钒钛磁铁矿含碳球团还原的影响因素

通过单因素实验考察了还原温度、还原时间及碳氧摩尔比（nC/nO）对钒钛磁铁矿含碳球团还原的影响,结合扫描电镜照片解释了钒钛磁铁矿的还原机理.实验结果表明,适当升高还原温度、延长还原时间及增加碳氧摩尔比均可以促进钒钛磁铁矿的还原,并且金属化率随还原温度的升高先急剧升高而后趋于平缓,随着还原时间的延长及碳氧摩尔比的增加而先升高后降低,而残碳量随着反应的进行不断降低.当还原温度为1350℃,还原时间为30 min,碳氧摩尔比为1.2时,球团的金属化率达到最大值.通过扫描电镜照片可以看出,球团在还原过程中形成了铁连晶,并且在不同的还原条件下铁连晶的大小及形态不同.     

硼铁精矿的碳热还原动力学

为了揭示硼铁精矿的碳热还原机理,以高纯石墨为还原剂,进行硼铁精矿含碳球团等温还原实验,并采用积分法进行动力学分析.还原温度分别设定为1000、1050、1100、1150、1200、1250和1300益,配碳量即C/O摩尔比=1.0.当还原度为0.1<α<0.8时,温度对活化能和速率控制环节有重要影响：还原温度≤1100益时,平均活化能为202.6 kJ·mol-1,还原反应的速率控制环节为碳的气化反应;还原温度>1100益时,平均活化能为116.7 kJ·mol-1,为碳气化反应和FeO还原反应共同控制.当还原度α≥0.8时(还原温度>1100益),可能的速率控制环节为碳原子在金属铁中的扩散.碳气化反应是含碳球团还原过程中主要速率控制环节,原因在于硼铁精矿中硼元素对碳气化反应具有较强烈的化学抑制作用.     

孔隙结构特征对焦炭高温抗拉强度的影响

采用压汞仪测量焦炭与CO2或H2 O反应后的孔隙结构特征,研究孔隙率、平均孔径、比表面积及孔径分布对焦炭高温抗拉强度的影响规律。焦炭孔隙率和平均孔径随反应率升高而增加。平均孔径小于30μm时气化反应以造孔为主,比表面积随反应率升高先增后减,大于30μm时以扩孔为主,随反应率升高而减小。与CO2相比,H2 O反应后焦炭平均孔径小,比表面积大,抗拉强度高。焦炭抗拉强度随孔隙率和平均孔径增加而降低,平均孔径小于30μm时抗拉强度随比表面积增加而降低,大于30μm时随比表面积减小而降低。焦炭中小孔数量越多抗拉强度越高,大孔数量越多抗拉强度越低。相同反应率下, H2 O反应后焦炭中小孔数量增加,比表面积大,有利于保护气孔壁结构,抑制高温抗拉强度的降低。     

高炉熔渣中煤-CO2气化反应性的实验研究

利用STA409PC综合热分析仪以等温热重法对高炉熔渣中煤焦-CO2气化反应性进行了研究,主要考察了渣煤比、气化反应温度和煤种对气化反应的影响,并用反应速率方程法对其动力学参数进行求算.实验结果表明:煤焦的碳转化率、气化反应速率与渣煤比正相关;在煤焦的气化反应中,高炉熔渣具有一定的促进作用;在1673K以下,煤焦的碳转化率、气化反应速率峰值随温度的升高而上升,而当温度高于1673K后,煤焦的碳转化率、气化反应速率峰值随温度的上升呈现下降的趋势;不同煤种,其气化反应性有很大的差异,大同煤的气化反应性要好于阜新煤和焦炭;不同条件下,煤焦的气化反应动力学参数具有很大的差异,焦炭的表观活化能和指前因子随渣煤比的增大而升高,阜新煤的表观活化能和指前因子随渣煤比的增加先降低、后升高.     

焦炭高温性质对高炉炉况的影响

采用可调气氛高温抗压试验机研究焦炭的高温抗压强度。在高炉实际反应程度范围内,焦炭抗压强度与失碳率呈近似直线关系。失碳率对强度的影响随温度升高而减弱,抗压强度也随温度升高而降低。在此基础上,从理论上分析了高炉用焦炭的破碎机理。     

焦炭高温性质对高炉炉况的影响

采用可调气氛高温抗压试验机研究焦炭的高温抗压强度.在高炉实际反应程度范围内,焦炭抗压强度与失碳率呈近似直线关系.失碳率对强度的影响随温度升高而减弱,抗压强度也随温度升高而降低.在此基础上,从理论上分析了高炉用焦炭的破碎机理.     

稻草快速热解半焦的CO_2气化动力学

利用热重分析仪研究了快速热解温度为400,500,600℃时得到的稻草半焦的CO2气化动力学。研究了温度为850,900,950,1 000℃时半焦的CO2气化过程。结果表明,随着稻草热解温度的提高,半焦的气化反应速率呈下降趋势。利用随机孔模型进行了模拟,并计算出了其动力学参数。结果表明,随机孔模型能较好地反映快速热解稻草半焦气化反应速率达到最大值后再下降的现象,与实验结果相吻合,半焦的活化能随着快速热解温度的升高而升高。     

城市生活垃圾原料性质对干馏及气化过程的影响

将城市生活垃圾样品经预处理后置于φ40×750不锈钢间歇式固定床气化炉内进行气化反应,考察不同原料组分对垃圾干馏与气化过程的影响。认为城市生活垃圾的有机物部分作为制气原料,气化活性较高(1000℃时CO_2转化率达92％)。气化强度大,燃气组分与煤制气组分基本接近。试验结果得干馏阶段燃气热值一般在9.62～10.04 MJ/m~3(2300～4000 Kcal/m~3),气化阶段燃气热值在3.35～4.18 MJ/m~3(800～1000 kcal/m~3),垃圾有机物中灰分、固定碳和挥发分对干馏和气化过程均有影响。考察干馏和气化的综合效果,当反应温度为900℃,混合气为气化剂时,燃气热值可达4.60～5.65 MJ/m~3(1100～1350 kcal/m~3),但气体产率不大于1.5 m~3/kg。     

氧气高炉循环煤气加热过程中的析碳行为

以氧气高炉循环煤气加热工艺为背景,在实验室条件下研究了CO和H2体积分数较高的煤气加热时的析碳行为.实验结果表明,温度和CO2体积分数是影响析碳反应的重要因素.在300~700℃范围内,当温度低于500℃时,析碳反应速度随温度的升高而增加;当高于此温度时,反应速度随温度的升高而下降.析碳反应包括CO分解析碳反应以及CO和H2的混合析碳反应.对比热力学理论与实验现象分析了析碳过程中以上两个反应可能起到的作用.采用扫描电镜,从微观结构上观察了500~700℃时加热过程中析出碳的形态并研究了析碳行为.另外,随着CO2体积分数的增加,析碳反应速率逐渐降低.在500℃和600℃时,CO2体积分数的增加对析碳行为有较大抑制作用,尤其在500℃时这种抑制作用更加明显.     

316L奥氏体不锈钢焊接热影响区性能

为了研究316L焊接热影响区性能,采用特定的热、应力、应变模拟控制曲线,对其在20℃、600℃、1000℃及1100℃几种温度进行热模拟拉伸试验,获得了此种材料在多种应变速率下的应力-应变曲线。结果表明,在一定的应变速率下,316L的弹性模量E及屈服极限σ0.2都随温度升高明显降低;在室温及高温下,316L存在着σ0.2随应变速率提高而提高的应变率效应,且应变率敏感性随温度升高而增加。同时,还观察到316L在高温（1000℃的1100℃)塑性状态下由粘塑性引起的应力松驰现象及室温下的加工硬化现象。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with