北山中部地区闪长岩-花岗岩类成因及构造背景

北山中部地区中酸性侵入岩以海西中晚期为主，加里东晚期次之。岩石类型有辉长岩、闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、斜长花岗岩和花岗岩类。岩浆活动分为3个旋回6期，其中海西中期第2，3期和海西晚期岩浆活动员为强烈。研究区岩体多呈岩株、岩枝和岩基产出，围岩普遍发育混合岩化和同化混染，岩石具花岗结构，块状-(巨)斑状构造。岩石化学成分为钙碱性系列，闪长岩分异程度低，斜长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩分异程度中等，花岗岩类相对较高。加里东晚期和海西晚期花岗岩类属S(海西)型花岗岩类，海西中期闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和斜长花岗岩类则属I型(科迪勒拉)，闪长岩属交代(花岗岩化)成因，花岗闪长岩-花岗岩类属岩浆成因。加里东晚期花岗岩是中-晚志留世北山地区哈萨克斯坦板块向南俯冲使上地壳局部熔融的结果；海西中期闪长岩是混合岩化(花岗岩化)的产物；花岗闪长岩和斜长花岗岩是裂谷扩张阶段上地慢部分熔融的结果；而海西晚期花岗岩是裂谷萎缩和闭合阶段地壳局部熔融的结果。     

西藏多巴—班戈地区燕山晚期花岗岩的成因与找矿前景

探讨西藏多巴—班戈地区燕山晚期花岗岩类岩体的成因,评价找矿前景.通过对花岗岩类岩体的地质、地球化学、成分演化程度、分异程度和氧化状态的分析,结果表明,早白垩世花岗岩的岩石组合为英云冈长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩,属偏铝质—过铝质高钾钙碱性I型,具弱的斜长石分离结晶,形成于火山弧环境,角闪岩部分熔融而来; SiO2含量低...     

相山高分异A型花岗岩的识别及地质意义

传统地球化学判别图解能够较好地区分I-S-M-A花岗岩岩石成因类型,但对于高分异花岗岩的判别并不可靠。相山火山侵入杂岩岩石成因一直存在S型和A型的争议,高度分离结晶作用可能是导致这一争议的原因所在。系统收集了相山火山侵入杂岩相关地球化学数据,进行了高分异花岗岩的地球化学判别及岩石成因类型的判别。结果表明,相山火山侵入杂岩属于高分异花岗岩范畴(Zr/Hf<38,Nb/Ta<17)。地球化学判别图解表明,相山火山侵入杂岩具有A型花岗岩演化趋势和A₂型花岗岩特征,为高分异A₂型花岗岩。相山火山侵入杂岩A₂型花岗岩可能的成因模式如下:中新元古代上中地壳变质基底,在燕山晚期强烈的拉张作用下,受上涌地幔物质加热而发生部分熔融,形成A₂型花岗质岩浆,该岩浆经历了较强的结晶分异作用,最终形成高分异的A₂型花岗岩。晚期,壳幔混合作用明显,形成了与流纹英安岩、碎斑熔岩、花岗斑岩完全不同的石英二长斑岩。     

山西芦芽山早元古代紫苏花岗岩的成因：地球化学和Nd同位素证据

芦芽山紫苏花岗岩体主要由紫苏二长岩、紫苏石英二长岩、紫苏花岗岩和钾长花岗岩组成.这些花岗质岩石表现TiO2,P2O5,K2 O,Zr,Nb,Y,Pb,La,Ce和Ba富集以及高的K2O/Na2O比值,而MgO,CaO,Mg#,Th,U亏损和低的Sr/Ba、Rb/Ba比值.Zr,Nb和Ce与SiO2反相关,这与Ⅰ型花岗岩恰恰相反.这些岩石的Sm-Nd同位素特征比较均一,初始εNd值为-5.93到-6.97,亏损地幔模式年龄为2.67到2.78 Ga.这些特征说明紫苏花岗质岩浆起源于晚太古代下地壳的部分熔融,即铁镁质麻粒岩在富CO2流体存在和异常高温下的部分熔融,石榴石作为主要残余相.它们经历了干燥高温岩浆的结晶分异,辉石、斜长石、磷灰石和钛铁矿可能为早期结晶相.芦芽山紫苏花岗岩的岩浆作用形成于东部陆块和西部陆块(～1850 Ma)主碰撞期后的俯冲洋壳拆沉、地幔上隆导致的热松弛构造背景.     

滇西新生代赋矿斑岩及花岗岩包体的锆石年代和稀土特征的地质意义

滇西地区沿金沙江—哀牢山断裂带广泛发育新生代富碱斑岩及相关多金属矿床.以六合正长斑岩中与暗色深源包体共存花岗岩包体和马厂箐赋矿斑状花岗岩为研究对象,开展岩相学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究及锆石稀土元素分析.研究表明,六合花岗岩浆活动起始时间约为(42.8士1.6)Ma B.P.,包体结晶成岩时间与主岩(正长斑岩)年龄一致(38.63 Ma B.P.±0.52 MaB.P.);马厂箐含矿富碱岩浆起始活动时间约为(38.51士0.52)MaB.P.,结晶成岩时间为(35.80士0.20)Ma B.P..结合花岗岩包体的液态不混溶现象和锆石稀土元素特征分析,初步揭示研究区富碱岩浆起源、演化及成岩成矿作用过程为:来自交代富集地幔源区的硅不饱和富碱岩浆伴随互不混溶含矿地幔流体同步上升运移;该富碱岩浆以其底劈作用和地幔流体交代作用引发地壳深熔形成长英质岩浆.此后的2类岩浆过程分为2部分:一是富碱岩浆直接捕获少量长英质岩浆以不混溶方式继续同步运移至地壳结晶成岩,形成含花岗岩包体的硅不饱和富碱斑岩;二是富碱岩浆与长英质岩浆发生同化混染形成混合岩浆运移至地壳,其中所含不混溶含矿地幔流体伴随其结晶成岩进行自交代蚀变,形成硅过饱和的赋矿斑状花岗岩.     

五台山晚太古代花岗岩的成因及其动力学意义

五台山晚太古代花岗岩（～2.540 Ga）,主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、少量的英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩组成,全岩化学分析表明它们具有中～高钾钙碱性花岗质岩浆性质,LILE富集和高的 w(Rb)/w(Sr) (即: Rb/Sr)比值,相对较低的 w(Sr)/w(Y)、w(La)_n/w(Yb)_n、w(Nb)/w(Ta) 和 w(Zr)/w(Hf) 比值,右斜式稀土配分模式,Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,但是它们均表现了Nd T_DM＝2.54～2.72 Ga和明显的正ε_Nd(t)值。这些地球化学特征表明其钙碱性花岗质岩浆形成于晚太古代大洋岛弧环境,来源于弧下玄武质初生地壳的部分熔融,并经历了一定程度的结晶分异。由于晚太古代洋壳向大洋岛弧俯冲、脱水,引起上覆地幔楔的部分熔融形成弧下初生地壳玄武质物质,这些弧下玄武质物质在少于37km环境下部分熔融形成五台山晚太古代钙碱性花岗质岩浆。     

粤东中生代花岗质火山-侵入杂岩成因的Nd同位素制约

运用Ｎｄ同位素及稀土元素Ｎｄ的含量关系对岩浆成因的制约,结合区域地质地球化学特征,确定粤东地区中生代花岗质火山－侵入杂岩的成因机制,不是幔源岩浆同化地壳物质并发生分离结晶作用以及壳幔两种来源岩浆的混合作用,而是地壳深熔作用,即古老地壳基底岩石的部分熔融作用。     

蛇绿岩型铬铁矿成因分类初探

本文讨论了上地幔部分熔融的岩石序列、蛇绿岩的两种成因机制、铬铁矿的向下沉陷作用、铬铁矿的富铝或富铬以及铬铁矿的特定赋存部位等问题。并在此基础上提出了关于蛇绿岩型铬铁岩的一个新的成因分类方案:a.上地幔部分熔融铬铁矿床;b.岩浆房结晶分异铬铁矿床;c.沉陷铬铁矿床。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗北部侵入岩体地质地球化学特征及成因

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗北部位于西伯利亚板块东南大陆边缘晚古生代陆缘增生带,地处二连—贺根山板块对接带的西北侧.通过对三类侵入岩体样品主微量元素地球化学特征的分析,结果显示正长花岗岩体(包括中细粒正长花岗岩、条纹正长花岗岩、钠长正长花岗岩)和碱长花岗岩体(中粗粒钠闪正长花岗岩、钠闪条纹正长花岗岩)都具有A型花岗岩的特征,碎裂岩化花岗斑岩岩体兼具A型和S型花岗岩的特征.三类侵入岩体岩浆成因与陆壳变杂砂岩部分熔融有关,均产于后造山构造环境.     

中条山西南地区基性岩墙群的地球化学特征及其地质意义

根据岩石学和地球化学组成分析, 分3组讨论了中条山西南地区辉绿岩岩墙群的成因。结果表明: 它们都是富集地幔源区源岩部分熔融的产物。第1组岩墙是初始岩浆经历少量的铁镁质矿物分离结晶作用的产物; 第2组和第3组岩墙是玄武质岩浆又经历壳幔岩浆混合和斜长石、钛磁铁矿等分离结晶作用的产物; 第3组岩墙可能受地壳混染和后期热液蚀变的影响较大。它们都形成于板内伸展环境, 可能与熊耳?中条拗拉谷的发育有关。     

新疆黄山-镜儿泉铜镍成矿带典型矿床特征及成因分析

黄山-镜儿泉铜镍成矿带是我国重要的大型铜镍矿基地。岩体为洋内俯冲的增生岛弧环境产物,为北天山洋壳向北俯冲增生记录。上地幔物质形成岩浆后,在弧间相对稳定的构遣环境下得以发生充分的岩浆重力分异,随着断裂构造的多期活动,这些岩浆、含硫化物岩浆和矿浆分别沿断裂被挤压-侵入上部地壳,形成基性-超基性岩的复式杂岩体和复式矿床,从而构成有特色的硫化铜镍矿床。成岩成矿时间应该在280～510Ma之间。     

Upper-mantle dynamics revealed by helium isotope variations along the southeast Indian ridge

Helium isotope variations in igneous rocks are important for relating isotopic heterogeneity to convective mixing in the Earth's mantle. High 3He/4He ratios at many ocean islands, along with lower and relatively uniform values in mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORBs), are thought to result from a well mixed upper-mantle source for MORB and a distinct deeper-mantle source for ocean island basalts. At finer scales, 3He/4He variations along mid-ocean ridges have been related to underlying mantle heterogeneity, but relationships between the scales of geochemical segmentation and mantle convection remain enigmatic. Here we present helium isotope data for MORB glasses recovered along approximately 5,800 km of the southeast Indian ridge, and develop an approach to quantitatively relate spatial variations in geochemical and geophysical parameters at the Earth's surface. A point-to-point correlation analysis reveals structure in the helium isotope data at length scales of approximately 150 and approximately 400 km that appears to be related to secondary convection in the underlying mantle.     

A young source for the Hawaiian plume

Recycling of oceanic crust through subduction, mantle upwelling, and remelting in mantle plumes is a widely accepted mechanism to explain ocean island volcanism. The timescale of this recycling is important to our understanding of mantle circulation rates. Correlations of uranogenic lead isotopes in lavas from ocean islands such as Hawaii or Iceland, when interpreted as model isochrons, have yielded source differentiation ages between 1 and 2.5?billion years (Gyr). However, if such correlations are produced by mixing of unrelated mantle components they will have no direct age significance. Re-Os decay model ages take into account the mixing of sources with different histories, but they depend on the assumed initial Re/Os ratio of the subducted crust, which is poorly constrained because of the high mobility of rhenium during subduction. Here we report the first data on (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios for 138 melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts from lavas of Mauna Loa shield volcano, Hawaii, indicating enormous mantle source heterogeneity. We show that highly radiogenic strontium in severely rubidium-depleted melt inclusions matches the isotopic composition of 200-650-Myr-old sea water. We infer that such sea water must have contaminated the Mauna Loa source rock, before subduction, imparting a unique 'time stamp' on this source. Small amounts of seawater-derived strontium in plume sources may be common but can be identified clearly only in ultra-depleted melts originating from generally highly (incompatible-element) depleted source components. The presence of 200-650-Myr-old oceanic crust in the source of Hawaiian lavas implies a timescale of general mantle circulation with an average rate of about 2 (±1)?cm?yr(-1), much faster than previously thought.     

Early differentiation and volatile accretion recorded in deep-mantle neon and xenon

The isotopes (129)Xe, produced from the radioactive decay of extinct (129)I, and (136)Xe, produced from extinct (244)Pu and extant (238)U, have provided important constraints on early mantle outgassing and volatile loss from Earth. The low ratios of radiogenic to non-radiogenic xenon ((129)Xe/(130)Xe) in ocean island basalts (OIBs) compared with mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORBs) have been used as evidence for the existence of a relatively undegassed primitive deep-mantle reservoir. However, the low (129)Xe/(130)Xe ratios in OIBs have also been attributed to mixing between subducted atmospheric Xe and MORB Xe, which obviates the need for a less degassed deep-mantle reservoir. Here I present new noble gas (He, Ne, Ar, Xe) measurements from an Icelandic OIB that reveal differences in elemental abundances and (20)Ne/(22)Ne ratios between the Iceland mantle plume and the MORB source. These observations show that the lower (129)Xe/(130)Xe ratios in OIBs are due to a lower I/Xe ratio in the OIB mantle source and cannot be explained solely by mixing atmospheric Xe with MORB-type Xe. Because (129)I became extinct about 100 million years after the formation of the Solar System, OIB and MORB mantle sources must have differentiated by 4.45 billion years ago and subsequent mixing must have been limited. The Iceland plume source also has a higher proportion of Pu- to U-derived fission Xe, requiring the plume source to be less degassed than MORBs, a conclusion that is independent of noble gas concentrations and the partitioning behaviour of the noble gases with respect to their radiogenic parents. Overall, these results show that Earth's mantle accreted volatiles from at least two separate sources and that neither the Moon-forming impact nor 4.45 billion years of mantle convection has erased the signature of Earth's heterogeneous accretion and early differentiation.     

与碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床成矿作用研究进展

综述与碳酸岩?碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床的基本特征和成矿作用研究进展。根据矿化特征, 该类矿床大体可以分为原生岩浆型和热液型, 前者稀土矿物是从碳酸岩岩浆中直接结晶出来, 矿化主要产于碳酸岩岩体中; 后者稀土矿物通常与方解石、萤石、重晶石、石英等矿物共生形成脉体, 穿插于碳酸岩杂岩体及围岩中, 或作为裂隙或空洞充填物, 或呈细粒多晶集合体叠加在碳酸岩中早期形成的矿物之上。以往的研究对于稀土富集成矿的主要机制是碳酸岩和硅酸岩岩浆的液态不混溶作用或碳酸岩岩浆中碳酸盐矿物的分离结晶作用, 还是岩浆期后热液蚀变或不混溶的碳酸岩质流体的萃取作用, 存在很大的争议; 同时,与稀土成矿相关的碳酸盐体系选择性地富集轻稀土, 该类矿床中很少见到重稀土矿物, 亦是有待解决的问题。因此, 加强稀土元素在富挥发份的碳酸岩熔体和碱性硅酸岩熔体或流体之间, 以及碳酸盐矿物及共沉淀相与碳酸岩熔体之间分配行为的高温高压实验研究, 将是揭示该类稀土矿床成因的关键。     

Noble gas abundances and isotopic compositions in mantle-derived xenoliths, NE China

Following the researches of helium isotopic compositions in mantle-derived xenoliths in eastern China,this study reported noble gas abundances and isotopic compositions of mantle-derived xenoliths from Kuandian of Liaoning Province, Huinan of Jilin Province and Hannuoba of Hebei Province. Compared with the middle ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and other continental areas, mantle-derived xenoliths in NE China are characterized by slightly low noble gas abundances, 3He/4He equivalent to or lower than that of MORB, 40Ar/36Ar lower than that of MORB, 38Ar/36Ar and Ne-Kr-Xe isotopic ratios equivalent to those of atmosphere. These results indicate the heterogeneity of subcontinentai lithospheric mantle beneath northeastern China, that is, a MORB reservoir-like mantle beneath Kuandian and an enriched/metasomatized mantle beneath Huinan. Low 40Ar/36Ar ratios in the three studied areas may imply that a subducted atmospheric component has been preserved in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle.``     

南海玄武岩：扩张洋脊与海山

 南海存在两种火山岩：洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）和洋岛玄武岩（OIB）。国际大洋发现计划（IODP）第349、367、368、368X航次在南海海盆的成功钻取,获得了南海初始扩张（~34 Ma）和停止扩张（~15-16 Ma）前的洋壳样品。南海东部、西南次海盆及北缘洋-陆过渡带代表海盆发展的不同阶段,具有不同的地幔潜能温度、物质组成和洋脊扩张速度,因此产生的洋中脊玄武岩成分差异显著。南海地区在扩张晚期及停止扩张之后存在大规模地幔上涌,与其周缘地区的持续俯冲有关,产出的海山OIB不同于地幔柱活动产生的火山链。南海虽小,但蕴含的信息异常丰富,是窥探地球深部难得的天然窗口。     

纳米多晶TiO2光催化性能的优化

研究了不同晶相组成的纳米TiO2对光催化性能的影响,以过滤纸为基材,通过真空过滤器,制备不同晶相组成的纳米TiO2.然后以甲苯为检测气体,通过光催化性能检测系统,测试了样品的光催化活性,得出具有最佳光催化性能的晶相组成为锐钛型/金红石型（质量比）=83/17,对进一步研究具有高光催化性能的光催化纸具有重要意义.     

德尔尼蛇绿岩：青藏高原最北端的特提斯岩石圈残片

对位于青海省玛沁县境内的德尔尼蛇绿岩进行了报道,并使用地球化学方法进行了确认和判别。研究表明,其岩石组合相对简单,由玄武岩、辉长岩和蛇纹岩３个单元组成。玄武岩微量元素判别表明,该蛇绿岩形成于典型洋脊环境,属于西地中海型岩石圈残片,是青藏高原目前发现的最北端的特提斯蛇绿岩,向东可能与南秦岭勉略带相连     

The sequestration of ethane on Titan in smog particles

Saturn's largest satellite, Titan, has a dense atmosphere of nitrogen with a few per cent of methane. At visible wavelengths its surface is hidden by dense orange-brown smog, which is produced in the stratosphere by photochemical reactions following the dissociation of methane by solar ultraviolet light. The most abundant of the products of these reactions is ethane, and enough of it should have been generated over the life of the Solar System to form a satellite-wide ocean one kilometre deep. Radar observations have found specular reflections in 75 per cent of the surface spots observed, but optical searches for a sun-glint off an ocean have been negative. Here I explain the mysterious absence or rarity of liquid ethane: it condenses onto the smog particles, instead of into liquid drops, at the cold temperatures in Titan's atmosphere. This dusty combination of smog and ethane, forming deposits several kilometres thick on the surface, including the observed dunes and dark areas, could be named 'smust'. This satellite-wide deposit replaces the ocean long thought to be an important feature of Titan.