TE(X)的变种半群TE(X;θ)的若干性质

设X是一个非空集合，E是X上的等价关系，TE(X)={f∈JX2↓A(a，b)∈E，(f(a)，f(b))∈E)．对于半群S中的一个取定元素θ∈S，重新定义S上的运算。为f。g=fθg，其中等式右边表示原来的运算，S关于这个新的运算所成的半群称为S的变种半群．本文讨论了TE(X；θ)的Green关系和Symons同余之间的联系．     

TE(X)的由幂等元生成的子半群

设X为有限集合,()X为X上的全变换半群,设E为X上任一非平凡等价关系,变换半群TE(X)定义为TE(X)={f∈()X:()(a,b)∈E,(f(a),f(b))∈E}.讨论了半群TE(X)的由幂等元生成的子半群T2,以及由亏值为1的幂等元作为生成元时,T2的极小生成元集,并且求出了这个极小生成集的元素个数.     

保持双向等价关系的变换半群自然偏序关系的若干结果

设X为任意的非空集合，TX是X上的全变换半群。设E是X上的一个等价关系，TE*！（X）是由等价关系E所决定的TX的子半群，满足（x，y）∈E当且仅当（f（x）， f（y））∈E 。将讨论TE*！（X）中的变换在自然偏序关系下的覆盖元以及任意两个变换的上（下）界。     

一类保等价关系部分变换半群的Green关系和正则性

设X为任意集合且X≥3,PX为集合X上的部分变换半群,对于X上的非平凡等价关系E,令PE(X)={f∈PX:(a,b)∈E,(f(a),f(b))∈E},那么PE(X)是PX的一个子半群.从较特殊的情况出发,考虑E为X上的单等价关系,即E=(A×A)∪Δ(X)其中A是X的真子集且A>1,Δ(X)=(x,x):x∈X.给出了PE(X)的正则元的充分必要条件及PE(X)的正则性,刻划了PE(X)的Green关系及PE(X)的正则元之间的Green关系.     

一类变换半群的秩

设Tx为集合X上的全变换半群，E是X上一个等价关系．令TE(X)={f∈TX；↓A（x，y）∈E（f,x),f(y))∈E}，则TE(X)是Tx的一个子半群．本文讨论对于一个较为特殊的情况，即E只有两个等价类，且每个等价类有n(n≥3)个点．结果发现，这时TE(X)有一组生成元，含有5个元素，从而确定了TE(X)的秩不超过5．     

一个变换半群的同余(英文)

设X是一个集合,|X|>3,TX为集合X上的全变换半群.设E为X上的一个等价关系,TE(X)={f∈TX:(x,y)∈E■(f(x),f(y))∈E}为由等价关系E决定的TX的一个子半群.记T2(X)={f∈TE(X):|f(X)|≤2}∪{id},这里id表示X上的恒等映射,则T2(X)是TE(X)的一个子半群.另外还描述了半群T2(X)上的几个同余.     

一类保持等价关系的变换半群的正则性和格林关系

设X为非空集合,|X|>3,TX是X上的全变换半群.设E是X上的一个等价关系,TE(X)是由等价关系E所决定的TX的子半群,满足(x,y)∈E,(f(x),f(y))∈E.记T2(X)是TE(X)的一个子半群,满足f∈T2(X),|f(X)|≤2.讨论了半群T2(X)上的格林关系和正则元.     

保等价关系变换半群TE(X)的秩

设TX为集合X上的全变换半群,E为X上一个非平凡的等价关系.令TE(X)={f∈TX∶(a,b)∈E■(af,bf)∈E}则它在映射的合成运算下做成TX的一个子半群.称TE(X)为保等价关系变换半群.现讨论对于一个特殊情况,即X是有限的且E只有两个等价类,分别含有r,l(l>r>1)个元.我先讨论同胚群G的秩,然后考虑的TE(X)秩.结果发现,这时TE(X)有一组生成元,含有Crl+7个元素,从而确定了TE(X)的秩不超过Crl+7.     

一类变换半群的左相容元

设TX是非空集合X上全变换半群,E是X上非平凡的等价关系,R是X/E的横断面,则TE(X,R)={f∈TX:x,y∈X,(x,y)∈E(f(x),f(y))∈E且f(R)R}是TX的子半群.本文赋予半群TE(X,R)自然偏序关系,通过构造映射的方法,刻画它的左相容元,给出充要条件.     

一类部分变换半群的Green关系

X为任意集且|X|≥5,E是X上的双等价关系,即E=(A×A)∪(B×B)∪Δ(X)其中A,B是X的真子集且|A|>1,|B|>1,Δ(X)={(x,x):x∈X}.PX表示集合X上的部分变换半群,令PE(X)={f∈PX:(a,b)∈E且a,b∈domf,(f(a),f(b))∈E},那么PE(X)是PX上的一个子半群.刻划了PE(X)的G reen关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with