个:hsa-miR-363*、hsa-miR-483、hsa-miR-590、hsa-miR-130a、hsa-miR-15b、hsa-miR-30c、hsa-miR-663;成骨诱导培养的细胞较MSCs低表达的miRNAs有6个:hsa-miR-192、hsa-miR-210、hsa-miR-128a、hsa-miR-224、hsa-miR-106a、hsa-miR-494。利用TargetScan预测其靶基因,并行生物信息学分析,其中hsa-miR-130a、hsa-miR-15b和hsa-miR-30c的预测靶基因多为维持干细胞特性的基因;而hsa-miR-106a和hsa-miR-494的预测靶基因多为参与骨形成及成骨分化的基因。为证明miRNAs参与调控MSCs的成骨分化过程提供了直接证据和研究基础。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> induction of mouse meningeal-derived ips cells into neural-like cells

Previous research has shown that mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be induced to form neural cells in adherent monocultures. In this study, pluripotent stem (iPS) C5 cells derived from meningeal membranes were converted successfully into neural-like cells using the same protocol generally used for ES cells. Meningeal-iPS C5 cells were induced to express neural markers Sox1, Sox3, Pax6, Nestin and Tuj1 and to reduce the expression of ES markers Oct4 and Nanog during neural differentiation, and can be differentiated into Pax6 and Nestin positive neural progenitors, and further into neuronal, astrocytic, and oligodendrocytic cells. In vitro differentiation of iPS cells into patient-specific neural cells could serve as a model to study mechanisms of genetic diseases and develop promising candidates for therapeutic applications in dysfunctional or aging neural tissues. Meningeal cells express a high level of the embryonic master regulator Sox2, allowing them to be reprogrammed into iPS cells more easily than other somatic cells.