硬段含量对嵌段聚脲结构与性能的影响

以端氨基聚醚、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPD I)、二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA)为主要原料,制备了一组硬段含量不同的IPD I基聚脲。通过FT-IR、DSC、SEM以及拉伸等测试手段,研究了硬段含量对聚脲羰基氢键化程度、微观结构及其力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着硬段含量的增加,脲羰基氢键化程度增加;软段相的微相分离率降低,硬段有序程度增大。硬段含量为35%时材料的力学性能较佳。     

嵌段聚氨酯脲的形态与性能——软链段结构和分子量的影响

合成了不同软链段长度的聚醚型、聚酯型嵌段聚氨酯脲弹性体,以及聚醚-聚酯软链段聚氨酯脲弹性体(PUU)。借助SEM、DSC以及拉伸试验机分析其结构、形态对力学性能的影响。研究表明,相分离程度随软链段分子量的提高而提高。在软链段分子量相同时,聚醚为基础的PUU的相分离程度较聚酯为基础的PUU高。以聚醚-聚酯为软链段的PUU呈现了聚醚型和聚酯型PUU的各自形态,有较大的相区尺寸和较明显的相界面。力学性能数据证实了形态研究的结果。     

聚酯型水性聚氨酯胶膜结晶性与耐热性的关系

以聚己二酸1,4-丁二醇酯、1,4-丁二醇、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、N-(2-氨基乙基)-氨基乙烷磺酸钠、二羟甲基丙酸和乙二胺为主要原料,通过丙酮法合成了不同软段相对分子质量、硬段含量、硬段种类、亲水扩链剂及以液体石蜡共混改性5个系列的水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液.采用FT-IR表征了WPU的结构和氢键化程度,采用DSC和TG表征了各系列WPU胶膜的结晶性和耐热性.结果表明,硬段含量较高、硬段较规整及添加了液体石蜡的WPU的氢键化程度较高;以较高相对分子质量的聚酯多元醇作为软段、分子结构规整的二异氰酸酯作为硬段、氨基磺酸盐作为亲水扩链剂及以液体石蜡改性所制备的WPU的结晶性较好;WPU胶膜结晶性的改善有助于提高其耐热性能.     

嵌段聚氨酯脲的氢键与形态研究——硬段含量的影响

合成了不同硬段含量的聚醚型嵌段聚氨酯脲弹性体。借助ＩＲ研究了氢键分布随硬段浓度的变化，利用ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ直观地展示了微区特性。研究表明，氢键主要在硬段间形成。随硬段含量的提高，硬段的内聚力指数提高，硬段微区形态由无序向有序发展，相分离程度不断完善。     

IPDI基热塑性聚醚聚氨酯弹性体的形态结构与性能

采用熔融预聚二步法合成了以环氧乙烷－四氢呋喃无规共聚醚为软段,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和1,4－丁二醇为硬段的热塑性取氨酯弹性体（TPU）,利用DSC,DMA,TEM,WAXD对聚合物的形态结构进行了表证,并测试了力学性能,结果表明,聚合物具有典型的微相分离特征,随着硬段含量的增加,微相分离程度增加,拉伸强度也随着增加,而延伸率却有降低的趋势,WAXD分析表明,所有TPU均不存在明显的结晶形态,当硬段含量为45％－50％,聚合物的综合性能达到最优。     

PEG含量对水性可降解聚氨酯性能的影响

本文采用"预聚-乳化法"合成了软段为聚(ε-己内酯)(PCL)和聚乙二醇(PEG),硬段为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和小分子扩链剂的无毒水性可降解聚氨酯(PCLPU),通过红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热(DSC)曲线分析、偏光显微镜(PLM)观察以及相对分子质量、水接触角和降解失重测定,研究了PEG含量对聚氨酯微相分离程度、软段结晶性能和降解行为的影响。发现随着PEG含量的增加,PCLPU的微相分离程度增加,软段PCL的结晶受到阻碍。材料的亲水性和结晶性对PCLPU的降解影响明显,当PEG和PCL比例(PCLPU50)适当时,所获得的亲水性、酯基含量以及结晶程度均适中,这时材料的降解速率最快。细胞毒性测试表明PCLPU降解液质量浓度低于1mg/mL时,细胞生长正常。此类水性无毒可降解聚氨酯将在生物工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

PEG含量对水性可降解聚氨酯性能的影响简

本文采用“预聚-乳化法”合成了软段为聚（ε-己内酯）（PCL）和聚乙二醇（PEG）,硬段为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）和小分子扩链剂的无毒水性可降解聚氨酯（PCLPU）,通过红外光谱（FTIR）和差示扫描量热（DSC）曲线分析、偏光显微镜（PLM）观察以及相对分子质量、水接触角和降解失重测定,研究了PEG含量对聚氨酯微相分离程度、软段结晶性能和降解行为的影响。发现随着PEG含量的增加,PCLPU的微相分离程度增加,软段PCL的结晶受到阻碍。材料的亲水性和结晶性对PCLPU的降解影响明显,当PEG和PCL比例（PCLPU50）适当时,所获得的亲水性、酯基含量以及结晶程度均适中,这时材料的降解速率最快。细胞毒性测试表明PCLPU降解液质量浓度低于1 mg/mL时,细胞生长正常。此类水性无毒可降解聚氨酯将在生物工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

示差扫描量热法研究水性聚氨酯的微相分离

合成了一系列水性聚氨酯，考察了软段组成、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)含量及不同NCO／OH比值对产物微相分离的影响。实验结果表明：聚醚型水性聚氨酯的微相分离程度高于聚酯型水性聚氨酯。提高DMPA用量，软段玻璃化温度移向低温区，说明体系的微相分离程度加大。随着NCO／OH比值的增大，软段玻璃化温度也移向低温，软硬段的微相分离程度增大。     

嵌段聚酯型聚脲氨酯弹性体的合成与表征

本研究首先利用先本体预聚后溶液扩散链聚合的两步法合成了基于MDl,乙二胺和聚已二酸丁二醇酯(分子量1975和1228)的两系列嵌段聚酯型聚脲氨酯(PUU)弹性体,接着用元素分析,力学试验,GPC,IR,WAXD和SEM等技术对样品进行了全面表征.结果表明:PUU材料具有优异的力学性能.由WAXD和SEM研究发现:PUU中的软、硬段都是部分结晶的,晶体的尺寸依赖于硬段含量和软段分子量的变化.认为:PUU中存在着软、硬段两相微区,硬段微区被分散在由软段形成的基体中充当物理交联作用使材料表现出橡胶弹性性质.     

改性二胺合成新型脂肪族聚脲弹性体

通过丙烯腈和异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)的加成反应，合成了一种新型的二元仲胺扩链剂(MIPDA)。将IPDA和MIPDA分别与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、端氨基聚醚(Jeffamine D2000)反应，制备脂肪族聚脲弹性体。与IPDA扩链剂合成的聚脲相比，由MIPDA合成聚脲的反应速率大大降低，这类弹性体中软段和硬段的相容性较好，但硬段的有序程度较差，同时显示出较高的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。研究结果表明，MIPDA是制备喷涂型聚脲的新型扩链剂。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-