Graphene oxide-covered melamine foam utilizing as a hybrid foam toward organic dye removal and recyclability

Graphene-based adsorbents have been attracted extensive interest in recent years. Herein, graphene oxide-covered melamine foam (GO-covered MF) was designed and prepared by a mild submerge-covering method with the support of a super-hydrophilic melamine framework, showing its adsorption performances for various organic dyes. The structure morphology as well as chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the as-obtained hybrid foam (HF) were further determined for the possible structure changes after covering the GO sheets on the MF framework. Moreover, the HF exhibited an excellent ability for organic dye adsorption application, and which was well fitted in the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models corresponding to a chemical adsorption and a mono-layer approach during the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity by using the as-obtained HF corresponded to 258.56 ?mg ?g^?1 (methylene blue), 233.22 ?mg ?g^?1 (Rhodamine B), 206.92 ?mg ?g^?1 (methyl orange), and 184.93 ?mg ?g^?1 (Congo red), which are competitive with that of other graphene-based absorbents. In particular, the HF could be reused without a noticeable degradation of organic dye removal performance. As such, the HF prepared in this study can become an encouraging candidate for practical application owing to the reliable recyclability and low-cost.     

CFD simulation of fluidization quality in the three-dimensional fluidized bed

Multiphase computational fluid dynamics （CFD） has become an alternative method to experimental investigation for predicting the fluid dynamics in gas-solid fluidized beds. The model of Brandani and Zhang, which contains additional terms in both the gas- and solidphase momentum equations, is employed to explore homogeneous fluidization of Geldart type A particles and bubbling fluidization of Geldart type B particles in three-dimensional gas-fluidized beds. In this model, only a correlation for drag force is necessary to close the governing equations. Two kinds of solids, i.e., fine alumina powder （dp= 60 μm and pp = 1500 kg/m^3） and sand （dp = 610 μm and pp = 2500 kg/m^3）, are numerically simulated in a rectangular duct of 0.2 m （long） × 0.2 m （wide）× 0.5 m （high） size. The results show good agreement with the classic theory of Geldart.     

Effect of global warming on the distribution of Lucifer intermedius and L. hanseni （Decapoda） in the Changjiang estuary

We conducted an oceanographic census in 1959, 2002, and 2005 to evaluate changes in the temporo-spatial distribution and abundance of Lucifer intermedius and L. hanseni in the Changjiang estuary. In general, the abundance and frequency of occurrence (OF) for these two species were highest during the summer. We measured a significant change in the abundance and OF between years. The abundance and OF of L. intermedius increased from 3.7 individuals m⁻³ and 66.67%, respectively, in 1959, to 8.93 individuals m⁻³ and 85.19%, in 2002. In 1959, L. hanseni was only found during the summer (abundance: 0.01 individuals m⁻³, OF: 3.70%). However, in 2002, this species was collected during all seasons except the winter. Furthermore, abundance (0.47 individuals m⁻³) and OF (25.93%) were higher in 2002 than in 1959. Further increases in abundance and OF were measured during cruises during the spring of 2005. We hypothesize that global warming is responsible for the increase in abundance of L. intermedius and L. hanseni and the northward expansion of L. hanseni in the Changjiang estuary. Given our results, monitoring of both species may be useful to evaluate the effects of climate change.     

Red organic light emitting device with improved performance using a novel fluorescent dye codoped with phosphor-sensitizer

Efficient red organic light-emitting device consisted of a compound fluorescent-phosphor-sensitized emission layer was fabricated. A novel red fluorescent dye, 3-(dicyanomethylene)-5,5-dimethyl-1-(4-dimethylamino-styryl) cyclohexene (DCDDC), and a green phosphorescent dye, fac tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)3] were codoped into a host material 4,4’-N,N’-dicarbazolebiphenyl (CBP). By adjusting the component ratio of doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of Ir(ppy)3:DCDDC were constructed. The results demonstrated that the device with 0.2 wt% DCDDC had a maximum power efficiency (η_p) of 2.12 lm/W at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm², which was about 38% higher than that of conventional fluorescent device. When at a current density of 4 mA/cm2 (100 cd/m²) and 52 mA/cm² (1000 cd/m²), the η_p percentage was about 160% and 143% higher than that of conventional device, respectively. A stable red light emission at a peak of 615 nm with Commissions Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates near the region of (0.56, 0.42) in a wide bias range was also obtained. The improved performances were attributed to the efficient multiple-stage energy transfer from the host to the guest and the suppression of loss mechanism.     

A Low Power Error Detection in the Syndrome Calculator Block for Reed-Solomon Codes: RS(204,188)

Reed-Solomon (RS) codes have been widely adopted in many modern communication systems. This paper describes a new method for error detection in the syndrome calculator block of RS decoders. The main feature of this method is to prove that it is possible to compute only a few syndrome coeffi-cients — less than half — to detect whether the codeword is correct. The theoretical estimate of the prob-ability that the new algorithm failed is shown to depend on the number of syndrome coefficients computed. The algo...     

The synthesis and characterisation of polyaniline catalysed and doped by squaric acid

Aniline was polymerized in dilute aqueous squaric acid and the polyaniline (PAn) was doped with 10⁻¹–10⁻³ mol/L of squaric acid. The corresponding electrical conductivity of the PAn is 10⁻¹–10⁻² S ⊙ cm⁻¹. The solubility of the doped PAn has been improved in common polar organic solvents. The FTIR and UV—Vis spectra show that the PAn has the structure of both quinone and imine. Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China Zhan Caimao: born in 1948, Associate professor     

Evidence for metasomatic mantle carbonatitic magma extrusion in Mesoproterozoic ore-hosting dolomite rocks in the middle Kunyang rift, central Yunnan, China

The Kunyang rift lying on the western margin of the Yangtze platform is a rare Precambrian Fe-Cu mineralization zone. Wuding- Lufeng basin that is an important part of the zone is located on the west edge in the middle of the rift. The most important ore-hosting rocks are Mesoproterozoic dolomite rocks in the basin controlled by a ring fracture system, which is a fundamental structure of the basin. Plenty of silicate minerals and acicular apatite, feldspar phenocrysts and small vesicular, flown line and flown plane structures, melt inclusion and high temperature fluid inclusion found in most ore-hosting dolomites suggest that this kind of rocks could not be sedimentary dolomite, marble or hydrothermal carbonate rocks. The Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta values of the rocks are identical with those of associated mantle-derived rocks, and vary widely. For the monomineral dolomite, δ^18OSMOW‰=＋5.99 to ＋18.4 and δ^13CPDB‰ = -3.01 to ＋0.94, which fall within the range for all carbonatitic volcanic rocks of the world. As for the accessory minerals, the values of δ^18OSMOW‰ of magnetite （=＋3.47 to ＋5.99‰） are close to that of the mantle （〈5.7%）, and the δ^34S‰ values of sulfides （-5.09 to ＋5.78, averaging ＋1.50） are close to that of meteorite. For all the ore-bearing dolomite rocks, εNd = ＋0.19 to ＋2.27, and the calculated Isr=0.699143, while for the associated mantle-derived rocks, εnd = ＋3.18 to ＋3.72. All the data suggest that the mineral assemblage is not only igneous but also of metasomatic mantle origin. And the presence of acicular apatite indicates that the rocks were formed by magma rapidly cooling. And the phenocryst texture and vesicular, flown and ropy and pyroclastic structures suggest that the igneous rocks were extrusive. Therefore, the ore-bearing dolomite rocks are carbonatitic volcanic rocks. This conclusion implies that most iron and copper ore deposits hosted in the dolomite rocks should be of the carbonatite type.     

Organic dye removal and recycling performances of graphene oxide-coated biopolymer sponge

In this study, a biopolymer sponge (PS) with a crosslinked mixture of gelatin-chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) was dipped into graphene oxide (GO) solution to form a composite sponge (CS, GO-coated PS) by a combination of simple dip-coating and freeze-drying procedures, as a sponge-like adsorbent in organic dye removal applications. The morphological, chemical, crystalline, mechanical and thermal characterizations of the as-obtained sponges were further investigated for the possible changes in the structure of sponge-like adsorbent after coating the GO sheets on the 3D porous structure of PS. The results showed that the CS had possessed effectively organic dye removal performances comparing to the PS. In the adsorption, the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models corresponding to a monolayer approach and a chemical adsorption were appropriated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Rhodamine B and Congo red reached 126.8 and 135.0 ?mg?g^?1; and 145.6 and 148.6 ?mg?g^?1 corresponding onto the PS and CS. It indicates that the maximum adsorption capacity on the CS enhanced significantly comparing to those on the PS owing to the functional GO sheets coated in the 3D porous structure of PS, which leads to supplying further functional adsorption sides on the whole 3D porous structure of CS. Notably, the sponges-like adsorbents could be regenerated and used again without a remarkable decrease of dye removal ability occurred in 9 adsorbing–desorbing cycles. Therefore, the CS prepared in this study can become a potential adsorbent for actual applications because of non-toxic materials, proper structural features, low-cost material and operation, and reliable recyclability.     

IR study on hydrogen bonding in epoxy resin–silica nanocomposites

The chemical and physical interactions between ingredients in composites play an important role in the improvement of service properties. The nucleophilic addition between polymer and isophoron diisocyanate molecules was monitored by FT-IR technique. The intensity loss of isocyanate absorption band in conjunction with the intensity growth of carboxyl absorption band indicates the progress of reaction. FT-IR spectroscopy was also adopted to examine the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of epoxy resin with silica as well as intramolecular one within polymer matrix. The vibration frequency of carboxyl group （-C=O） and hydroxyl group （-OH） shifts from 1736 to 1728 cm^-1and 3420 to 3414 cm^-1, respectively, indicating the occurrence of hydrogen bonding between -C=O and -OH. The vibration frequency of Si-OH moves from 3435 to 3414 cm^-1, suggesting the involvement of silica. Whereas the vibration frequency of pending -OH in polymer chain moves from 3435 to 3420 cm^-1 or 3414 cm^-1, proposing that this kind of interaction can also happen within polymer matrix.     

PEG-g-poly（aspartamide-co-N,N-dimethylethylenediamino aspartamide）： Synthesis, characterization and its application as a drug delivery system

PEG-g-poly(aspartamide-co-N,N-dimethylethylenediamino aspartamide) (PEG-DMEDA-PASP) was synthesized by two-step ring-opening reactions of polysuccinimide (PSI) with α-methoxy-ω-amino-poly(ethylene glycol) and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine. The polymer structure was confirmed by ¹H NMR and FT-IR. The resultant PEG-DMEDA-PASP with ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AMG) could form polymeric micelles in aqueous solution. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements revealed that these polymeric micelles were spherical particles with a narrow diameter distribution and that their average diameter was ca. 70 nm. These polymeric micelles had high-loading capacity (58%) and encapsulation efficiency (70%) for AMG. The results of in vitro release experiments showed that these polymeric micelles possessed sustained-release effects, with a release rate of 25% within 3 h and 90% within 24 h.     

CO2超临界一次溶剂抽提法制备SiO2气凝胶

文中采用溶胶-凝胶法结合CO₂超临界一次溶剂抽提法制备SiO₂气凝胶。考察了干燥体系的平衡状态与CO₂+C₂H₅OH二元系的关系对溶剂抽提率及SiO₂性能的影响，并采用XRD,TG/DTA和TEM技术对样品进行了表征。结果表明，干燥体系处于CO₂+C₂H₅OH二元系亚临界区域时，溶剂抽提率随温度(40～60 ℃)变化缓慢，干燥后样品中发现有机杂质；而处于CO₂+C₂H₅OH二元系超临界区域时，溶剂抽提率高于亚临界区域，干燥后样品中未发现有机杂质，其样品近似球形，粒径在20～30 nm，具有较好的网络结构。     

提取分离活性染料的微乳液膜体系研究

对适用于提取分离水溶液中活性染料的微乳液膜体系进行研究．以三元相图为实验方法，考察了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、油溶剂以及促进迁移载体的选择和用量；分析了不同内水相浓度、温度等因素对微乳液膜的影响．实验结果表明，以OP-7为表面活性剂、异戊醇为助表面活性剂、煤油为油溶剂、N235为促进迁移载体组成有机相，以NaOH溶液为内水相的微乳液膜体系，可有效提取分离活性染料艳蓝-K．     

Photodegradation of bisphenol a induced by metal ions in aqueous solution in the presence of ascorbic acid

The photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution containing metal ions and ascorbic acid (AsA) was investigated. After strong irradiation, the aqueous solution containing AsA and Cu²⁺ could produce hydroxyl radicals that induced the photodegradation of BPA. The photodegradation efficiency of BPA in the solution containing 70 μmol·L⁻¹ Cu²⁺ and 15 mg·L⁻¹ AsA reached 59% at pH 6.0 after 4 hours irradiation with high pressure mercury lamp. The photodegradation efficiency of BPA reached 10% after 4 hours irradiation with daylight lamp in the presence of 70 μmol·L⁻¹ Cu²⁺ and 15 mg·L⁻¹ ascorbic acid. BPA was not degraded in the aqueous solution only containing AsA or Cu²⁺. The BPA photodegradation in aqueous solution containing AsA and Fe³⁺ was weaker than in aqueous solution that containing AsA and Cu²⁺ at the same concentration. This work showed a new route of the BPA photodegradation in aqueous environment. Biography: PENG Zhang’e (1970–), female, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: aquatic environmental chemistry.     

从干红辣椒中提取辣椒红色素的研究

辣椒红色素是天然红色素的一种,可从干红辣椒中提取。文中对有机溶剂从干红辣椒中提取辣椒红色素进行了研究。考察了质量分数为95%酒精,石油醚和丙酮对辣椒红色素提取的影响,结果表明丙酮为最优的提取溶剂。通过正交实验确定丙酮提取的最优条件为：每次提取时间为3h,提取温度为30 ℃,提取每克辣椒所用溶剂总量为25 mL,提取次数为3次。     

甲基(苯乙基)键合硅胶对水中微量有机染料富集作用的研究

采用间歇法和分光光度法测定了甲基（苯乙基）键合硅胶对亚甲兰、亮绿、中性红、品红及孔雀石绿的吸附容量、吸附速率曲线和吸附等温线．实验结果表明,甲基（苯乙基）键合硅胶对五种有机染料均有一定的吸附容量     

反胶束萃取纤维素酶

研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵－异辛烷－正辛醇反束溶液萃取纤维素酶的性能,考察了水相ＰＨ、离子度和种类,酶浓度以及有机相中表面活性浓度,助溶剂浓度,溶剂比等因素对萃取行为的影响,并从反胶束微观结构给予解释,同时选择出了萃取纤维素酶的可行条件。     

外消旋苯丙氨酸的配位萃取拆分

以苯丙氨酸为研究对象，应用手性溶剂萃取拆分技术，考察了在含有配位金属离子和N－n－烷基化氨基酸的两相系统系统中被折拆分后苯丙氨丙氨酸对映体的分配行为。着重研究了在有机溶剂及水相中萃丙氨酸的初始浓度、萃取温度、配位金属离子等对萃取拆分效果的影响，结果显示，温度和浓度对萃取拆分的影响不大，而有机溶剂和配位离子对萃取拆分效果的影响较大。     

L-色氨酸的气浮络合萃取及其分离机制

应用气浮络合萃取技术（FCE）,实现了水溶液中微量L-色氨酸的分离富集。对气浮络合萃取工艺进行了研究,并对L-色氨酸气浮络合萃取的动力学以及机制进行了探讨。结果表明,与传统的络合萃取技术相比,气浮络合萃取在萃取效率和有机溶剂用量上都有明显的优势;在常温、L-色氨酸水溶液300mL、质量浓度为20mg/L、初始 pH 6.0、浮选溶剂为P204-正己烷溶液（P204体积分数为80%）10.00mL、NaCl摩尔浓度 0.20mol/L、通N2流速40mL/min 的条件下,气浮络合萃取分离水溶液中L-色氨酸的分配系数可达80;L-色氨酸的气浮络合萃取过程符合2.5级动力学,且主要受L-色氨酸与P204之间的络合反应控制。     

Effects of Season, Variety, and Processing Method on Ellagic Acid Content in Pomegranate Leaves*

Ellagic acid （EA） has aroused great interest worldwide owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenetic properties. The EA content in pomegranate leaf was measured in this study using high performance liquid chromatography to investigate the effects of season, variety, and processing method on the EA level. The results show that the EA content in 11 varieties of pomegranate from the Zaozhuang region in China range from 1.30 mg · g^-1 to 6.46 mg · g^-1 of dry weight in five consecutive seasons from June to October. An analysis of variance （ANOVA） shows that the EA content is significantly dependent on the season （p〈0.05）. The EA content increases significantly during the growing season to the highest level in September and October. The effect of the leaf variety on the EA content is less significant than the season. The processing methods have different effects on the EA content. Soaking for 24 hours slightly increases the EA content （p〈0.05）. Heating at 80℃ or 100℃ for 1 h after soaking has little influence on the EA content, while slow-fired cooking at high temperature significantly elevates the EA content （p〈0.05）. To improve quality and stability, several parameters such as leaf collection time, slow-fired cooking, and cooking time should be strictly controlled during the processing of pomegranate leaf tea and its extract.     

Synthesis and characterization of new calix[4]arene amino acid ester derivatives and their metal extraction properties

A new type of calix[4]arenes containing amino acid ester derivatives has been synthesized. Their¹H NMR characteristics are discussed. Metal ion extraction experimental has shown that calix[4]arene amino acid esters (2a, 2b) possess good extraction efficiency for transition metal ions (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺) and poor extraction efficiency for alkali metal ions (Na⁺, K⁺). Foundation item: Supported by the Ziqang Science Foundation of Wuhan University Biography: MENG Ling-zhi(1947-), female, Associate professor.