甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应机理的原位时间分辨IR光谱和Raman光谱表征

采用原位时间分辨红外光谱、原位显微Raman光谱、脉冲反应－质谱、TPR和以CO为探针分子的IR光谱等技术对SiO2、γ-Al2O3负载的Rh、Ru催化剂上甲烷部分氧化（POM）制合成气反应机理进行了研究。实验结果表明，在H2还原的Rh/SiO2上，CO是VCH4／VO2／VAr(2/1/45)混合气反应的初级产物，由CH4直接氧化生成CO和H2是该催化剂上POM反应的主要途径。CO2是Ru/SiO2和Ru/γ-Al2O3上POM反应的初级产物，因而燃烧－重整机理是相应催化剂上CO和H2生成的主要途径。反应条件下催化剂表面氧（O^2-)物各浓度的差异很可能是导致上述催化剂体系上POM反应机理不同的主要原因，其本质可能源于Rh和Ru对氧的亲合力的不同。Rh/γ-Al2O3上POM反应的机理与催化剂的焙烧温度有关，当焙烧温度低于600℃时，催化剂的POM行为与Rh/SiO2类似，CO为反应的初级产物，当焙烧温度为900℃时，CO2为POM反应的初级产物。不同焙烧温度的Rh/γ－Al2O3上POM反应机理不同的主要原因之一也取决于反应条件下催化剂表面氧物种浓度差异，其本质可能源于高温（900℃）焙烧的催化剂中Al2O3与Rh物种间存在着较强的相互作用，从而降低了Rh物种的可还原性。     

Rh-ZSM-5分子筛吸附CO、H_2O和O_2的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)结合簇模型方法研究了小分子CO、H_2O和O_2在Rh交换的ZSM-5分子筛(Rh-ZSM-5)上的吸附.理论计算结果表明:H_2O和O_2或CO可共吸附在Rh~+上形成四配位铑配合物,其中Rh仅与ZSM-5表面的一个桥氧配位;在H_2O和O_2共存时,最稳定的表面吸附物种为Rh(H_2O)_2(O_2),含一个超氧离子;引入具有强配位能力的CO后,最稳定的表面吸附物种为Rh(CO)_2(H_2O),阻碍了O_2的化学吸附.这暗示此前人们认为在CH_4/CO/H_2O/O_2/Rh-ZSM-5混合体系中通过O_2的化学吸附活化甲烷的机理还有待进一步商榷.     

Rh—Ag／SiO2催化剂上CO的吸附与加氢反应

应用表面反应红外动态技术考察了促进型铑催化剂Ｒｈ－Ａｇ／ＳｉＯ２上ＣＯ吸附及其加氢反应的性能,结果表明：线式吸附态的ＣＯ对氢的反应性能高于桥式吸附的ＣＯ,是加氢反应的主要活性吸附态．反应条件下温度升高有利于Ｒｈ－Ａｇ／ＳｉＯ２上线／桥ＣＯ吸附态强度比值的增加．表面反应生成了表面甲酰基、甲酸盐、乙酰基、乙酸盐、乙烯酮及烯醇盐等关键的Ｃ１－２含氧中间体．助剂Ａｇ的加入提高了铑催化剂上ＣＯ吸附态的线／桥强度比值以及线式吸附ＣＯ的加氢反应速率和Ｃ２含氧物的生成率．     

甲烷氧化偶联催化剂和部分氧化反应机理的原位及非原位谱学表征

采用原痊红外和原位显微Raman光谱技术及XPS、吡啶（Py)吸附的漫反射UV谱、Py-TPD、CO2-TPD等方法对含氟稀土基催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联（OCM）反应活性氧物种、催化剂表面酸碱性进行了考察。在O2预处理和/或工作条件下的SrF2/La2O3,SrF2/Nd2O3,LaOF,BaF2/LaOF和BaF2/CeO2等催化剂上原位观测到超氧物种（O2^-),并在其中前4种催化剂上检测到O2^-物种与CH4反应生成的气相C2H4,CO2和表面碳酸盐等OCM反应主、副产物。这些结果为O2^-是相应催化剂上OCM反应的活性氧物种首次提供了直接的光谱证据。研究结果表明,催化剂的OCM反应性能与其表面酸碱性的强弱并无简单的对应关系。采用原拉时间分辨红外光谱和原位显微Raman光谱技术对SiO2和γ-Al2O3负载的Rh、Ru催化剂上甲烷部分氧化（POM）制合成气反应的研究表明,由CH4直接氧化生成CO和H2是Rh/SiO2上POM反应的主要途径,而燃烧-重整机理是Ru/γ-Al2O3和Ru/SiO2上CO和H2生成的主要途径,反应条件下催化剂表面氧（O^2-)物种浓度的差异很可能是导致这两种催化剂体系上POM反应机理不同的主要原因,其本质可能源于Rh和Ru对氧的亲合力的不同。     

含有大体积取代基的聚苯乙炔的合成及表征

以4-十二烷氧基-3,5-二甲酰基苯乙炔和十二烷基苯二胺为原料,首次设计并合成了一种含大体积π-共轭平面取代基的苯乙炔衍生物,并通过核磁共振确定了单体的化学结构。以铑络合物二[氯化(二环[2,2,1]庚-2,5-二烯)铑]为催化剂,手性胺(R)-苯乙基胺为共催化剂的手性催化体系中进行聚合,成功制备了含有大体积取代基的聚苯乙炔,该聚合物具有良好的成膜性,在CO2的气体分离方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

变换-甲烷化催化剂上氢和水的吸附及其与CO的反应性能

本文应用脉冲色谱法,对镍基催化剂上H_2和H_2O的不可逆吸附,以及CO和它们的反应情况进行了研究。观察到水的解离吸附特点及其对变换-甲烷化反应,尤其是对CO活化吸附的影响。证明了实际镍基催化剂上甲烷化反应的表面碳机理。并对变换-甲烷化反应机理进行了探讨。     

以Fe3(CO)12为母体制备担载金属簇催化剂的表面化学研究

以表面浸渍的方法制备了以 Fe3 (CO) 12 为母体 ,SY分子筛为载体的担载型 Fe3 / SY催化剂 .采用 TPD- IR,UV- DRS,XPS,TPD- GC等技术综合研究了 Fe3 (CO) 12 与 SY载体间的相互作用、在真空中的热分解以及 Fe3 / SY上 CO吸附、CO和 H2 共吸附的动态过程 .IR结果表明 ,Fe3 (CO) 12 与载体之间存在着较强的相互作用 ,并由此使得簇结构得到稳定 ,脱羰过程中存在着结构的转变 .XPS及 TPD- GC结果均表明脱羰过程中铁被氧化 .U V- DRS结果表明 ,脱羰还原后表征 Fe- Fe键的特征谱带仍存在 ,并能对 CO再吸附 ,形成一个新的羰基簇合物 .根据 Fe3 / SY上CO和 H2 共吸附的结果 ,提出了 F- T合成中 C- O键的断裂是经由羰基氢化物的途径 ,而不是直接断裂 ,催化剂簇结构的保持可能是高催化活性的原因之一 .     

在Rh/SiO_2催化剂上CO反应性能的研究

本文利用装备有程序控温反应池、抽空和质谱检测脱附物系统的FT—IR,在室温条件下研究了CO在Rh/SiO_2催化剂上的化学吸附态及其与O_2、NO、H_2的反应性能。实验站果表明:CO在Rh/SiO_2催化剂上存在着Rh(CO)_2[Ⅰ]、Rh(CO)[Ⅱ]和Rh_2(CO)[Ⅲ]三种化学吸附态;它们与O_2及H_2的反应活性顺序是[Ⅰ]>[Ⅱ](?)[Ⅲ];NO能从催化剂表面上置换CO吸附态[Ⅱ],並相应在此吸附位上产生两种吸附态Rh(NO)及RhO_2(NO);通过对CO和H_2共吸附、吸附的CO和H_2反应及H_2CO吸附的化学吸附态的检测及其脱附产物的质谱分析,说明了在Rh/SiO_2催化剂上CO和H_2反应过程中无H_2CO中间物产生。     

CO在铑上化学吸附的量子化学

用SCC-DV-X_a 法计算CO在金属氧化物助催的铑上的化学吸附。结果定量地证明了Blyhoider 关于CO 在过渡金属上化学吸附模型的正确性。含亲氧性助催剂有利于CO在铑表面的倾斜吸附。金属氧化物助催剂的主要作用在于促进铑反馈电子到CO的2π反键轨道,削弱C—O键,促进了CO的活化。     

CO和O_2在钙钛矿型LaCoO_3表面化学吸附的EHMO研究

本文用EIIMO方法,计算了CO和O_2在钙钛矿型LaCoO_3表面不同位置的吸附能,据此确定了它们的吸附位置和构型,并推测了CO在此催化剂上催化氧化的机理,认为在低温区,主要是吸附态O_2与CO反应,而在高温区,CO与晶格氧反应占支配地位。     

铑催化剂上CO的吸附态及其加氢反应

用红外光谱法测定表明：各种硅胶负载仲进型铑催化剂上，线ＣＯ／桥ＣＯ红外吸收强度比值与金属助剂（Ｍ）的关系变化顺序为（５０：１）（Ｒｈ－Ｍｎ）〉（２２：１）（Ｒｈ－Ｌｉ）〉（９．１：１）（Ｒｈ－Ｍｎ－Ｆｅ－Ｌｉ）〉（３．５：１）（Ｒｈ－Ｆｅ）〉２．８：１）（Ｒｈ）。在各种Ｒｈ－Ｍ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上，线、桥ＣＯ吸附态的加氢原位ＦＴＩＲ跟踪实验表明：随着加氢的进行，线ＣＯ／桥ＣＯ吸收强度比值均逐渐减少…     

Preparation and properties of the SmOx/Rh(100) model surface

The preparation of SmO_x/Rh(100) and CO adsorption on this model surface have been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The oxygen adsorption on the SmRh alloy surface leads to the aggregation of Sm on the surface. The thermal treatment of this oxidized surface induces the further agglomeration of SmO_x on the Rh(100) surface. Compared with CO TDS on the clean Rh(100) surface, three additional CO desorption peaks can be observed at 176, 331 and 600 K on the SmO_x/Rh(100) surface. The CO desorption peak at 176 K may originate from CO adsorbed on SmO_x islands, while the appearance of the CO adsorption peaks at 331 and 600 K, depending on the oxidation state of Sm, is attributed to CO species located at the interface of SmO_x/Rh(100).     

红外非活性气体对CO超精细红外谱带吸收系数影响的研究

作者在研究了H     

Preparation and properties of the SmOx/Rh(100) model surface

The preparation of SmOx/Rh(100) and CO adsorption on this model surface have been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The oxygen adsorption on the SmRh alloy surface leads to the aggregation of Sm on the surface. The thermal treatment of this oxidized surface induces the further agglomeration of SmOx on the Rh(100) surface. Compared with CO TDS on the clean Rh(100) surface, three additional CO desorption peaks can be observed at 176, 331 and 600 K on the SmOx/Rh(100) surface. The CO desorption peak at 176 K may originate from CO adsorbed on SmOx islands, while the appearance of the CO adsorption peaks at 331 and 600 K, depending on the oxidation state of Sm, is attributed to CO species located at the interface of SmOx/Rh(100).     

Adsorption of CO molecules on Rh low index and （331） stepped surfaces

The 5-parameter Morse potential (for short5-MP) of the interaction between C, O atom and Rh surfaceand the extended LEPS potential have been constructed, andthe adsorption and diffusion of CO molecules on Rh low in-dex surfaces and open rough Rh(331) stepped surface areinvestigated. This work puts forward the concept of vibra-tion dactylogram property for molecular adsorption states.The calculation results and the analysis of vibration dactylo-gram show that there exists the commonness in the adsorp-tion on Rh low index surfaces and Rh(331) stepped surface: with the increasing coverage, the top, bridge sites are ad-sorbed in perpendicularly in sequence, and the top sites arethe steady adsorption sites and the bridge sites are the next.On (100) surface, CO molecules obtain the eigenvibration of2009, 1946 cm^-1 on the top and bridge sites respectively andthe difference between the binding energy of above two sitesis 0.09 eV; on (110) surface, CO molecules obtain the eigen-vibration of 2019, 1961 cm^-1 respectively; on (111) surface,CO molecules on the top. bridge and hollow sites produce theeigenvibration of 2000, 1912, 1894 cm^-1 respectively, thebinding energies of the three sites decrease in turn and thediscrepancy between the top and bridge sites is 0.03 eV; on (331) surface, top and bridge sites between two equivalenttop sites are adsorbed in, and then obtain the eigenvibrationof 2018, 1987 cm^-1; 1969, 1927 cm^-1 respectively.     

Abnormal infrared effects of nanometer scale thin film material of PtPd alloy in CO adsorption

Nanometer scale thin film material of PtPd alloy supported on glassy carbon (nm-PtPd/GC) was prepared by the electrochemical codeposition method under cyclic voltammetric conditions. STM patterns demonstrated that the prepared thin films are composed of layered crystallites in elliptic form. Electrochemical in situ FTIRS studies explored the abnormal infrared effects (AIREs) of nm- PtPd/GC for CO adsorption, which are (ⅰ) the remarkable enhancement of IR absorption, (ⅱ) the inversion of CO_ad band direction, and (ⅲ) notable increase in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of CO_ad bands. The results demonstrated also that the enhancement factor of IR absorption varies with the thickness of PtPd alloy film and has reached a maximum value of 38.3 under the experimental conditions.     

In situ time-resolved FTIR investigation on the reaction mechanism of partial oxidation of methane to syngas over supported Rh and Ru catalysts

In situ time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy was used to study the reaction mechanism of partial oxidation of methane (POM) to synthesis gas and the reaction of CH4/O2/He (2/1/45, molar ratio) gas mixture with adsorbed CO species over Rh/SiO2, Ru/γ-Al2O3 and Ru/SiO2 catalysts at 500-600℃. It was found that CO is the primary product of POM reaction over reduced and working state Rh/SiO2 catalysts. Direct oxidation of CH4 is the main pathway of synthesis gas formation over Rh/SiO2 catalyst. CO2 is the primary product of POM over Ru/γ-Al2O3 and Ru/SiO2 catalysts. The dominant reaction pathway for synthesis gas formation over Ru/γ-Al2O3 catalyst is via the reforming reactions of CH4 with CO2 and H2O. For the POM reaction over Rh/SiO2 and Ru/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, consecutive oxidation of surface CO species is an important pathway of CO2 formation.     

Special IR properties of palladium nanoparticles and their aggregations in CO molecular probe infrared spectroscopy

Dispersed Pd nanoparticles (Pdn) have been synthesized by reducing H2PdCI4 with ethanol, and stabilized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Pdn is applied to the glassy carbon substrate to form a thin film, and then the potential cyclic scanning at 50 mV.s^-1 from -0.25 to 1.25 V was carried out for about 30 min to form the aggregations of Pdn (Pdn^ag). FTIR spectroscopy of both transmission and reflection modes was employed to study CO adsorption on Pdn and Pdn^ag in both solidlliquid and solidlgas interfaces. It has been revealed that CO adsorption on Pdn film yields two IRbands near 1964 and 1906 cm-1, which are assigned to IR absorption of CO bonded on asymmetric and symmetric bridge sites, respectively. In contrast to the IR properties of CO adsorbed on Pdn, only species of CO bonded on asymmetric bridge sites was determined on Pdn^ag, and the direction of the IR band near 1963 cm^-1 is completely inverted. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the COB^as band near 1964 cm^-1 is measured to be 14 cm^-1 on Pdn film, while it is 24 cm^-1 on Pdn^ag film. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inverting of the IR band direction is a general phenomenon that is closely related to the interaction between nanoparticles in aggregation of Pdn.     

金属－金属相互作用对Rh＿2Co＿2／Al＿2O＿3催化剂吸附性能的影响

用ＣＯ和ＮＯ双分子探针－ＩＲ技术研究了双金属Ｒｈ－Ｃｏ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂的Ｒｈ－Ｃｏ相互作用对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明，由Ｒｈ＿２ＣＯ＿２（ＣＯ）＿（１２）簇合物制得的Ｒｈ＿２ＣＯ＿２／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３中的Ｒｈ－Ｃｏ相互作用强，使其在６７３ＫＨ＿２还原后产生一种新的线式ＣＯ吸附的Ｃｏ中心。此Ｃｏ中心对ＣＯ和ＮＯ的吸附性能不同于Ｃｏ＿２／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３（由Ｃｏ＿２（ＣＯ）＿８制得）上的Ｃｏ中心。由金属盐共浸制得的（Ｒｈ＋Ｃｏ）／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３中的Ｒｈ－Ｃｏ相互作用弱，Ｃｏ中心对ＣＯ和ＮＯ的吸附性能与单金属Ｃｏ＿２／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３相同。Ｒｎ＿４／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３（由Ｒｈ＿４（ＣＯ）＿（１２）制得）上３种ＣＯ吸附的Ｒｈ中心对ＣＯ和ＮＯ的吸附能力也存在明显差异：在孪生ＣＯ吸附的Ｒｈ中心上，ＣＯ强于ＮＯ；在线式ＣＯ吸附的Ｒｈ中心上，ＣＯ与ＮＯ相近；在桥式ＣＯ吸附的Ｒｈ中心上，ＣＯ弱于ＮＯ。ＣＯ在Ｃｏ＿２／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３上不产生分子吸附态。