多个未满L次壳层等效电子耦合原子态的矩阵计算

给出用Matlab编程计算多个未满l次壳层的等效电子LS耦合原子态的矩阵计算方法,具体计算了5f46d电 子组态LS耦合原子态.     

原子基态的确定方法

原子的基态是原子能量的最低状态,这对于研究原子的电子壳层结构具有重要的意义,本文给出了确定原子基态的一种方法.     

交换相互作用和屏蔽参数对类锂原子能量的影响

讨论了类锂原子内壳层电子和外壳层电子的交换相互作用和屏蔽效应,采用变分法计算类锂原子的基态能量,计算结果表明这些效应对Ｌｉ,Ｂｅ＾＋,Ｂ＾２＋基态能量的贡献约为６ｅＶ。     

确定原子基态的具体方法

<正> 元素周期表中,原子的基态电子组态可分为两种情况:一个未满次壳层上有r个电子;两个未满次壳层的一个上有r_1个电子,另一个上有r_2个电子。洪特定则提供了关于组态中最低能级结构的资料。洪特定则可陈述为:给定组态的最低能级具有S的最大值,而且与之对应的L的可能值也最大。关于能级的次序,洪特又提出了一个仅对等效电子构成的组态成立的附加定则:一个次壳层满额半数以上的电子(但还未满)构成的能级一般具有倒转次序,J=L+S;少于满额半数以下的电子构成的能级一般具有正常次序,J=|L-S|。于是对     

氖原子和类氖离子基态能量的变分计算

在考虑了电子间交换作用以及内外壳层电子的不同屏蔽效应的基础上,利用变分原理,计算了氖原子和类氖离子基态非相对论性能量,计算结果与实验观测值相当接近,对于氖原子基态的能量,误差只有0.24%.     

镁原子基态能量的计算

在考虑了电子间交换相互作用以及内外壳层电子的不同屏蔽效应的基础上,利用变分原理,计算了镁原子和类镁离子(Z=12→17)基态非相对论性能量,计算结果与实验观测值相当接近,误差小于0.3%.     

铍原子基态能量和波函数的变分计算

利用变分原理,计算铍原子(含类铍离子)基态非相对论性能量和波函数,计算中考虑了电子间的交换作用以及内外壳层电子的不同屏蔽效应,计算结果与实验值很相符,能量误差小于0.2%.     

同科电子各多重态的微观态个数计算公式

本文根据文献给出的一种推求同科电子组态的原子谱项的方法,利用"矢量和的定则"推导出了同科电子各多重态的微观态个数计算公式,并具体计算了nf2、nf5组态的各多重态的微观态个数,结果与根据文献给出的谱项计算各多重态的微观态个数完全一致.     

氮原子和类氮离子基态能量的变分计算

利用对角和法则,导出了氮原子和类氮离子(Z=7-12)基态(电子组态为1s22s2p3)非相对论能量的解析表达式.在考虑了电子间交换相互作用以及内外壳层电子的不同屏蔽效应的基础上,利用变分原理计算了能量值,计算结果与实验数据符合得较好,误差均小于0.3%.     

钠原子基态能量的计算

运用对角和法则,导出钠原子(含类钠离子Z=11-14)基态(电子组态为1s22s22p63s1)的非相对论性能量的解析表达式.在考虑电子间交换相互作用以及内外壳层电子的不同屏蔽效应的基础上,再利用变分法计算能量值,计算结果与试验数据符合较好,误差小于0.45%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with