哈耶克自由与法治论述评——读《自由秩序原理》

《自由秩序原理》是哈耶克自由主义理论的代表作,该书中关于自由的论述极为精辟,为我们理解和把握哈耶克的自由主义理论提供了一种适当的研究路径。作者拟对该书的主要部分即自由和法治理论进行粗陋的述评,以深化对自由和法治的认识。     

探寻自治立法与哈耶克的自由主义理论之关联——《自由秩序原理》读后

哈耶克是20世纪自由主义的重要代表人物之一,主张"法治下的自由".<自由秩序原理>是其自由主义理论的代表作,该书关于自由的论述极为精辟,为进一步深入理解和把握哈耶克的自由主义理论提供了一种适当的研究路径.自治立法思想与哈耶克的自由秩序原理相契合,属于自生自发秩序的范畴.     

从法律的维度解读哈耶克的《法律、立法与自由》

通读新自由主义学者哈耶克的著作《法律、立法与自由》三卷本,了解哈耶克在建构其自由主义理论的逻辑上,形成宏大的自由主义社会哲学体系,阐发了从社会理论到自由理论再到法律理论的建构过程,理解法律理论是把握社会理论和自由理论的重要路径。     

自由.强制.法治——浅析哈耶克的自由观

作为古典自由主义的代表人物,哈耶克将自由界定为人的一种状态,一种强制的不存在。他认为,自由只能是“法治下的自由”,自由与法律相互联结,自由离不开法律的保障,法律的目的是保障自由的实现。     

简述哈耶克的自由观

哈耶克的自由指的是个人自由,是一种人的状态,即"一个人不受制于另一个人或另一些人因专断意志而产生的强制的状态"。哈耶克的自由观的主要特点是:自由与强制相对,自由是一个否定性概念——消极自由,自由与责任相联系,自由具有不可转让性,自由是人与他人之间的关系;法治是自由得以实现的保障。哈耶克从"法律之下的自由"出发,认为要想使自由成为可能,自由的法律应具有一般性(或抽象性)、公开性、确定性和平等性。     

个人自由与社会主义的冲突－－哈耶克自由与正义思想述评

哈耶克崇尚个人自由，把财产，市场法治等视为自由的重要保障，认为社会正义会破坏自由的基础，与个人自由相冲突，只有消除社会正义的幻象，才能解决定冲突，作者认为过去的社会正义要求确有不少虚幻的成分，但并不能否定所有社会正义要求的意义，个人,自由与社会正义的冲突不仅会持续下去，并且也很可能是有益的。     

在政治自由中积极捍卫个人自由——贡斯当的自由观辨析

在欧洲大陆，贡斯当最早对卢梭的理论作出系统批判，通过对法国大革命的总结而积极地推行自由主义政治原则。他首次明确区分了个人自由和政治自由，并强调个人自由是真正的自由，政治自由是个人自由的保、障，因而不能因政治自由而牺牲个人自由。     

从消极自由到积极自由——论密尔的自由主义

密尔是古典自由主义集大成者,他的自由理论既总结了传统自由主义,又开启了向新自由主义转变的历史潮流.当古典自由主义在当代复兴时,另一位自由主义大师柏林对自由概念进行了积极自由与消极自由的区分,并认为密尔是消极自由最典型的代表,但运用这两种自由概念对密尔的自由主义进行重新解读时,发现密尔的自由主义中存在着积极自由因素:密尔把人的社会生活划分为私人领域和公共领域,在私人领域,个人的自由是去做什么的自由,即积极自由;而在公共领域,个人的自由是免于做什么的自由,即消极自由.因此,不能将密尔完全视为消极自由者,而无视他自由思想中的积极自由的一面.     

无知与自由——哈耶克知识论问题探微

哈耶克在其政治哲学理论中极为强调人类知识的有限性,亦即人类的无知。不过人类在知识上的有限性并非意味着人的自由受到束缚,相反,这种无知与人的自由之间存在着直接关系。这种理性观构成了哈耶克理论体系最为重要的知识论基础,在这个基础之上,哈耶克展开了反对建构主义和尊重自发秩序这两个重要理论观点。     

哈耶克《自由宪章》简评

从哈耶克自由主义的三大基石“无知论”、“进化论”、“自生自发秩序”三个方面简要分析哈耶克论证中存在的基本矛盾和错误，同时指出，在任何一种社会制度下，都不可能取消理性的整体建构；我们所能做的仅仅是运用理性的批判，一方面确保每种理性的建构都保持在其特定的领域内，一方面在特定的领域内不断推动理性建构的修正与进步。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that