不同来源CIK与DC细胞联合治疗中晚期肺癌的临床研究

为对癌症患者采用个体化治疗,用患者自体、同种异体外周血和脐血进行细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(Cytokins Induced Killer,CIK)及树突状细胞《Dendritic Cell,DC)扩增,并应用流式细胞术检测其CIK、DC-CIK表型,然后回输患者,对中晚期肺癌患者进行自体、异体和脐血的CIK细胞联合治疗。结果显示:21例患者中,2例病情得到完全缓解(CR),7例病情部分缓解(PR),与治疗前相比,生活质量明显提高,治疗后患者CD3~ 和CD8~ 明显升高(P<0.05)。结果证明,根据不同病人情况采用个体化治疗,应用不同来源的CIK、DC-CIK治疗中晚期肺癌有一定的临床疗效,该方法为中晚期肺癌患者的治疗提供了一种有效的免疫治疗手段。     

肿瘤患者自体CIK细胞治疗及其对患者免疫功能的影响

目的　从恶性肿瘤患者外周血中高效诱导扩增CIK细胞并观察自体CIK过继免疫治疗对患者免疫功能的影响.方法体外利用抗CD3单抗、IL 2、γ IFN等细胞因子从12例肿瘤患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中诱导扩增CIK细胞,分3次自体回输;并用流式细胞仪检测回输前后患者T细胞亚群和NK细胞变化.结果　CIK细胞经13d培养后细胞总数和CD3+CD56+T效应细胞均获得大量增殖,分别平均增殖123(46～301)倍和1656(177～5130)倍.肿瘤患者经自体CIK细胞免疫治疗后,CD3、CD4T细胞和NK细胞比例均显著提高(P<0.01).结论　可从不同恶性肿瘤患者PBMC中高效诱导扩增CIK细胞;自体CIK细胞过继免疫治疗可以显著提高患者免疫功能,且副作用小,具有良好的应用前景.     

恶性实体瘤患者自体CIK细胞的体外大量扩增后的免疫表型变化

目的:回顾性分析我院2009年1月至2010年5月行细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)治疗的59例实体瘤患者的自体CIK细胞体外扩增后免疫表型的变化,为恶性实体瘤患者开展CIK细胞治疗提供实验依据。方法:采集59例恶性实体瘤患者外周血单个核细胞,培养体系加入IFN-γ、CD3McAb及IL-2三种细胞因子体外诱导,培养10～14 d;用流式细胞仪分别检测CIK细胞培养前后的免疫表型,进行配对t检验。结果:CIK细胞培养后单个核细胞,CD3+细胞,CD3+CD4+细胞,CD3-CD56+细胞,CD3+CD56+细胞均较培养前增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CD3+CD8+细胞,虽然较前增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CIK细胞中CD3+,CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+,CD3-CD56+表型的细胞比率与培养前相比均有所下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但CD3+CD8+细胞比率与培养前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而CIK细胞的纯度从培养前(9.90±8.96)%增至(46.55±19.25%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:恶性实体瘤患者自体CIK细胞体外扩增后,CIK细胞纯度显著增加。     

DC-CTL体外杀伤人胰腺癌细胞效应研究

研究胰腺癌患者外周血分离培养而来的树突状细胞体外对人胰腺癌细胞BXPC-3、Capan-2的抑制作用.应用各种细胞因子诱导培养从胰腺癌患者外周血分离的单核细胞,获得成熟DC及CIK.胰腺癌组织来源抗原致敏DC,激活T细胞增殖分化为CTL.MTT法检测抗原致敏的DC激活的CTL及单独的CIK对BXPC-3细胞和Capan-2 细胞的杀伤效应.结果显示:胰腺癌抗原致敏的DC,激活肿瘤抗原特异性CTL,体外对BXPC-3和Capan-2胰腺癌细胞产生杀伤作用,分别为75.85%和50.34%;CIK对BXPC-3和Capan-2胰腺癌细胞也有杀伤作用,分别达到62.06%和40.92%,但比抗原致敏的DC激活的CTL的杀伤效应低(P<0.05).胰腺癌患者外周血来源DC在体外能诱导高效的抗胰腺癌细胞免疫反应,提示肿瘤抗原激活的DC作为肿瘤疫苗在胰腺癌的免疫治疗中具有重要价值.     

细胞因子诱导的肿瘤杀伤细胞(CIK)培养条件优化的研究

肿瘤生物治疗目前是继手术、药物、放化疗治疗之后的第四种肿瘤治疗主要手段,目前,临床上应用最广泛的是细胞因子诱导的肿瘤杀伤细胞(CIK).由于CIK培养方式多样,因子选择及配比不同,医疗机构各有不同,造成CIK细胞数量、有效细胞数量、杀伤率有较大的差异.本研究通过对无血清培养基中添加的单克隆抗体CD3,注射用重组人白介素-2(IL-2),采血者自体血浆进行正交实验,得知在无血清培养基中加入CD3 100ng/mL,I-2 700IU/mL,自体血浆2％时,培养效果最好,双阳性有效细胞比率可达97.88％,以效靶比10:1接种,MTT法检测,效应细胞CIK对Hela细胞杀伤率为32.80％.初步观察此种培养条件下的CIK细胞在临床治疗上有一定的疗效.     

自体CIK细胞免疫治疗胃癌的护理措施与护理体会

旨在探究胃癌患者行自体CIK细胞免疫治疗的护理措施和不良反应的处理办法。选择兰州大学第二医院收治的20例化疗后的胃癌患者作为研究对象,护理措施包括:治疗前的心理护理、采血前检查和治疗申请、血液采集护理、细胞运输、细胞回输护理、回输后不良反应的护理以及出院后的护理,并对护理的效果进行分析。20例患者都是一次采血成功,经过自体CIK细胞免疫治疗后有2例患者出现体温升高的一过性流感症状,但经过专业的处理后很快得到缓解。通过治疗后有17例患者的免疫指标和生命指征得到改善,并生活质量得到显著提升。证实自体CIK细胞免疫治疗对胃癌患者有显著的疗效,可以明显提升患者的免疫功能,通过有效地护理措施改善生活质量,降低不良反应发生率,对胃癌患者是一种安全、有效的细胞免疫治疗方法。     

自体肝癌细胞裂解物致敏的树突状细胞诱导抗肝癌免疫的体外研究

从术后肝癌病人的外周血中诱导树突状细胞（DC），并经自体肝癌细胞裂解物致敏DC，用流式细胞仪、^3H-TdR掺入法及MTT法检测了DC表面分子的表达、DC刺激T细胞的增殖效应及DC诱导的T细胞对肝癌细胞的杀伤作用，进而比较经自体肝癌细胞裂解物致敏的DC与其它条件下的DC功能的差异．结果显示：肝癌细胞裂解物致敏DC的功能较未致敏DC显著提高，其可诱导自体混合淋巴细胞强的增殖效应，同时诱导的T细胞对自体肝癌细胞有较强的杀伤率．     

我国新型肿瘤细胞治疗方法CIK的研究与应用现状

肿瘤的细胞治疗已经引起广泛关注,特别是各种肿瘤的免疫细胞治疗非常活跃。细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)治疗是近年来具有代表性的肿瘤细胞治疗方法,研究和应用进展迅速。为全面了解中国CIK的学术动态,利用中国医院知识仓库CHKD期刊全文库,以公开发表的论文为基础,进行现状分析。检索文献出现CIK的检索年限为1994,结束文献检索时间为2007年初,共检出相关文章148篇。将文献进行分析,通过已发表的文献介绍国内CIK研究与应用状况,并分析了CIK研究应用趋势及其展望。     

一种高倍扩增细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞方法

CD3单克隆抗体分别以包被和悬浮的方式刺激人外周血单个核细胞,并以不同的基本培养基(RPMI-1640、IMDM、DMEM/F-12 (1:1)和M199)以及抗氧化剂(2-巯基乙醇和亚硒酸钠)培养细胞因子诱导杀伤(CIK)细胞,分别测定细胞的扩增、表型(CD3CD56和CD25)和非MHC-限制性毒性(NK 毒性和LAK毒性).结果显示高浓度CD3单克隆抗体包被刺激方式的细胞集落和细胞扩增倍数大于悬浮刺激方式.基本培养基DMEM/F-12 (1:1)的扩增倍数优于其他3种基本培养基.抗氧化剂2-巯基乙醇和亚硒酸钠均有促进CD25抗原形成的作用,亚硒酸钠能提高CIK细胞的毒性,而2-巯基乙醇对于细胞的扩增有促进作用.建立了一种高倍扩增CIK细胞的方法,20 d细胞平均扩增倍数可以达到千倍以上.     

树突状细胞与妇科肿瘤的免疫治疗

树突状细胞(DC)是目前所知机体内功能最强的专职抗原提呈细胞,可在体内外向T细胞提呈抗原并诱发CTL反应,在抗肿瘤免疫中发挥重要作用.近年采用DC疫苗进行抗肿瘤治疗已成为当今肿瘤生物治疗领域备受关注的焦点之一.针对DC抗肿瘤机制、妇科肿瘤的免疫逃逸及在妇科肿瘤上的应用进行了研究.     

Genome-wide phenotype analysis in ES cells by regulated disruption of Bloom's syndrome gene

The chief limitation of phenotype-based genetic screening in mammalian systems is the diploid nature of the genome. Cells deficient in the Bloom's syndrome gene (Blm) show an increased rate of loss of heterozygosity. Here we have used a tetracycline-regulated Blm allele (Blm(tet)) to introduce bi-allelic mutations across the genome in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Transient loss of Blm expression induces homologous recombination not only between sister chromatids but also between homologous chromosomes. We considered that the phenotype of ES cells bearing bi-allelic mutations would be maintained after withdrawal of the tetracycline analogue doxycycline. Indeed, a combination of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis and transient loss of Blm expression enabled us to generate an ES cell library with genome-wide bi-allelic mutations. The library was evaluated by screening for mutants of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, which involves at least 23 genes distributed throughout the genome. Mutants derived from 12 different genes were obtained and two unknown mutants were simultaneously isolated. Our results indicate that phenotype-based genetic screening with Blm(tet) is very efficient and raises possibilities for identifying gene functions in ES cells.     

Targeted gene correction of α1-antitrypsin deficiency in induced pluripotent stem cells

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a unique opportunity for regenerative medicine because they offer the prospect of generating unlimited quantities of cells for autologous transplantation, with potential application in treatments for a broad range of disorders. However, the use of human iPSCs in the context of genetically inherited human disease will require the correction of disease-causing mutations in a manner that is fully compatible with clinical applications. The methods currently available, such as homologous recombination, lack the necessary efficiency and also leave residual sequences in the targeted genome. Therefore, the development of new approaches to edit the mammalian genome is a prerequisite to delivering the clinical promise of human iPSCs. Here we show that a combination of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and piggyBac technology in human iPSCs can achieve biallelic correction of a point mutation (Glu342Lys) in the α(1)-antitrypsin (A1AT, also known as SERPINA1) gene that is responsible for α(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. Genetic correction of human iPSCs restored the structure and function of A1AT in subsequently derived liver cells in vitro and in vivo. This approach is significantly more efficient than any other gene-targeting technology that is currently available and crucially prevents contamination of the host genome with residual non-human sequences. Our results provide the first proof of principle, to our knowledge, for the potential of combining human iPSCs with genetic correction to generate clinically relevant cells for autologous cell-based therapies.     

Effect of polyvinyl butyrate nanoparticles incorporated with immune suppressing vitamins on alteration of population of intestinal immune cells

The nanoparticles (NPs) from polyvinyl butyrate (PVBu) which can work as an orally applicable donor of butyrate for intestine were prepared. Immunotolerance inducing molecules such as vitamin D₃ and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were incorporated into PVBu NPs. The alteration in populations and numbers of DC103⁺ dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in intestinal immune tissues were examined after oral administration of NPs. It was found that NPs reduced the population of CD103⁺ DC and Treg cells in Peyer’s patched in lower part of the intestine and inversely increased the population of CD103⁺ DC in mesenteric lymph node (MLN), while the population of Treg cells in MLN was unchanged. These observations indicate that NPs may enhance the immunotolerance at MLN and lamina propria toward luminal antigens, indicating the promising features of PVBu NPs as therapeutics of allergy and autoimmune diseases.     

体外诱导骨肉瘤特异性抗肿瘤的免疫实验

采用分离骨肉瘤患者外周血单核细胞体外诱导DC细胞,Trizol法提取患者骨肉瘤细胞总RNA,用总RNA转染DC并诱导特异性CTL的扩增,用MTT法检测淋巴细胞的增殖和CTL的杀伤活性。探讨骨肉瘤细胞总RNA转染的DC疫苗体外诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫的能力。经骨肉瘤细胞总RNA转染的DC特异性表面标志及功能相关分子表达均上调,转染后的DC可显著刺激自体T淋巴细胞增殖,诱导的特异性CTL对靶细胞的杀伤率显著高于单纯淋巴细胞和未经转染的DC。说明骨肉瘤细胞总RNA转染的DC疫苗可在体外诱导出特异性抗肿瘤免疫。     

猪树突状细胞的体外扩增

树突状细胞(DC)是一类专职的抗原提呈细胞,在激发机体初始免疫反应和调节T细胞介导的免疫反应中都发挥十分重要的作用,但至今对猪DC的了解较少.本研究从猪外周血中分离获得单核细胞,分别加入150ng/mLpGM-CSF和100U/mL pIL-4,体外培养6 d后诱导出大量DC,通过显微镜观察可见其细胞表面具有典型的树突状突起,呈毛刺状.猪DC的体外获得将为进一步研究许多病毒性疾病的致病机理奠定坚实的基础.     

Immunotherapy of intracranial G422 glioblastoma with dendritic cells pulsed with tumor extract or RNA

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-tumor efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines pulsed with tumor extracts or RNA in a mouse model of intracranial G422 glioblastoma. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived DCs were pulsed ex vivo with tumor extracts or RNA. Ninety female mice harboring 4-day-old intracranial G422 glioblastomas and 126 normal mice were treated with three spaced one week apart subcutaneous injections either with PBS, unpulsed DCs, G422 tumor extracts, RNA, DCs pulsed with G422 tumor extracts (DC/extract) or with RNA (DC/RNA). Seven days after the third immunization of normal mice, the spleens of 36 of them were harvested for cytotoxic T lyphocyte (CTL) assays and the others were challenged in the brain with G422 tumor cells. All the treated mice were followed for survival. Some mice brains were removed and examined pathologically when they died. RESULTS: Immunization using DC/extract or DC/RNA significantly induced G422-specific CTL responses compared with control groups (P<0.01). Vaccination with DC/extract or DC/RNA, either prior to G422 tumor challenge or in tumor-harboring mice, significantly prolonged survival compared with other control groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: DCs pulsed with tumor extracts or RNA derived from autologous tumors has potential antitumor effects via activation of cell-mediated immunity. Our results suggest a useful therapeutic strategy against gliomas.