甲亢患者双特异性免疫复合物的研究

采用捕捉法ELISA,检测108例亢患者的抗体／补体类双特异性免疫合（Ig-C3-TCIC）和抗体／抗体类双特异性免疫复合物（Ig/Ig-TCIC),结果发现,甲亢患者除了C3／IgA-tcic含量显著高于健康人,C3／IgM-TCIC与健康人无显著性差异外,IgM/C3-TCIC、IgG/C3-TCIC、IgA/C3-TCIC和C3／IgG－TCIC的含量均显著低于健康人;各类Ig/Ig－含量,除IgA/IgM-TCIC与健康人无显著差异外,其余均显著高于健康人,结果表明,甲亢患者排除“异己”原的能力低下,而免疫调节水平紊乱,从而出现过高的免疫应答,也证明甲亢患者存在整体的和细胞免疫紊乱。     

乙型肝炎患者血清中IgM类HBsAg免疫复合物的检测及意义

以羊IgG抗人IgM为包被抗体,以HRP-抗HBs为指示抗体,建立了一种较简便的检测IgM类HBsAg免疫复合物的捕捉法酶联免疫吸附试验.实验证明,该法特异性强,重复性好.用本法对乙型肝炎的6种临床类型检测表明,IgM类HBsAg免疫复合物的检出率与临床类型有关.其阳性率在无症状携带者、急性乙型肝炎、慢性迁延性乙型肝炎、慢性活动性乙型肝炎、重症乙型肝炎和乙型肝炎后肝硬化分别为3.2%、36.7%、28.6%、54.4%、55.6%和61.2%.同时还发现,慢性活动性乙型肝炎的IgM类HBsAg循环免疫复合物有较强的激活补体作用,提示乙型肝炎患者血清补体下降与IgM类HBsAg循环免疫复合物激活和消耗补体有关.     

IgM类HBsAg免疫复合物与乙肝肝损害关系初探

对六类不同临床病型２３６例乙３肝患者的ＩｇＭ类ＨＢｓＡｇ循环免疫复合物（ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＩｇＭ－ＣＩＣ）阳性率与ＡＬＴ和肝损害严重性之间的相互关系进行了探讨。结果发现，其阳性率与肝损害严重程度呈正相关，与ＡＬＴ的关系则取决于临床类型。提示免疫复合物的肝损作用具有临床类型相关性的异质性。     

抗—DNA免疫复合物性质的研究

用聚乙二醇和硫酸铵从系统性红斑狼疮患血清中分离出免疫复合物和血浆核酸。分析结果表明，ＰＮＡ的主要成分是ＲＮＡ，仅有少量ＤＮＡ存在，并且ＰＮＡ中ＤＮＡ的ｄＧ＋ｄＣ含量（５５％）明显高于正常值（４２％）。一旦经过ＲＮａｓｅ处理，ＰＮＡ抑制抗－ＤＮＡ抗体结合ＤＮＡ的能力降低，说明抗－ＤＮＡ抗体和ＲＮＡ有交叉反应。动力学研究观察到，抗－ＤＮＡ免疫复合物中抗原抗体的分子比是１：１结合能为３７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

抗－DNA免疫复合物性质的研究

用聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）和硫酸铵从系统性红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）患者血清中分离出免疫复合物（ＩＣ）和血浆核酸（ＰＮＡ）。分析结果表明，ＰＮＡ的主要成分是ＲＮＡ，仅有少量ＤＮＡ存在，并且ＰＮＡ中ＤＮＡ的ｄＧ＋ｄＣ含量（５５％）明显高于正常值（４２％）。一旦经过ＲＮａｓｅ处理，ＰＮＡ抑制抗－ＤＮＡ抗体结合ＤＮＡ的能力降低，说明抗－ＤＮＡ抗体和ＲＮＡ有交叉反应。动力学研究观察到，抗－ＤＮＡ免疫复合物中抗原抗体的分子比是１：１，结合能为３７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。这提示，除ＤＮＡ／抗－ＤＮＡ外，其他抗－ＤＮＡ免疫复合物也可能同ＳＬＥ患者的组织损伤有关。     

免疫复合物与免疫复合物病

<正> 概述抗原与抗体相互作用而产生的复合物称为抗原——抗体复合物或免疫复合物,是正常免疫应答的一个组成部分,可被机体防御系统清除或破坏,有利于抗原异物的清除及排出,并起到免疫调节的作用。在罕见的情况下,免疫复合物能引起一连串的损伤,导致疾病的发生,这种疾病称为免疫复合物疾病。因此,探讨免疫复合物的形成和致病规律,是基础和临床医学共同关心的课题。在免疫复合物病的发生上,涉及到免疫复合物的形成、清除、和沉积三个相互关联而又矛盾的方面,而这又取决于抗原抗体,补体和吞噬三个系统间的动态关     

矽肺病人的免疫状态

本文检查了矽肺病人的多种免疫状态,发现患者同围血中T细胞百分率平均值比对照组显著降低,而B细胞百分率呈有意义增高;血清蛋白、r、α_1、α_2球蛋白有随病程进展而增高趋势;血清免疫球蛋白IgG和IgA含量的增高亦与病程相一致,至Ⅱ期矽肺二者含量增高显著,但IgM含量未见明显变化,仅在矽肺合并结核组,IgG、IgA、和IgM含量呈明显增高;患者组类风湿因子(RF)和抗核抗体(ANA)合并阳性率(24.5％)比接尘组(13.3％)为高;血中循环免疫复合物(CIC)阳性检出率较高,但Ⅰ期矽肺组与对照组相比,未呈统计学差别;患者血中总补体(CH_(50))和C_8含量未见明显变化。根据患者的T细胞检出率降低,B细胞增高、体液免疫结果与细胞免疫相一致,均和病程进展而呈现规律性变化,以及自身抗体增高等免疫现象,似与自身免疲性疾病有类同之处。随着杂交瘤技术的广泛应用,联系近年国外关于石棉肺免疫学研究,对T细胞亚群变化进行了讨论,这方面的深入研究,对阐明矽肺发病机理是有意义的。对矽肺免疫的进一步研究,从实验设计上也提出了有益的建议。     

重组治疗性乙型肝炎疫苗（YIC）的实验研究

研制了抗原-抗体复合物型乙肝治疗性疫苗。用小鼠实验证明这一治疗性疫苗的作用机理为：通过复合物中抗体Fc段与抗原呈递细胞表面的Fc受体结合,促进了细胞摄取抗原。复合物中的抗原经呈递后可比单纯抗原更有效地激活T细胞增殖,释放更多的γ-干扰素和白细胞介素-2,属TH1类型应答。复合物可在小鼠中诱生较单纯抗原诱生的抗-HBs高10倍以上。复合物还可诱生更强的细胞免疫,表现为经特异的抗原刺激后,γ-干扰素的mRNA量增多。还发现复合物可在对HBsAg低应答鼠系中（B 10.S）诱生与正常应答鼠相当的抗体效价。在HBsAg阳性转基因鼠中,复合物可使部分鼠的HBsAg转为阴性,并可产生抗-HBs,反映这一疫苗具有疗效。为制备人用乙肝治疗性疫苗建立了用重组酵母菌表达的HBsAg与人高效价抗乙肝免疫球蛋白组建治疗性疫苗的工艺,以及产品标化及效力的参比实验技术。     

健康人Ig/C3双特异性免疫复合物与体液免疫的相关性

采用直线相关分析法,较系统地研究了健康人Ｉｇ／Ｃ３双特异性循环免疫复合物（ＩｇＭ／Ｃ３－ＴＣＩＣ、ＩｇＧ／Ｃ３－ＴＣＩＣ和ＩｇＡ／Ｃ３－ＴＣＩＣ）与ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ和Ｃ３的相关性,比较了Ｉｇ／Ｃ３－ＴＣＩＣ和Ｃ３／Ｉｇ－ＴＣＩＣ分别与有关体液免疫指标关系的异同。结果发现,ＩｇＭ／Ｃ３－ＴＣＩＣ与总ＩｇＭ和总ＩｇＡ／Ｃ３－ＴＣＩＣ与总ＩｇＭ、总ＩｇＭ、总ＩｇＧ、总ＩｇＡ、和复合ＩｇＧ以及总Ｃ３     

氨基化溶胶-凝胶免疫电极检测乳腺癌抗原

利用氨基化溶胶一凝胶(sol-gel)的材料优势，结合交联固定技术，实现了乳腺癌抗体在电极表面的固定化，研制成用于检测乳腺癌抗原的非标记型Sol-gel/GA/抗体膜免疫电极。用红外光谱法和循环伏安法对电极的修饰过程进行表征。该法更好地保持了被固定抗体的活性，增强了免疫电极的稳定性，可用于生物环境中乳腺癌抗原的检测。     

江西省鄱阳湖地区地下水中Li元素的背景特征及其形成

根据国家科技攻关研究的结果，论证了江西省鄱阳湖地区地下水中Ｌｉ元素的背景特征的形成及其分布规律与含水介质成分及其地下水酸碱度的关系。     

用酶联免疫吸附试验诊断蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫病免疫价值的研究

用蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫纯培养虫株和超声粉碎可溶性虫体部分作为抗原,采用ELISA方法检测人体感染蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫血清免疫抗体并讨论其寄生虫学诊断价值．检测65份成人贾第虫病血清,其中55份IgG和／或IgA阳性,阳性率84．62％．20份10岁以下儿童贾第虫病人血清无1份阳性．结果提示蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染产生的体液免疫反应存在有年龄依赖性,酶联免疫吸附试验用于蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫病免疫诊断具有局限性．     

免疫算法在入侵检测中的应用基础抗原编码

免疫算法运用到入侵检测中，提高入侵检测系统对未知入侵行为的检测。要运用免疫的思想到实际的入侵检测系统，需要建立抗原／抗体到入侵检测系统的映射，文中提出的基于特征提取的方法对入侵特征做抗原／抗体编码。该方法实现以共性特征为基本单元，实现特征编码，为基于免疫的入侵检测理论的研究到实际系统的开发指明了一个方向。     

一种人工免疫应答模型的研究及应用

提出一种基于生物免疫应答机理的人工免疫应答模型.它包括抗原匹配、克隆选择、变异、亲和力成熟等四个过程,通过克隆、变异过程实现抗体的多样性使所建立的系统具有较好的自适应能力,利用亲和力成熟过程完成知识的学习和积累.该模型具有运行参数少,稳定性好的特点,在提高数据压缩率和识别率方面具有较好的效果.     

T细胞抑制性受体及其免疫调节作用

 T 淋巴细胞在免疫系统中发挥细胞免疫、免疫调节等功能。然而, T 细胞的过度激活会导致疾病(如哮喘、系统性红斑狼疮等)的发生, 抑制T 细胞的过度激活是免疫治疗的重要研究方向。T 细胞抑制性受体可通过与其配体结合调控T 细胞增殖或功能发挥, 并在过敏性疾病、移植排斥等治疗中作为治疗靶点。因此, 进一步解析T 细胞抑制性受体的三维结构、配体-受体复合物组分及其下信游号通路将有助于免疫治疗的发展。本综述总结了GITR、CTLA-4、BTLA、PD-1、LAIR-1、TIM-3、TIGIT 等T 细胞抑制性受体的生理生化特性、与其配体结合后对T 细胞免疫功能的调节以及抗体药物的研究进展。     

封面人物简介—韩大匡

Academician Han Dakuang was born in Shanghai in 1932, native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and graduated from Tsinghua University with a degree in petroleum engineering major in 1952. He is a senior expert in oil and gas development engineering, member of Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor level senior engineer of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration ＆ Development (RIPED), doctoral tutor, and the sixth editorial board consultant of the Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition). He taught for nearly 20 years at Tsinghua University and Beijing Institute of Petroleum (now China University of Petroleum). Since 1972, he has engaged in the research work in oil & gas reservoir engineering in RIPED, holding the posts of the director of Oil & Gas Field Development Department, vice president and chief engineer of RIPED.For more than 50 years, academician Han Dakuang has been engaged in the scientific research and teaching work of oil and gas field development engineering. On the one hand, he went deep into the oilfield production realities, carried on the comprehensive study of Reservoir Engineering and gave the strategic countermeasures; on the other hand, he actively carried out the research and application of seepage mechanics and interface physical chemistry, and became one of the pioneers of reservoir numerical simulation and enhanced oil recovery technology. His contributions and achievements in oil and gas field development engineering include:Reservoir Engineering Study area: In the early 1950s, academician Han Dakuang took part in China's first oil field waterflooding program — the design of Yumen Laojunmiao Oil field waterflooding program, who was responsible for the seepage calculation. Since then, he was repeatedly responsible for or participated in the compiling work of the oil and gas field development plans, annual plans and the discipline development plans, which made contributions to the strategic arrangements and the scientific and technological progress of China's oil field development over the years. Aiming at the development problem of China's old oilfields at high water-cut late stage, he systematically studied the new pattern of residual oil distribution and the new changes of the oil field development situation, and proposed strategies, concepts and new technology development direction, which is of important guiding significance for the elderly Oilfield enhanced oil recovery and to increase recoverable reserves. His idea has been adopted by the major leaders of China National Petroleum Corporation and China Petroleum Corporation and many older fields as the highly technology and the significantly economic efficiency.Reservoir numerical simulation area: In the early 1960s, academician Han Dakuang started numerical simulation research, the research result of "reservoir numerical simulation technique" which he chaired laid the foundation for China's further development of this technology, and won the 2nd prize of the National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology and the 1st prize of the China National Petroleum Corporation scientific and technological progress. Another early study on "The Numerical Simulation of Oil-Water Flow in the Heterogeneous Oil-Wet Sandstone Reservoir" won the 1st prize of the Former Ministry of Petroleum Outstanding Scientific and Technological Achievement.Enhanced Oil Recovery area: in the early 1960s, academician Han Dakuang began the experimental study of polymer flooding, and pointed out the effectiveness of polyacrylamide solution as EOR oil displacement agent. He presided over the "The Evaluation of Potential of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Water Injection Oil Field of China and its Development Strategy ", which opened up a broad way for the application of the new technology in China, and won the 1st prize of the China National Petroleum Corporation Scientific and Technological Progress.Oil production engineering technology area: the "The New Paraffin-proof Technology in Oil Wells" research had an extensive popularization and won the National Science Congress Award.Academician Han Dakuang has published five books and a translation, and more than 60 domestic and overseas papers and reports. He is the tutor for more than 40 Master, doctor, and postdoctoral students and many of them have become experts and even professors in this area.As his contribution to oil and gas field development engineering, he was granted the honor of “Distinguished Science and Technology Experts in Petroleum Industry” by China National Petroleum Corporation in 1991, and acquired the special subsidy approved by the government in the same year. Later in 1996, he received the Sun Yueqi Energy Award issued by the Chinese Development Foundation in Science and Technology.     

过敏性紫癜的免疫生物学研究进展

过敏性紫癜（HSP）是一种常见但病因不明的系统性小血管炎,多发于儿童.存在着体液免疫和细胞免疫异常,可出现T细胞功能紊乱和多种促炎因子异常,其免疫复合物可激活补体进一步发挥作用,IgA的作用也不容忽视.HSP并非单一因素作用的结果,而是免疫反应异常、遗传因素、疾病诱因等多方面综合作用的结果.本文对该病相关的病原体,以IgA为主的免疫调节,以及患儿的免疫遗传学相关方面进行了综述,并提出了一个HSP发生发展的假设模型,并认为它可能是血管炎类疾病共有的模式.