鲇鱼形态特征参数与体长关系及变异分析

本研究对嘉陵江鲇鱼(Silurus asotusL innaeus)形态特征参数测量分析后发现:鲇鱼的头长、体高、臀鳍长、臀鳍高和尾鳍高均随体长的增加呈线性增加;而体重、口裂宽和尾鳍长随体长增加呈指数上升。根据各参数与体长相应拟合方程计算得到去除体长影响后的各参数值,并对各参数值间的相关关系分别进行回归分析,结果表明:头长和口裂宽呈正相关(r=0.703,p<0.001);体高与头长(r=0.366,p<0.05)和口裂宽(r=0.392,p<0.05)也呈正相关;而体重分别与体高(r=0.560,p<0.001)、头长(r=0.532,p<0.001)和口裂宽(r=0.363,p<0.05)呈正相关,与臀鳍长则呈负相关(r=-0.421,p<0.05);依变异系数由大到小排列,各形态特征参数依次分别为:体重(2.01)、臀鳍高(1.64)、头长(1.62)、尾鳍高(1.60)、口裂宽(1.57)、体高(1.28)、尾鳍长(1.27)和臀鳍长(0.87)。     

饥饿与补偿生长对军曹鱼幼鱼能量收支的影响

采用室内生态实验法研究了军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）幼鱼（初始体重(17.43±0.85) g分别饥饿0（对照组）,2,4,6,8 d后的补偿生长规律,探讨军曹鱼幼鱼补偿生长的生物能量学机制.结果表明：随着饥饿时间的延长,幼鱼的能量及体重损失率显著升高;恢复生长过程中,饥饿处理组幼鱼的平均日摄食率（能量指标）均高于对照组,其中以饥饿8 d组幼鱼的平均日摄食率最高（17.20%）;幼鱼在恢复生长过程中的能量、湿重及干重特定生长率均随着饥饿时间的延长而呈上升趋势;军曹鱼幼鱼在饥饿后的恢复生长过程中通过提高摄食率来实现其完全补偿生长能力;军曹鱼幼鱼在饱食条件下的能量收支方程为100.00C = 38.33G + 15.06F + 7.22U + 39.39R,同化能分配式为100.00A = 49.32G + 50.68R.     

黄鳍刺Xia虎鱼（Acanthogobius flavimanu）前期幼虫摄食习性和摄食率的初步

对1997年5月莱州湾滩河口采集的黄鳍刺Xia虎鱼前期幼鱼进行消化内含物分析,结果表明,黄鳍刺Xia虎鱼前期为浮游动物食性,主要摄食镖蚤类,短尾类幼全,猛蚤类和甲壳类的六肢幼体,摄食有明显的节律,清晨消化道内含物量多,傍晚最少,摄食的种类随昼夜不同时间有一定的变化,摄食率：C＝9.2528g/(100g.BW.d),日摄食量：FD＝0.0047g/d.     

南方鲇摄食碳水化合物后的血糖动力学方程

以南方鲇幼鱼(SilurusmeridionalisChen)为实验对象,进行饲料碳水化合物水平驯养对血糖餐后动力学分析研究.实验以白鱼粉、玉米油、玉米淀粉分别作为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物原料,配制等蛋白质(含量为40%)、等脂肪(含量为10%)、不同碳水化合物梯度的4组饲料,饲料碳水化合物水平设计分别为0%,6%,12%,18%.实验鱼喂养8周后,进行一次定量投喂,并在48h内测定相关参数.结果表明:南方鲇摄食碳水化合物饲料后导致血糖水平持续升高.药物动力学方程能够较好的拟合和解释南方鲇食后血糖反应曲线,为进一步探讨肉食性鱼类对摄食的碳水化合物适应性较差的机制提供了模型.     

浙北沿海嫁Cellana toreuma(Reeve)年龄与生长的研究

根据 1996年至 1999年间浙北沿海逐月采集所得 2 573枚嫁盄可数可量性状测定资料进行年龄和生长的研究,结果表明 :本海区嫁盄的年轮形成周期为一年,年轮形成期主要在 1月份：壳长、壳高、壳宽与贝壳顶至壳后缘的最大距离成线性关系,其回归方程分别为： L=1.109 4R＋ 1.268 7(r=0.980 1),H=0.508 5R＋ 0.420 5(r=0.969 6),B=0.494 5R＋ 1.092(r=0.961 3);体重与贝体各维数间的最优方程为 W（干重） =0.166 4L0.98 12H0.608 2B1.495 9(r=0.990 6)。用单一维数来表示时 W与 L指数关系最佳 ,因此 ,实际应用时可采用 W′ (湿重 )=0.039 0L3.432 4(r=0.948 7),W（干重） =0.034 6L3.240 9（ r=0.966 9） ,G（干肉重） =0.004 1L3.231 4(r=0.974 2)。其生长可用 Logistic生长方程 Lt=6.149 2/（ 1＋ e2.135 4－ 0.081 36t） (r=0.983 2)拟合。其壳长生长曲线的拐点为 26.25月龄,其生长速度和加速度曲线能反映生长过程的变化特征。合理采捕的生物指标拟规定以采捕季节为 4至 6月份,贝体规格为壳长 3.781 3～ 4.013 4 cm为宜。     

等边浅蛤数量性状参数的相关分析

测量了等边浅蛤壳长、壳宽、壳高等壳体性状和湿全重、软体部湿重、软体部干重等经济性状．分析表明,等边浅蛤各性状间的相关系数均达到显著水平．壳高与壳长,壳高与壳宽,湿全重与软体部湿重,湿全重与软体部干重之间均呈线性正相关,可用线性回归方程模式表示:Y=a bX;壳长与湿全重,壳长与软体部湿重,壳高与湿全重,壳高与软体部湿重之间均呈幂函数关系,可用幂函数回归方程表示:Y=aXb．建立了经济性状与壳体形态性状的多元回归方程．     

饵料对幼海马生长的影响

在人工养殖条件下，幼海马对投喂的饵料具有选择性，不同的饵料对幼海马生长和成活影响很大。幼海马在不同生长阶段摄食不同的饵料，随着幼海马体长增加，捕食对象也逐渐增大。根据幼海马胃内含物的检出率和占胃率发现，刚出生的幼海马适宜饵料为轮虫和单细胞藻类，随后最适饵料逐渐变为枝角类、桡足类。当幼海马能摄食枝角类和桡足类后，生长速度加快，这两类饵料生物在幼海马胃内总占胃率与生长速度的关系式为：y＝8．93431n x-18．6628(r＝0．9021，r0.05＝0．8780，r＞r0.05)。     

饲料碳水化合物对南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)幼鱼消化酶活性的影响

实验室循环水养殖系统中，27．5℃条件下，以对照组（添加0％碳水化合物）和处理组（添加12％碳水化合物）的人丁配合饲料喂养南方鲇（Silurus meridionalis Chert）幼鱼（38～42g），在喂养0，2，4周后分别测定实验鱼胃、肠、胰的淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性．结果显示：胃、肠、胰淀粉酶活性在对照组与处理组之间差异均不显著；南方鲇幼鱼的淀粉酶活性的基础水平（未经实验处理的0周）在胃、肠分别为0．073，0．108U／mg，高于某些肉食性鱼类的相应水平；蛋白酶活性在摄人碳水化合物后却产生了明显的变化（卢〈0．05）．研究表明：南方鲇幼鱼淀粉酶活性对饲料碳水化合物的变化具有相对保守性，而蛋白酶活性对碳水化合物的变化则表现出明显的反应．本研究提示，南方鲇幼鱼能够利用饲料碳水化合物可能与其淀粉酶活性的基础水平较高有关．     

浙北沿海嫁Cellana toreuma (Reeve)年龄与生长的研究

根据1996年至1999年间浙北沿海逐月采集所得2573枚嫁可数可量性状测定资料进行年龄和生长的研究,结果表明本海区嫁的年轮形成周期为一年,年轮形成期主要在1月份壳长、壳高、壳宽与贝壳顶至壳后缘的最大距离成线性关系,其回归方程分别为L=1.1094R+1.2687(r=0.9801),H=0.5085R+0.4205(r＝0.9696),B=0.4945R+1.092(r=0.9613);体重与贝体各维数间的最优方程为W(干重)＝0.1664L0.9812H0.6082B104959(r=0.9906).用单一维数来表示时W与L指数关系最佳,因此,实际应用时可采用W'1(湿重)＝0.0390L3.4324(r＝0.9487),W(干重)=0.0346L3.2409(r=0.9669),G(干肉重)=0.0041L3.3214(r=0.9742).其生长可用Logistic生长方程Lt=6.1492/(1+e2.1354-0.08136t)(r＝0.9832)拟合.其壳长生长曲线的拐点为26.25月龄,其生长速度和加速度曲线能反映生长过程的变化特征.合理采捕的生物指标拟规定以采捕季节为4至6月份,贝体规格为亮长3.7813～4.0134cm为宜.     

饥饿对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼粗化学成分的影响 (动物科学)

为讨论尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼的鱼体化学成分和能量密度随饥饿时间延长的变化规律,2010年1月采集初始体质量为(3.61±0.13)g的尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼40尾,以饥饿处理0 d为对照,将饥饿处理8、15、22和45 d分为4个组,分别测定所有材料的鱼体化学成分,估算了能量密度。结果表明,随饥饿时间(t)天数的延长,尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的蛋白质含量(PRO)、脂肪含量(FAT)和能量密度(E)降低,可以分别描述为方程PRO=14.727e-0.006 5 t(r2=0.707,n=37,p<0.05)、FAT=2.295 5e-0.036 6 t(r2=0.552,n=37,p<0.05)和E=4.478 1e-0.011 3 t(r2=0.694,n=37,p<0.05);随饥饿时间(t)天数的延长,含水量(WAT)和灰分含量(ASH)升高,可以分别描述为方程WAT=76.1969 e0.001 3 t(r2=0.566,n=37,p<0.05)和ASH=4.467 8 e0.008 3 t(r2=0.729,n=37,p<0.01);PRO、FAT和E均分别与WAT呈显著的负线性关系,可以分别描述为方程PRO=61.969 9-0.625 1WAT(r2=0.740,n=37,p<0.05)、FAT=47.908 8-0.593 8 WAT(r2=0.899,n=37,p<0.05)和E=33.548 9-0.382 1 WAT(r2=0.955,n=37,p<0.05)。研究认为该种鱼在饥饿初期大量消耗脂肪,并随着饥饿时间的延长,净耗量逐渐减少,同时在整个饥饿过程消耗蛋白质。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that