Experimental production of very small lesions by electrocoagulation

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass Elektrokoagulieren mit kleinen Elektrodenspitzen nur dann möglich ist, wenn hohe Frequenzen gebraucht werden, sonst bilden sich Gasblasen. Je kleiner die Spitze ist, desto höher muss die Frequenz gewählt werden.     

Experimental production of chick embryo neural tube opening ‘in vitro’

Resumen La reapertura del tubo neural de embrión de pollo, obtenida «in vitro» mediante la acción de extractos de glandula submaxilar de rata, o de tripsina, es analizada.     

Experimental observations on the participation of macrophages in the mechanism of antibody production

Riassunto Gli autori hanno iniettato nella zampa di conigli riceventi materiale macrofagico di essudato peritoneale di conigli donatori immunizzati conSalmonellae per via intraperitoneale; hanno poi osservato agglutinazionein vitro fra cellule di linfonodo popliteo degli animali riceventi, eSalmonallae del ceppo usato per l'immunizzazione. Gli autori ritengono quindi probabile che i macrofagi abbiano la capacità di trasferire stimoli antigenici.

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This work has been supported by a grant from the C.E.C.A. — European Community of Coal and Steel.     

Experimental antibodies to walker ascitic tumour cell nuclei: Their production and biological activity

Zusammenfassung Es gelang bei einer Kaninchen-Immunisierung mit Walkers Ascites-Tumorzellkernen, die zuvor mit einem humanen, antinukleären Serum inkubiert wurden, experimentelle, spezifische, fluoreszierende Antikörper zu produzieren. Die gewonnenen Kaninchen-Antisera haben in vivo einen signifikanten Inhibitionseffekt auf Walkers Ascites-Tumorzellen der Ratten.     

On local realism and commutativity

James D. Malley and Arthur Fine have argued that interest in noncontextual hidden variable theories is misplaced because at bottom such theories are simply attempts to turn noncommuting quantities into commuting ones. We disagree and argue that the issues are richer and more complex.     

Conformation and local anesthetic activity of carbanilates

Summary The influence of spatial configuration on intensity, onset, and duration of anesthetic effect has been observed in some carbanilate local anesthetics of fixed conformation. Synthesis of the carbanilates is described.     

The active form of local anesthetic drugs

Riassunto Il problema della forma attiva degli anestetici locali é stato studiato determinando l'effetto della tetracaina sul trasporto di Na, K, Ca, Mg in un modello di membrana. Poiché l'azione dell'anestetico é massima a pH acido, é probabile che il farmaco agisca in forma cationica.     

Glycerol production byDunaliella

Summary Species of the unicellular algaDunaliella possess outstanding tolerance of a wide range of salinities. They can adapt to grow in salt media which range from less than 0.5 M to saturated salt solutions and withstand enormous osmotic shocks through a unique osmotic adaptation. The osmoregulating mechanism depends on photosynthetic production of glycerol, whose intracellular concentration varies in direct proportion to the extracellular salt concentration and reaches values in excess of 50% of the total dry weight of the cells.Dunaliella, and another halotolerant glycerol producing alga,Asteromonas gracilis, osmoregulate biochemically by controlling glycerol biosynthesis and degradation. 3 new enzymes, NADPH-dihydroxyacetone-reductase, dihydroxyacetone kinase and glycerol-1-phosphatase seem to be involved in the osmoregulatory response via glycerol inDunaliella andAsteromonas. A hypothetical scheme of glycerol metabolism in these algae utilizing these enzymes is presented. Growth studies ofDunaliella indoors and outdoors showed that salt concentrations favoring maximal glycerol productivity are not identical with those required for maximal algal productivity. Maximal yield of glycerol occurred around 2 M NaCl while maximal algal productivity occurred below 0.5 M NaCl. Observed yields of glycerol inDunaliella culture outdoors are compared with theoretically calculated maximal yield.     

Mass production ofSpirulina

Conclusions A large industrial production ofSpirulina and its products is possible already now, thanks to technological development. This production capacity and its excellent properties as a food have justified the effort to overcome the barriers of sanitary regulations in countries such as Mexico, Japan, Canada, the United States of America, France, Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, New Zealand, Australia, Korea etc., where its consumption is expanding. In the forecoming years, the production ofSpirulina is expected to reach several thousands of tons yearly, which will initiate a massive production and consumption program.Spirulina, which Farrar⁹ calls glimpse of the Aztec food technology, will undergo a broad distribution and its alimentary benefits will be within everyone's reach.At present, Sosa Texcoco is ready to market 500 tons more in 1982, and is working on another expansion of 2000 tons per year which should be realized by 1983.     

Enzyme variability in local populations ofDrosophila species

Summary Dimeric acid phosphatases are coded by allelic variants of a single autosomal gene. Esterases have revealed allelic as well as non-allelic polymorphism. Allelic frequencies and proportion of heterozygosity at the polymorphic loci have been described.     

o-N-diisopropylaminoethoxy-butyrophenone,a new local anaesthetic drug

Riassunto Da una serie di-fenossietilamine acilate è stata selezionata una nuova sostanza e cioè l'o-N-diisopropylaminoetossibutirrofenone, che possiede elevate proprietà anestetiche locali di superficie, per infiltrazione e tronculari. Si sono comparate le attività anestetiche e la tossicità del nuovo composto con quelle della cocaina e della procaina.