四川中江气田沙溪庙组天然气成因类型及气源对比

探讨四川盆地中江气田侏罗系沙溪庙组天然气的成因和气源,为找气提供理论依据。利用天然气组分特征、碳同位素特征、轻烃特征等地球化学资料对该区天然气成因类型进行了分析,根据轻烃的气、源配对参数和碳同位素参数对天然气的来源进行了追踪。沙溪庙组天然气以烃类气体为主,含少量的非烃类气体,为腐植型干酪根裂解成因的煤型气;对碳同位素和轻烃的研究均表明,天然气为有机成因的煤型气。气源对比结果表明,须五段烃源岩为沙溪庙组煤型气的主要来源。中江气田侏罗系沙溪庙组气藏为次生气藏。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区天然气地球化学特征及其成因

在对鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区奥陶系天然气地球化学特征研究的基础上,将其组分、烷烃气碳同位素、氦同位素、氩同位素等与盆地中部主要气田进行了对比,并结合区域地质背景综合分析了天然气的成因类型.指出该地区奥陶系天然气具有"干燥系数大、二氧化碳含量高、烷烃气碳同位素组成轻、热演化程度高"的特点,与靖边气田奥陶系天然气地球化学特征非常接近.应用国内学者建立的甲烷碳同位素与镜质体反射率关系方程式计算了富县地区奥陶系天然气的Ro约为3.33%,处于过成熟演化阶段.利用天然气成因判别图版综合分析,认为富县地区奥陶系天然气为油型气和煤成气的混合气体,且以油型气为主.     

新场地区上三叠统须五段陆相页岩层系非常规天然气特征与成因

除下古生界海相页岩具有页岩气开采的价值外,四川盆地陆相领域页岩层序也非常发育;其中川西坳陷须五段获得突破,但其非常规天然气地球化学特征十分复杂、成因类型多样,开展非常规天然气特征和成因的研究对于有效的认识四川盆地陆相页岩的勘探开发前景具有重要意义。在对川西坳陷上三叠统须五段陆相页岩层序天然气组分和同位素特征分析的基础上,结合该区实际地质条件的分析,研究了天然气的成因类型、天然气成熟度和天然气的赋存状态。结果表明:须五段天然气主要为烃类气体,甲烷含量、干燥系数变化大;但平均值较低,烷烃同位素具有δ13C1δ13C2δ13C3δ13C4的正常序列分布特点;但甲烷碳同位素值(δ13C1)变化大,在-44.4‰~-27.1‰之间;乙烷碳同位素值明显偏轻,介于-28.1‰~-22.9‰之间。须五段天然气为典型煤型气,具有成熟-中等成熟阶段热成因气的特征;天然气为吸附气与游离气的混合气体,但以吸附气为主,在生产过程中,由于同位素的分馏效应,导致天然气甲烷碳同位素偏重。     

百色盆地第三系浅层气成因类型与形成机制

在分析百色盆地第三系浅层气地球化学特征的基础上，利用天然气的化学组成和稳定碳同位素比值关系对该盆地浅层气的成因类型进行鉴别，同时根据浅层气的赋存状态与空间展布规律，从浅层气的化学组成和碳同位素组成变化特征入手，结合其它地质、地化资料，探讨盆地浅层气的形成机制。认为百色盆地浅层气以烃类气体为主，其中甲烷占优势；甲烷碳同位素组成偏轻，具有生物成因气的碳同位素组成特征。随气藏埋深增加，浅层气中甲烷含量降低，Cz 重烃增多；甲烷碳同位素组成变重；天然气密度升高。盆地浅层气可划分为三种成因类型：生物气、生物气-低熟混合气、油层菌解气。提出盆地具有沉积、成岩过程中的早期成气作用、抬升之后的后期成气作用和晚期复合成藏三种形成机制。     

川西坳陷中段须家河组天然气地球化学特征与气源追踪

川西坳陷中段上三叠统须家河组天然气组成、碳同位素、天然气轻烃的地球化学特征及气源追踪研究表明:须家河组天然气不含H2S,属于典型的煤成气.其中川西坳陷整体表现为须二天然气以自生自储为主,不排除下部小塘子组和马鞍塘组源岩对其有一定贡献.须四上亚段天然气也以自生自储为主,在有断达深部的断裂发育地区可能有下部(如须二)天然气窜层运移至该层,须四下亚段天然气主要来自须三段.须五段天然气则主要为自生自储为主.     

济阳坳陷孤北潜山天然气地球化学特征及成因分类

运用天然气地球化学分析技术,详细剖析了济阳坳陷孤北潜山带天然气的组成、稳定碳同位素及轻烃色谱特征,从中提取出了反映天然气母源及热演化程度的有效信息,并依据天然气成因类型划分标准对其进行了分类.认为该区天然气皆为有机成因的热解气,其中古近系沙四段和奥陶系储层的天然气为油型气;石炭-二叠系储层的天然气部分为煤型气,部分为煤型气和油型气的混合气.     

桥口、白庙地区天然气地球化学特征及气源追踪

目的 为指导油气勘探,对桥口、白庙地区油气的地球化学特征及气源追踪进行了研究。方法 通过对天然气成分、稳定碳同位素、稀有气体同位素等地化特征的对比研究,准确分析油气的来源地区和层位。结果 桥口地区油气主要来源于前梨园洼陷下第三系烃源岩,天然气为油型气;白庙地区油气成因比较复杂,有来源于前梨园洼陷、葛岗集洼陷的下第三系烃源岩和深部石炭-二叠纪煤系地层烃源岩,其构造翼部为油型气,构造腰部为混合气,构造高部为煤型气。结论 为气源分析提供了一种新方法,对天然气勘探有重要意义。     

塔里木盆地轮南地区天然气成藏特征分析

通过天然气物性特征统计分析,阐明了轮南地区天然气分布特征,指出深部的奥陶系和石炭系天然气干燥系数较高,一般在0.95以上;三叠系天然气干燥系数较低,大都在0.9附近。通过天然气地球化学特征及成因分析,阐明了轮南地区天然气为油型气且为干酪根裂解气的成因,揭示了天然气碳同位素局部倒转由同型不同源或同源不同期天然气混合造成。结合油气成藏过程分析,认为三叠系天然气主要是分馏作用形成的,所以干燥系数较低;深部奥陶系和石炭系天然气主要是烃源岩过成熟期生成的天然气,因此干燥系数较高。两期天然气的混合导致天然气碳同位素局部倒转,由于烃源岩过成熟期生成的天然气主要是甲烷,所以混合后仅出现甲烷和乙烷的碳同位素倒转。     

鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷北部奥陶系天然气成藏期次

以鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷北部奥陶系含气储层为研究对象,进行天然气成藏期次研究。采用流体包裹体岩相学观察及均一温度测试、气烃包裹体激光拉曼和包裹体碳同位素分析技术,结合埋藏热演化史分析,确定了天然气成藏期次,并根据已有天然气地球化学特征及成藏地质条件,建立了成藏流体演化特征及成藏过程。结果表明,奥陶系含气储层发育早、晚两期烃类包裹体,早期以沥青包裹体和液烃包裹体为主,反映早期原油成藏过程,包裹体均一温度峰值122～142℃对应中侏罗世成藏过程;晚期发育气液烃和气烃包裹体为主,包裹体均一温度峰值154～168℃对应侏罗纪末—早白垩世成藏过程。包裹体气烃成分主要为CH_4,其甲烷碳同位素平均值在-38.84‰,表明包裹体中CH_4来源于早期原油裂解成因气。结合研究区天然气成藏地质特征分析,侏罗纪末-早白垩世为天然气关键成藏期,在天环坳陷斜坡深部及深凹陷区可以形成源自奥陶系气源岩的内幕气藏。     

长岭断陷南部地区断陷层油气成藏机制及勘探潜力

利用天然气组成、轻烃指纹、碳同位素和生物标志化合物以及储层流体包裹体等地球化学特征,结合地质条件以及生烃史-热史模拟研究长岭断陷南部的龙凤山地区油气成因及成藏过程,揭示其油气成藏机制。结果表明:龙凤山地区断陷层天然气属于腐殖型和腐泥型的混合气,且为裂解气和干酪根热降解气组成的混合气,油气源主要为本地的沙河子组烃源岩,原油成熟度低于天然气,为同一油源不同热演化阶段的产物,属于次生凝析气藏,成藏表现为"近源多向供烃,复合输导,早期干酪根热降解成气与晚期原油裂解成气"的多期成藏模式;长岭南部地区发育优质烃源岩、营城组末期形成的反转构造提供了圈闭条件,具备较好油气输导条件、存在多期油气充注,油气勘探潜力大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with