霍林河褐煤吸附铬离子的动力学分析

为进一步研究霍林河褐煤吸附铬离子的吸附过程,通过动态吸附实验,采用Lagergren准一级动力学方程、Lagergren准二级动力学方程及Elovich动力学方程对霍林河褐煤吸附铬(Ⅵ)离子的动力学过程进行了考察。结果表明:室温25℃,pH为2,铬(Ⅵ)离子质量浓度在10～90 mg/L时,霍林河褐煤吸附铬(Ⅵ)离子的实验数据与Lagergren准一级动力学模型较为吻合,相关系数R2在99%以上。在该质量浓度范围内,Lagergren准一级动力学模型比Lagergren准二级动力学模型及Elovich动力学模型更能准确描述霍林河褐煤对铬离子的吸附过程。     

沙漏型磷钼酸盐的合成表征及其电检测Cr(Ⅵ)性能研究

6价铬离子是具有高致癌性的剧毒污染物之一,可以改变人类DNA转录过程,导致严重的染色体畸变.考虑到Cr(Ⅵ)在生物和环境系统中的高溶解度和迁移性,开发一种廉价灵敏的Cr(Ⅵ)检测方法具有重要的现实意义.通过水热法合成了一例沙漏型磷钼酸盐化合物用于电化学检测Cr(Ⅵ),其分子式为[Mn_2(H_2O)_4Na_4(H_2O)_4]{Mn[P_4Mo_6O_(31)H_7]_2}·13H_2O.实验结果表明,这种晶体对电化学检测Cr(Ⅵ)具有良好的性能.它的线性浓度范围为5～510μmol/L,灵敏度为120μA/(mmol·L~(-1)),检测限低至0.081μmol/L,完全符合世界卫生组织对于水系统中Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度标准,且具有较好的稳定性和抗干扰能力.该研究为在实际的环境水系统中检测Cr(Ⅵ)提供了一种廉价便捷的方法.     

谷胱甘肽自组装膜修饰电极用于Cr(Ⅵ)离子的测定

将谷胱甘肽(GSH)自组装膜修饰电极用于Cr(Ⅵ)的测定.实验表明,在0.02mol/LH2SO4+0.1 mol/L NaNO3溶液中,在+1.00～-0.40V电位范围内进行循环伏安扫描,于+0.29V(Vs.SCE)处获得铬的还原峰信号、+0.65 V(Vs,SCE)处获得铬的氧化峰信号.Cr(Ⅵ)在GSH/Au修饰电极上的电化学行为比裸金电极有明显的改善,峰电流更为灵敏,且还原峰电流随着Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的增加而增大,因此选择+0.29V的还原峰作为分析信号,运用1.5次微分线性扫描伏安法对铬进行了定量分析,线性范围为1.0×10-8～1.0×10-6mol/L,检测限为1.0×10-9 mol/L.将所建立的方法应用于湖水样品中铬含量的测定,以ICP进行对照实验,结果满意.     

用光激活产生碘测定环境样品中微量铬

本文探讨了用光激活产生碘测定微量铬(Ⅵ)的条件,试验了外来离子的干扰及消除办法,并对环境样品土壤及江水中微量铬(Ⅵ)进行了测定。此方法的精密度和准确度是令人满意的,最低检出限为0.05μg/ml.     

环境水样中铬(Ⅵ)和总铬的伏安法测定的研究

本文应用以难溶汞盐形式富集铬（Ⅵ）、阴极溶出伏安法测定环境水中的铬（Ⅵ）和铬（Ⅲ） 并研究了以难溶汞盐形式富集铬（Ⅵ）的电积和阴极溶出的特性．方法的精密度和回收率，共存 元素的干扰及其消除方法。在０．２０Ｎ的硝酸钾（ｐＨ：２～３）的溶液中，以汞膜电极为工作电极， 测定了九种环境水样中铬（Ⅵ）和铬（Ⅲ）的含量，回收误差均在１０％以下。部分水样与用分光 光度法进行水质普查测定总铬的结果相比较基本一致．     

食品中重金属铅、镉电化学检测的前处理技术

以湿法消解为食品中重金属电化学检测的前处理技术,通过电化学实验确定湿法消解的最佳条件,使得食品样品在前处理过程中能够消解完全。结果表明,采用硝酸-过氧化氢湿法消解体系,加入10 m L硝酸后无需放置预消解,在120~140℃范围内加热,加入10~15 m L过氧化氢,样品可以消解完全。湿法消解食品样品,电化学检测消解液的相关系数为0.99,加标回收率为82%~115%。湿法消解作为食品样品前处理技术,能够消解完全,满足电化学检测的要求。     

离子色谱-电导检测器测定废水中的铬（Ⅵ）

建立了电导检测器,梯度淋洗,离子色谱法测定废水中铬（Ⅵ）的方法;样品经调节pH值大于9,高速离心后直接进样,保留时间定性,峰面积定量,结果表明方法对Cr（Ⅵ）的检出限为0.05 mg/L,在0～20 mg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 962,铬（Ⅵ）的加标回收率在90％～ 110％之间,同一样品多次实验证明方法稳定性好,6次实验结果Cr（Ⅵ）相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.58％,方法可用于测定废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的含量.     

微波消解技术在土壤重金属元素测定中的应用

本文阐述了用微波消解-原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光光度法测定土壤中铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、砷、汞.通过多种消解酸体系实验,摸索出硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢(硝酸-盐酸-过氧化氢)最佳土样消解方法.实验结果表明,该方法在分析土壤标准样品中铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、砷、汞时测定结果与保证值基本符合,且重复性较好,是一种用酸量少,简便快捷,环境污染少、准确度和精密度均较高的消解方法.     

极谱催化法测定水中痕量铬（Ⅵ）

在乙二铵介质中，铬(Ⅵ)与亚硝酸钠产生一灵敏极谱催化波，波峰敏锐，波形良好，峰电位为-1．66V(vs，SCE)，检出限为0．005μg／L，铬(Ⅵ)浓度在0．01-20μg／L范围内与峰电流呈线性关系，法用于水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)的测定，结果满意。     

离子交换分离-火焰原子吸收光谱法分析铬形态

研究了用201×7型阴离子交换树脂吸附Cr(Ⅵ),使之与Cr(Ⅲ)及共存离子分离,抗坏血酸-硫酸混合液还原洗脱Cr(Ⅵ),火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中铬形态.分析了试液上柱酸度、洗涤及洗脱等分离条件对实验结果的影响.结果表明,在最优条件下,测定Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)时,相对标准偏差分别为1.2%和1.9%;加标回收率均为98%.方法检出限为0.6 μg/L.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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