机械合金化无铅纤料Sn—9Zn研究

利用X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热计（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）对Sn-9Zn粉末的机械合金化进程进行了研究。结果表明：机械合金化和热铸法一样是一种制备钎料合金的方法；金属粉末的最终颗粒尺寸可以通过合适的工艺参数来控制；粉末尺寸可减小到5-20μm；1%松香（助磨剂）的加入使MA进程的加速作用最为显著，但松香也可能对金属粉末起污染作用。     

机械合金化无铅钎料Sn-5Sb研究

利用X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热计(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Sn—5Sb粉末的机械合金化进程，结果表明：Sb在Sn中的固溶度包括原子的置换固溶和晶界(晶体缺陷)溶解，机械合金化作为一种非平衡态制备技术可以用来制备过饱和固溶体和金属间化合物，它是制备无铅钎料合金的一种新方法；金属粉体的最终颗粒尺寸可以选择合适的工艺参数来控制；粉末尺寸可减小到3～10μm；2％松香(助磨剂)的加入使MA进程加速。     

机械合金化Fe-Cr-W-Ti-Y-(O)粉末特性

通过机械合金化制备了Fe-Cr-W-Ti-Y-(O)合金粉末,研究了球磨时间和球磨介质硬脂酸添加量对粉末特性的影响.结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,元素粉末的合金化程度、加工硬化效应及氧元素含量提高,晶粒尺寸减小;球磨48h后,W和Cr原子已完全固溶于α-Fe中,合金粉末晶粒尺寸减小至14.0nm,显微硬度(HV)为613.4,氧含量(质量分数)达到0.935%;加入一定量的硬脂酸可以有效地阻碍粉末颗粒的团聚并优化粉末的颗粒形貌和粒度分布,但会延缓粉末合金化进程.     

机械合金化Cu-Ti,Ni-Ti非晶粉末

用自制的高能球磨机将Cu-Ti和Ni-Ti二元系的纯金属粉末混合物制成了非晶粉末,确定了用机械合金化制取非晶含金粉末的一般工艺条件。用X射线衍射(XRD)方法研究了机械合金化时的非晶化过程。通过高温XRD和热差分析(DTA)方法检测了非晶粉末的晶化行为。实验发现,球料比应加以限制,在我们的实验条件下10:1是较适当的,机械合金化过程可能保存的少量层状结晶相通过随后在低于晶化温度T_X下的加热可能转化成非晶相。Cu_(43)Ti_(57)非晶粉末的T_X约等于450℃,Ni_(45)Ti_(55)约等于500℃。计算了Cu-Ti二元系在300℃时亚稳相和平衡相的自由能曲线,并根据扩散偶的模型讨论和解释了机械合金化的非晶化过程。     

Ti-Si-C体系低球料比机械合金化

为考察机械合金化参数对Ti-Si-C体系机械合金化效果的影响,采用三因素(转速、球料比、球磨时间)、四水平的正交实验对Ti-Si-C体系进行了低球料比机械合金化研究。利用XRD分析了机械合金化粉末的物相组成,应用Scherrer公式计算粉末的晶粒尺寸,并以粉末晶粒尺寸为目标参数对正交实验结果进行分析。结果表明:Ti-Si-C体系可以在4∶1的低球料比下通过机械合金化诱发自蔓延反应合成体积分数为66.11%的Ti3SiC2材料;在球磨时间不小于24 h时,三因素对机械合金化的影响能力为转速>球料比>球磨时间;在转速较低时,转速的增加对机械合金化的影响大于转速较高的情况,而球料比和球磨时间则表现出相反的趋势。     

Fe-P二元系机械合金化研究

采用机械合金化方法,用行星式高能球磨机对Fe基合金中的Fe100-xPx(x=5,10,17,25,33,50,67)二元合金系统进行机械合金化研究,用X射线衍射仪分析球磨后的合金粉末结构,并用扫描电子显微镜分析样品的形貌和粒度。结果表明,用机械合金化方法可使Fe和P在P的成份小于20at.%时产生固溶体,在P的成份大于20at.%时有相应的化合物FeP或Fe3P生成;Fe-P系统在球磨100h后平均有效晶粒尺寸约40nm,都达到了纳米量级;扫描电镜的形貌结果显示,粉末颗粒很细,但聚集成团。     

稀土-WSi2/MoSi2复合材料的合成与性能

通过X射线衍射,分析讨论了机械合金化和高温自蔓延方法合成稀土-WSi2/MoSi2复合材料粉末过程中的相变化;比较了MoSi2、WSi2/MoSi2和稀土-WSi2/MoSi2等3种材料的性能.结果表明:高温自蔓延合成方法比机械合金化合成方法更合适于合成稀土-WSi2/MoSi2复合材料粉末;采用SHS合成 球磨的工艺可获得高致密的复合材料.机械合金化合成稀土-WSi2/MoSi2复合材料粉末过程中, Mo、W、Si相遵循Mo(W)固溶体、Si固溶于Mo(W)、WSi2/MoSi2相的形成规律;且随着稀土含量的增加,合金化过程延迟.复合添加稀土和WSi2比单一添WSi2对基体MoSi2具有更好有综合强韧化作用.图4,表1,参16.     

Fe60 Co20 C20超细合金粉末的结构和磁性能研究

采用机械合金化方法制备出Fe60Co20C20超细合金粉末,对不同球磨时间的样品进行X射线衍射和磁滞回线的测量.X射线衍射分析结果表明:样品在球磨20 h后开始部分非晶化,在Fe-Co合金中加入C可促使其形成非晶;样品的晶粒尺寸随球磨时间的增加而减小,在一定的机械合金化条件下可获得Fe60Co20C20的非晶态超细合金粉末.VSM研究结果表明:球磨初期,样品的矫顽力增加;球磨20 h后,随着晶粒尺寸的降低矫顽力降低.机械球磨后晶粒尺寸是影响样品磁性能的主要因素.     

机械合金化改善反应合成Ti3SiC2的条件

为改善Ti3SiC2的合成条件，利用机械合金化的方法处理原料粉末，并与通常采用的原始粉末直接混合粉末进行比较分析。结果表明，机械合金化有助于合成Ti3SiC2。根据DTA曲线确定合理的烧结工艺，对合成产物进行的XRD、断口的SEM以及EDAX分析，进一步证实了机械合金化粉末可以在较低的温度下(温度降低25℃)、较短的时间(时间缩短20％)内通过反应合成得到Ti3SiC2。     

机械合金化Fe1-xNix系纳米晶合金的组织结构

利用机械合金化法从纯Fe粉和Ni粉中制备了Fe1-xNix（30％≤x≤50％，x为原子百分比）系纳米晶合金粉末，并对粉末经机械合金化过程中相结构的转变以及晶粒尺寸的变化做了较为详细的研究．通过对整个球磨过程中各种粉末样品的X射线衍射（XRD）分析发现：Fe1-xNix（30％≤x≤50％）粉末经球磨3h后已经完全合金化，10h后合金中面心立方（f．c.c．）固溶体的晶粒尺寸都达到20nm以下；晶粒尺寸与球磨时间存在负指数关系；经过适当时间的球磨，Fe1-xNix系纳米晶合金粉末将由开始的体心立方（b.c.c．）相和f.c.c．相完全转变为f.c.c．（Fe，Ni）固溶体相，且所需的时间随X的增大而减少．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has