Special IR properties of palladium nanoparticles and their aggregations in CO molecular probe infrared spectroscopy

Dispersed Pd nanoparticles (Pdn) have been synthesized by reducing H2PdCI4 with ethanol, and stabilized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Pdn is applied to the glassy carbon substrate to form a thin film, and then the potential cyclic scanning at 50 mV.s^-1 from -0.25 to 1.25 V was carried out for about 30 min to form the aggregations of Pdn (Pdn^ag). FTIR spectroscopy of both transmission and reflection modes was employed to study CO adsorption on Pdn and Pdn^ag in both solidlliquid and solidlgas interfaces. It has been revealed that CO adsorption on Pdn film yields two IRbands near 1964 and 1906 cm-1, which are assigned to IR absorption of CO bonded on asymmetric and symmetric bridge sites, respectively. In contrast to the IR properties of CO adsorbed on Pdn, only species of CO bonded on asymmetric bridge sites was determined on Pdn^ag, and the direction of the IR band near 1963 cm^-1 is completely inverted. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the COB^as band near 1964 cm^-1 is measured to be 14 cm^-1 on Pdn film, while it is 24 cm^-1 on Pdn^ag film. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inverting of the IR band direction is a general phenomenon that is closely related to the interaction between nanoparticles in aggregation of Pdn.     

银在M-掺杂石墨烯上吸附的第一性原理计算

Graphene is an ideal reinforcing phase for a high-performance composite filler, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for improving the wettability and reliability of the filler. However, the poor adsorption characteristics between graphene and the silver base filler significantly affect the application of graphene filler in the brazing field. It is a great challenge to improve the adsorption characteristics between a graphene and silver base filler. To solve this issue, the adsorption characteristic between graphene and silver was studied with first principle calculation. The effects of Ga, Mo, and W on the adsorption properties of graphene were explored. There are three possible adsorbed sites, the hollow site (H), the bridge site (B), and the top site (T). Based on this research, the top site is the most preferentially adsorbed site for Ag atoms, and there is a strong interaction between graphene and Ag atoms. Metal element doping enhances local hybridization between C or metal atoms and Ag. Furthermore, compared with other doped structures (Ga and Mo), W atom doping is the most stable adsorption structure and can also improve effective adsorption characteristic performance between graphene and Ag.     

Protein adsorption on the poly（L-lactic acid） surface modified by chitosan and its derivatives

Surface modification of biomaterials has been adopted over the years to improve their biocompatibility. In this study, aiming to promote hydrophilicity and to introduce natural recognition sites onto poly（L-lactic acid） （PLLA） films, chitosan and its derivatives, carboxymethyl chitosan（CMC） and N-methylene phosphonic chitosan （NPC）, were used to modify the surface of PLLA films by an entrapment method. Radiolabeled （^125I） proteins were used to measure the amount of protein adsorbed to PLLA surfaces. Fibronectin （Fn） was used to study the protein adsorption on the modified PLLA surfaces, including isotherm adsorption and adsorption kinetics of single protein, competitive adsorption of binary proteins system and serum multi-proteins and the desorption behavior in serum solution. The results showed that in the isotherm adsorption, Fn had a larger adsorption capacity on the CS-modified surface at lower concentrations, but had a high adsorption capacity at CMC-modified surface at higher concentrations. In the study of absorption kinetics, Fn had a fastest adsorption equilibrium and a highest equilibrium adsorption capacity at the CS-modified surface, while it was opposite at the PCS-modified surface. When BSA and serum were added, it had the greatest effect on the adsorption of Fn on the PCS-modified surface. After 6 hours soaking in the desorpUon study, Fn had reached desorption equilibrium on all the modified surfaces, which had different effects on the desorption rate and the remaining percentage of Fn.     

Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of acetone: Adsorption and desorption kinetics and mechanisms on SiO2 particles

Acetone plays an important role in photooxidation processes in the atmosphere. Up to date, little is known regarding the heterogeneous fate of acetone. In this study, the adsorption and desorption processes of acetone on SiO2 particles, which are the major constituent of mineral dust in the atmos-phere, have been investigated for the first time under the simulated atmospheric conditions, using in situ transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that acetone molecules are adsorbed on the surfaces of SiO2 particles by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding forces in a nonreactive and reversible state. The rates of initial adsorption and initial desorption, initial uptake coefficients and adsorption concentrations at equilibrium have been determined at different relative humidity. The presence of water vapor cannot result in the formation of new substances, but can decrease the adsorption ability by consuming or overlapping the isolated OH groups on the surfaces of SiO2 particles. In the desorption process, a considerable amount of acetone molecules will remain on SiO2 particles in dry air, whereas acetone molecules are almost completely desorbed at a high relative humidity. In order to evaluate the role of heterogeneous reactions of acetone and other carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere, a new model fitting the atmospheric conditions is needed.     

Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of acetone:Adsorption and desorption kinetics and mechanisms on SiO_2 particles

Acetone plays an important role in photooxidation processes in the atmosphere. Up to date, little is known regarding the heterogeneous fate of acetone. In this study, the adsorption and desorption processes of acetone on SiO2 particles, which are the major constituent of mineral dust in the atmos-phere, have been investigated for the first time under the simulated atmospheric conditions, using in situ transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that acetone molecules are ad-sorbed on the surfaces of SiO2 particles by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding forces in a nonreactive and reversible state. The rates of initial adsorption and initial desorption, initial uptake coefficients and adsorption concentrations at equilibrium have been determined at different relative humidity. The presence of water vapor cannot result in the formation of new substances, but can de-crease the adsorption ability by consuming or overlapping the isolated OH groups on the surfaces of SiO2 particles. In the desorption process, a considerable amount of acetone molecules will remain on SiO2 particles in dry air, whereas acetone molecules are almost completely desorbed at a high relative humidity. In order to evaluate the role of heterogeneous reactions of acetone and other carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere, a new model fitting the atmospheric conditions is needed.     

Theory and Applications of Sum-Frequency Generations

Recently sum-frequency has become a very powerful experimental technique in studying structures and dynamic of molecules on surface or molecules between surfaces.In this talk after brief discussion of the derivation of SFG,various possible types of vibrational and electronic SFG’s will be discussed including the derivations of their quantum mechanical expressions based on the Born-Op-     

Protein adsorption,cell viability and corrosion properties of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by plasma oxidation and anodic oxidation

The hardness, wettability, and electrochemical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy surfaces treated with anodic oxidation and plasma oxidation as well as the viabilities of the different cell lines on the obtained surfaces were investigated. The anodic oxidation was performed for 10 min under 100 V potential, and it resulted in a 0.95 μm thick nanoporous anatase-TiO_2 structure. On the other hand, plasma oxidation was carried out at 650℃ for 1 h and resulted in a dense rutile-TiO_2 structure with a thickness of 1.2 μm. While a hardness of HV_(0.025) 823 and roughness of ～220 nm were obtained by plasma oxidation, those obtained by anodic oxidation were HV_(0.025) 512 and ～130 nm, respectively. The anodic oxidation process created a more hydrophilic surface with a contact angle of 87.2°. Both oxidation processes produced similar properties in terms of corrosion behavior and showed better resistance than the as-received state in a certain range of potential. Moreover, the surface treatments led to no significant change in the protein adsorption levels, which indicates that the difference in viability between the osteoblast and fibroblast cells was not due to the difference in surface protein adsorption. Given all the factors, the surfaces obtained by anodic oxidation treatment revealed higher cell viability than those obtained by plasma oxidation(p = 0.05).     

Hydrogen Bonding in Hydrogenated Amorphous Germanium

Thin films of hydrogenated amorphous germanium (a-Ge:H) were prepared by radio frequency glow discharge deposition at various substrate temperatures. The hydrogen distribution and bonding structure in a-Ge:H were discussed based on infrared absorption data. The correlation between infrared absorption spectra and hydrogen effusion measurements was used to determine the proportionality constant for each vibration mode of the Ge-H bonds. The results reveal that the bending mode appearing at 835 cm^-1 is associated with the Ge-H2 (dihydride) groups on the internal surfaces of voids. While 1880 cm^-1 is assigned to vibrations of Ge-H (monohydride) groups in the bulk, the 2000 cm^-1 stretching mode is attributed to Ge-H and Ge-H2 bonds located on the surfaces of voids. For films associated with bending modes in the infrared spectra, the proportionality constant values of the stretching modes near 1880 and 2000 cm^-1 are found to be lower than those of films which had no correspondina bending modes.     

ADSORPTION AND FLOCCULATION BEHAVIORS OF ILMENITE AND FELDSPAR IN THE PRESENCE OF SULPHONATED POLYACRYLAMIDE——Experimental

The adsorption of Sulphonated polyacrylamide(PAMS)on ilmenite and feldspar fromaqueous solution and the floeculation of minerals by PAMS have been studied.The researchresults reveal that the strong adsorption of PAMS on ilmenite results in its strongflocculation and the weak adsorption of PAMS on feldspar causes its dispersion to be morestable.The mechanism of PAMS bonding is discussed in terms of co-ordination and H-bonding interaction respectively in the light of molecular orbit.The co-ordination between—So_3~- on PAMS chain and sites of Ti~(4+) or Fe~(2+) on ilmenite was testified by electron spec-troscopy(PHI550ESCA/AES).Consequently new technology“Bulk flocculation-magneticsepa-ration-ultrasonic deflocculation-magnetic separation”for fine ilmenite/titano-magnetite/feld-spar system has been successfully developed.     

Development of CMAQ for East Asia CO2 data assimilation under an EnKF framework: a first result

Under an Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF)framework,Regional Atmospheric Modeling System and Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality(RAMS–CMAQ)modeling system is developed to be a CO2data assimilation system EnKF–CMAQ,and the EnKF–CMAQ system is then applied to East Asia for validation with real continuous surface CO2concentration observations available in the study domain instead of using an observation simulation system experiment.Experiments with an experimental period of January 23 to February 7,2007 are conducted,and the experimental results of the EnKF–CMAQ system and the RAMS–CMAQ model are compared against continuous surface CO2observations from assimilation sites and independent reference sites.Distributions of daily mean CO2concentration increments show that the EnKF–CMAQ system confines the update of daily mean CO2within areas nearby and downwind of the assimilation sites.Both the CO2concentration ensemble spreads and background error covariances show flow-dependent patterns.The results indicate the crucial role of wind transport in the CO2data assimilation,which agrees with the previous studies.The average bias and the average root-mean-square error(RMSE)of daily mean CO2concentration at the assimilation sites are reduced by 1.00 and1.83 ppm,respectively,and those at the reference sites are reduced by 0.24 and 0.22 ppm,respectively.The results demonstrate the EnKF–CMAQ system is capable of assimilating the continuous surface CO2concentration observations to improve the simulation accuracy of the atmospheric CO2synoptic variation.Since growing CO2observations over East Asia are being available nowadays,this work is our first step to generate consistent spatial and temporal atmospheric CO2concentration fields over East Asia,particularly over China,using both in situ and satellite observations.     

Preparation and properties of the SmOx/Rh(100) model surface

The preparation of SmOx/Rh(100) and CO adsorption on this model surface have been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The oxygen adsorption on the SmRh alloy surface leads to the aggregation of Sm on the surface. The thermal treatment of this oxidized surface induces the further agglomeration of SmOx on the Rh(100) surface. Compared with CO TDS on the clean Rh(100) surface, three additional CO desorption peaks can be observed at 176, 331 and 600 K on the SmOx/Rh(100) surface. The CO desorption peak at 176 K may originate from CO adsorbed on SmOx islands, while the appearance of the CO adsorption peaks at 331 and 600 K, depending on the oxidation state of Sm, is attributed to CO species located at the interface of SmOx/Rh(100).     

Preparation and properties of the SmOx/Rh(100) model surface

The preparation of SmO_x/Rh(100) and CO adsorption on this model surface have been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The oxygen adsorption on the SmRh alloy surface leads to the aggregation of Sm on the surface. The thermal treatment of this oxidized surface induces the further agglomeration of SmO_x on the Rh(100) surface. Compared with CO TDS on the clean Rh(100) surface, three additional CO desorption peaks can be observed at 176, 331 and 600 K on the SmO_x/Rh(100) surface. The CO desorption peak at 176 K may originate from CO adsorbed on SmO_x islands, while the appearance of the CO adsorption peaks at 331 and 600 K, depending on the oxidation state of Sm, is attributed to CO species located at the interface of SmO_x/Rh(100).     

氢在Ni(410)台阶面的吸附研究

应用嵌入原子模型(EAM)研究了氢在Ni(410)面的吸附和解离.首先计算单个氢原子在Ni(410)面上的吸附能Ead,吸附键长RH-Ni及吸附高度H0,发现氢在Ni(410)面上有3种相对稳定的吸附位:台面上的赝式四重洞位H1和H2位、台阶底部棱上的LB位和台阶一边棱位B.与低指数面Ni(001)相比,明显增加了台阶棱上的B位以及台阶底部棱上的LB位,相应洞位的吸附性也有增强.说明氢在Ni(410)表面的吸附性受到台阶的影响,从而台阶附近的吸附位增多且吸附性增强;然后计算了H2在Ni(410)表面解离吸附时的活化势垒Ea、吸附能Qad,氢-镍之间键长RH-Ni,构建了解离吸附等势面,计算结果表明台阶处是氢吸附和解离的活跃部位.     

CO在Pt(111)表面吸附的从头算研究

本文在超胞近似和slab模型的基础上,采用广义梯度近似(GGA)下的RPBE(Revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof)泛函对CO-Pt(111)体系进行了理论研究.对体系的吸附能、C-O键和C-Pt键的键长、CO的振动频率以及电子态密度(DOS)进行了计算和分析.结果表明,在0.25ML(mono-layer)的覆盖度下,CO在顶位(top)、桥位(bridge)、两个三重洞位(fcc和hcp)的吸附能非常接近,这说明CO在Pt(111)面比较容易扩散.在顶位,C-O键和C-Pt键的键长分别为1.16和1.85,CO的振动频率为2069cm-1.通过态密度分析表明,CO吸附在桥位和洞位时,其分子轨道3σ、4σ、1π、5σ轨道均参与成键,但是CO吸附在顶位时,仅有4σ、1π、5σ轨道参与成键,这可能与CO吸附在表面时和不同数目的Pt原子结合密切相关.     

H2在催化剂上的吸附行为

研究了氢气在金属体Ni(111)表面的top,bridge,hcp,fcc这4个不同位置吸附能以及4个吸附位中H原子距离下层Ni原子层的垂直距离,可知hcp和fcc这2种空洞位的吸附要稳定些,bridge吸附位是非常不稳定的,容易走向hcp位吸附.各吸附位的吸附能分别是E_ad-top=－11.622 kJ·mol^-1,E_ad-bridge=－12.036 kJ·mol^-1,E_ad-hcp=－12.047 kJ·mol^-1,E_ad-fcc=－12.078 kJ·mol^-1,表明H₂在表面Ni(111)的4种吸附属于化学吸附.表面Pt(111),Rh(111),Ru(111)对具有H₂相似的吸附行为有待进一步的研究.     

NO在Ir(110)表面吸附和解离反应的泛函密度理论

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和周期性平板模型,考察NO在Ir(110)表面上的吸附、解离及N2生成机理.计算结果表明:NO以N端向下在顶位吸附为最稳定的吸附方式,其次是短桥位,空位吸附最不稳定;顶位吸附的NO在表面存在2条解离通道:1)直接解离通道;2)由初始态扩散到短桥位,继而发生N—O键断裂生成N原子和O原子,是NO在表面解离的主要通道;解离后的N原子经联短桥位共吸附态发生N—N聚合反应生成N2,在表面共存的O原子促进了N2的生成,与实验结果相符.     

Ir（110）表面原子结构、氧原子吸附和STM图像的第一性原理研究

用密度泛函理论（DFT）的总能计算研究了金属Ir（110）表面结构以及氧原子的吸附状态.计算得到Ir（110）-（1×1）的外层表面间的弛豫分别是-13.3%（△d12/d0）和＋6.1%（△d23/d0）,表面能σ=175meV-2,功函数Φ=5.22eV;相应的Ir（110）-（1×2）缺列再构表面的△d12/d0=-9.7%,△d23/d0=-2.4%,表面能为169meV/2,Φ=5.33eV.研究Ir（110）-（1×1）和（1×2）再构表面氧吸附,发现各吸附位置的吸附能值均为正值,表明吸附为放热反应,且氧原子最有可能吸附在短桥位（shortbridgesite,SB）.同时我们还模拟计算Ir（110）-（1×2））缺列再构表面和氧吸附再构表面的扫描隧道显微镜（STM）图像并记录STM针尖的起伏变化,结果显示表面吸附氧的位置远高于{001}方向的铱原子列,但是在STM形貌图上氧原子基本上没有凸起.     

正己烷在CaCO3(100)面吸附的第一性原理研究

致密油在储层多孔介质中的吸附研究多以定量的实验研究为主,定性的机理研究较少。以正己烷为对象,从原子分子层面定性研究其在碳酸钙表面的吸附能力,为解释致密油在储层岩石基质上的吸附性提供了有力依据。采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算了C_6H_(14)分子在CaCO_3(100)面的吸附能,对比分析了吸附前后的物理结构和电子态密度。结果表明:C_6H_(14)分子在B11位吸附最稳定,吸附能为-0.782 4 eV,吸附后键长键角变化率均小于1%,是一种弱化学吸附。不同吸附位的能量差值很小,仅为0.017 8 e V,C_6H_(14)分子容易在CaCO_3表面发生稳定流动。吸附后,C_6H_(14)分子的电子态密度向低能量区域整体偏移约3.1 e V,而CaCO_3(100)面的电子态密度曲线基本重合,吸附作用对C_6H_(14)分子的电子结构影响显著,对CaCO_3(100)面电子结构影响甚微。     

甲醇在Pt-Co(111)/C表面吸附和分解的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论和周期平板模型相结合的方法,对CH3OH分子在Pt-Co(111)/C表面top、fcc、hcp和bridge位的9种吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算,结果表明fcc-Pt2Co位是较有利的吸附位.Co掺杂后整个体系的态密度略向低能方向移动,费米能级的位置发生了右移导带增宽,表明掺杂后的Pt/C具有更强的氧化能力.考虑催化剂抗中毒性能时发现:CO在Pt-Co(111)/C表面的吸附能比相应各位置上甲醇的吸附能均要低,说明Pt-Co(111)/C确实具有较好的抗CO中毒化能力;甲醇在Pt-Co(111)/C表面的解离过程也发现:该催化剂使得甲醇催化氧化反应的进行比在气相中断裂H—O键所需要的能量降低了296.0 kJ/mol,说明在Pt-Co(111)/C面反应较容易发生,因此碳负载Pt-Co合金是催化氧化甲醇较好的催化剂.     

OH-在Si(100)面上的吸附与脱附作用机理

利用高斯98中的Hartree-Fock(HF)方法研究了OH-与Si(100)面的吸附和脱附作用机理,计算了OH-在Si(100)面三种(顶位,桥位,穴位)典型吸附位的吸附反应势能曲线,在每个吸附位上根据空间位阻最小和最佳成键方向考虑了OH-垂直进攻和倾斜进攻.结果表明: OH-在进攻三种吸附位时的活化能为零,顶位倾斜吸附最稳定,穴位吸附最不稳定.在顶位倾斜吸附位上Si原子被OH-拉出的反应活化能为1.01 eV,整个吸附脱附过程的活化能为3.29 eV.