热管在空调节能中应用探讨

热管是高效率的传热元件,可以用来回收空调系统排风中的能量.在直流式空调系统和一次回风系统中分别采用热管换热器进行对比,分析了增加热管换热器后空调系统的节能情况.论证了热管在空调应用中的可实施性.     

热回收型热管式蒸发冷却空调机组自控方案设计

为了保障蒸发冷却空调机组工作稳定并且达到节能、节省人力的目的,本文在分析热回收型热管式(间接+直接)蒸发冷却空调机组的空气处理过程的基础上,采用西门子PLC设计了自动控制方案,实现了蒸发冷却空调机组运行过程的自动控制.     

一种新型的空调系统空气处理方法及其节能分析

针对现有空调系统空气处理方法存在的不足,提出一种热湿分段的空调系统空气处理方法.分析了热湿分段处理方法的原理和过程,通过建立热湿分段处理方法的节能数学模型,研究并得出了表冷器结构、空调回风状态对热湿分段处理方法节能效果的影响规律.结果表明:相对于常规空气处理方法,热湿分段处理方法在表冷器设计换热温差7 ℃、出风温度为16 ℃时,冷水机组COP提高达9.14%以上;在回风干球温度为25 ℃、湿球温度为21 ℃时,冷水机组COP提高达8%以上.     

昆明地区空调设计的特殊性及其分析

昆明地区属于气候温和地区, 建筑的空调设计要充分考虑到其气候特点,应根据本地区的实际情况计算冷负荷,避免设计负荷太大, 初投资及运行费用偏高的现象;夏季应适当加大新风量,过度季节尽可能利用室外新风的降温能力;同时在设计送风量很大的洁净空调系统时,应采用二次回风系统,以使空气处理机组中的表冷器在合理的传热工况下工作;当实际设计的空气处理机的回风温度与样本测试工况相差较大时,应对选用的冷盘管的换热能力进行校核计算,根据校核计算正确确定空气处理机中冷(热)盘管的排数, 确保在保证使用效果的前提下降低设备初投资。     

双冷源空调机组供冷性能实验分析

常规空调系统一般以冷凝除湿为主,之后需要再热才能满足送风温度要求,即浪费了冷量又消耗了再热的热量。为降低空调系统再热负荷,提出了双冷源空调机组。双冷源空调机组是在组合式空调机组中设置两个或多个表冷器,各表冷器可根据其功能采用低温冷源(如供回水7/12℃)和高温冷源(如供回水14/19℃)。为研究双冷源空调机组性能,试制了一种双冷源组合式空调机组,采用两组表冷器并联的形式组装。实验研究了高温表冷器的供冷能力、全热交换效率和除湿效率等变化规律,并分析了其供冷性能和节能性。结果表明,高温表冷器单独运行时,理想制冷效率显著提高,节能效果明显,送风温差可以满足室内要求,但除湿能力不足。两组表冷器联合运行通过合理设置表冷器的送风占比,完全可以满足空调系统送风要求,节约再热能量,达到节能的效果。在双冷源空调机组运行过程中,高温表冷器承担的负荷部分越大,系统的能效比EER就越大,节能效果越明显。     

住宅辐射制冷-独立新风空调系统 负荷比的多目标优化

为实现辐射制冷-独立新风空调系统负荷比的多目标优化,引入了BES-CFD耦合仿真方法,以长沙市某应用辐射制冷-独立新风空调系统的住宅房间为研究案例,同时研究了不同的送风温差和不同负荷比下的系统能耗及室内热环境,从节能、热舒适和运行安全性的角度,分析了最佳负荷比范围. 结果表明：考虑系统节能性时,不同送风温差的最佳负荷比范围分别为：46%~85%（4 ℃）、16%~85%（6 ℃）、3%~85%（8 ℃）,且送风温差较大时更节能. 从热舒适角度分析,最佳负荷比范围分别为：20%~72%（4 ℃）、16%~59%（6 ℃）、3%~50%（8 ℃）,较小的送风温差具有更大的负荷比调节区间. 各工况下顶板与地板壁面温度均高于近壁面空气露点温度,无结露风险. 综合考虑节能性、舒适性及安全性的最优负荷比宜取：46%~72%（4 ℃）、16%~59%（6 ℃）、3%~50%（8 ℃）.     

对变风量空调系统的探讨

变风量空调系统具有节约能耗、空调品质高、运行维护简单等突出优点,已获得了越来越广泛的应用.空气处理机组是变风量空调系统中的关键空调设备,对它的运行控制直接影响到变风量空调系统的成败和节能的效果.在系统设计过程中,空气处理机组控制方案与控制参数的确定.应引起空调设计师与自控设计师的高度重视.变风量空调系统中空气处理机组的控制功能,除应具备常规定风量空气处理机组中的各类保护与报警功能外,还必须具备送风温度控制功能、送风量控制功能、排风量控制功能、新风量控制功能等.为充分发挥变风量空调系统的优势,自控运行方案还应分冬季、夏季、过渡季三个运行工况设定.本文论述变风量空调系统中空气处理机组的送风温度、送风量、新风量等参数的控制方式和设定值的选择,提出了完整的变风量空调系统中空气处理机组的控制方案,并讨论变风量空调系统过渡季运行方案.     

液体除湿空调系统的实验研究

以实际液体除湿空调系统为对象,改变液体除湿空调系统中除湿器、再生器的输入空气、溶液的温度、湿度、流量、浓度等参数,研究输入参数变化对输出参数的影响.在优化的系统运行参数条件下,改变供能热源温度,研究液体除湿空调系统整体运行时输出参数的变化和系统制冷量、耗能量及COP值的变化规律.实验结果表明,当再生热源为90℃时,空调送风温度稳定在21℃,热力系数为0.6左右,基本能满足舒适性空调的送风要求.     

船用溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统

分析了海洋环境、船舶运行的特点,从能量利用的角度出发,构建一种新型的船用溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统,并根据ISO7547标准的设计参数,对该系统在不同新风比下的性能进行理论分析.分析结果表明,该系统能够满足送风要求,且当新风比大于40%时,与传统的船用一次回风空调系统相比,节能潜力大于60%.该系统能够充分利用船舶空调湿负荷大、船舶余热多以及海水冷源充足的特点,实现船舶空调的节能     

基于空调能量回收的平板热管传热性能

为了开发一种用于空调系统排风能量回收的热管式换热器,设计一种单面槽道板式脉动热管并对其传热性能进行实验研究,分析在空气强制对流冷却条件下冷热段比例、工质、充液率、倾角对其热性能的影响。研究结果表明:热管冷热段轴向长度比例为6:4时,导热性能最好;丙酮工质时的热管传热性能优于水工质的热管传热性能;倾角对其传热性能的影响不大;该热管采用丙酮工质、充液率为20%时具有最高的传热性能及最低的启动温度,适于空调系统排风的能量回收。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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