矽卡岩中石榴子石的稀土配分特征及其成因指示

通过总结矽卡岩矿床中石榴子石的主、微量成分组成特征,探讨影响稀土配分特征的主要原因.结果表明,矽卡岩矿床中石榴子石主要为钙铝-钙铁榴石系列.随着Fe含量减少,从钙铁榴石富集轻稀土变化为钙铝榴石富集重稀土.随着钙铁榴石含量逐渐减少,富集轻稀土的石榴石配分曲线最高点从La-Ce移动到Ce-Pr,再移动到Pr-Nd.石榴子石...     

塔北西部岩浆热液–地层水流体系统及碳酸盐岩储层的成岩作用响应

通过对塔北地区多个碳酸盐岩露头的深入研究,认为该区域碳酸盐岩依次经历了硅化→热液白云石化→方解石化3个主要的后期成岩作用改造。通过对包裹体、同位素及稀土元素地球化学的研究,发现硅化流体具有高温度、高盐度特征;热液白云石化流体具有相对基质白云石明显的Eu正异常以及更高的轻重REE的分异度,而对方解石化流体的平衡水的计算可知,δ18OSMOW主要分布在+5.5‰～+12‰区间内,与岩浆热液流体的同位素值相一致。综合分析认为,存在岩浆热液对塔北地区碳酸盐岩的后期成岩改造。此外,通过对各露头碳、氧、锶同位素等的分析发现,后期成岩流体具有复杂性和叠加性,存在有机碳的影响以及大气淡水、壳源富87Sr地层水的混溶。岩浆活动为热液循环提供了大量的热源,异常的热事件驱动成岩流体进行广泛的循环流动,对碳酸盐岩地层进行热液成岩改造,同时岩浆热液也为成岩流体提供了诸如Si,REE等物质组分。晶洞内大量石英、硬石膏的发现说明研究区域的碳酸盐岩经历了广泛的酸性溶蚀作用,具有岩浆活动背景的开启性断层发育带成为有利的勘探靶区。     

贵州镇远江古钒矿矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

本文根据镇远江古钒矿床钻孔岩芯及坑道所采集样品的REE分析资料,讨论黑色岩系的REE配分模式的特征与相互关系,以期找出部分稀土元素参数(ΣREE、LREE/HREE、δCe、δEu等)的变化规律,探讨矿床成矿的有关问题。通过分析,认为早寒武世黑色岩系既有热液作用也有正常海水参与,矿床的形成与海底热水作用有较大关系。     

相山铀矿田山南矿区稀土元素特征及其地质意义

对相山铀矿田山南矿区围岩、矿石稀土元素地球化学特征进行了研究。矿区基底片岩∑REE平均值与火山岩系岩石∑REE平均值大致相当,自围岩、普通矿石到富矿石,∑REE不断增高。围岩稀土元素配分模式均呈轻稀土富集的右倾型,火山岩系岩石稀土元素配分模式彼此平行一致,火山岩系具同源性,是同一岩浆房脉动事件的产物。火山岩系围岩及矿石Eu亏损明显,结合稀土组分比值特征及岩、矿石轻、中、重稀土三角图解和LREE/HREE-(Eu/∑REE)×100图解特征,表明火山岩浆在通向地表途中受到高度分馏结晶作用,U及REE富集于岩浆期后热液,为铀成矿提供了物质基础,矿区火山岩系成岩事件与铀成矿事件均是受制于火山岩浆活动的地质事件。成矿流体富含F,Cl,CO2等挥发分,在还原环境下成矿物质卸载,成矿温度可能不大于250℃,富矿石成因更为复杂,可能经历了多期次成矿叠加。     

应用锆石研究铀成矿流体的地球化学特征:以粤北棉花坑铀矿床为例

铀矿中锆石富集Li、P、Ti、Nb、Hf、U、Th、Ta、Y、Rare earth elements(REE)等微量元素,Th/U比值较低,在以大陆上地壳为标准化的模式图上呈现明显的重稀土富集、Ce、Y正异常和Eu负异常的特征。根据锆石/热液间微量元素的分配系数估算了成矿流体的微量元素质量分数。铀成矿流体具有富U,低Th/U比值,高稀土元素质量分数,轻、重稀土分异不明显,显著的Ce、Eu负异常和Y正异常,低Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值等特征。成矿流体主要来源于岩浆期后热液,并得到流体/岩石反应的改造,流体上升减压导致流体沸腾、气体溢出、碱性增高和还原环境,最终导致铀矿物的沉淀和铀矿床的形成。     

辽宁南芬露天铁矿床地球化学特征及其地质意义

 辽宁南芬铁矿是中国乃至亚洲最大的露天开采铁矿.自1949年以来,辽宁南芬铁矿一直是本钢集团的主体矿山和高品位富矿的主要供应地.本文在总结辽宁南芬铁矿床成矿地质背景及矿床地质特征的基础上,对矿区内的磁铁石英岩的主量元素和稀土元素特征进行分析.通过主量元素和稀土元素相结合的方法,对铁矿成矿物质来源提出了有效制约.研究表明,条带状铁矿(BIF)的化学成分主要由T(Fe₂O₃)和SiO₂组成,并且具有较低含量的Al₂O₃和TiO₂.这一特征与鞍-本地区、山西五台山和冀东迁安地区铁矿一致,表明该BIF型铁矿是由极少碎屑物质加入的化学沉积岩.稀土元素的总量很低,经标准化后的稀土元素配分模式呈现轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集的特征,具有明显铕(Eu)正异常特征,说明该BIF的地球化学特征(REE)来源于火山热液和海水混合液.     

河北围场小扣花营锰银矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

小扣花营锰银矿床是一个浅成低温热液脉状矿床,主要物质成分为石英,碳酸盐和硫化物。     

Analysis of rare-earth elements in fluid inclusions by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used to determine rare-earth elements abundances in fluid inclusions. Quartz separates from the Lannigou and Yata Carlin-type gold deposits, southwestern China, were prepared by the decrepitation-leach method. Leachates were analyzed by ICP-MS, using conventional sample introduction. The results demonstrate that the decrepitation-leach method, in combination with ICP-MS analysis of leachates, is effective for REE determination. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of inclusion fluids for the Lannigou and Yata samples associated with gold mineralization are characterized by light rare-earth elements (LREE) enrichment, with a weak negative Ce anomaly and a positive or negative Eu anomaly, whereas the pattern for the Lannigou sample associated with late gold mineralization (quartz-calcite stage) is characterized by LREE enrichment relative to HREE, with negative Ce and Eu anomalies.     

A peculiar composite M- and W-type REE tetrad effect: Evidence from the Shuiquangou alkaline syenite complex,Hebei Province,China

A new type of REE tetrad effect, a composite M- and W-type, was recognized in the K-feldsparthized and silicificated Shuiquangou alkaline syenites, Dongping, Hebei Province. Different analytical methods such as ICP-MS and isotopic dilution thermal ion mass spectrometer were exploited to verify the REE concentrations of the samples in three laboratories in China, France and Korea. The results are reliable and consistent within errors. In situ quantitative analysis of REE concentrations of individual zircons and apatites extracted from the very same sample has shown that fractional crystallization of magma and the superimposed hydrothermal alteration might have taken place in at least two-stage hydrothermal activities to generate the composite M- and W-type REE tetrad effect. The coexisting melt and aqueous phases, the superimposed alteration by volatile (Cl, CO₂)^– and Si, K, Al-enriched high temperature hydrothermal fluids might be the important facts for this new MW-type of REE tetrad effect. In addition, the peculiar MW-type tetrad effect might be an indicator for Au mineralization of reworked plutons.     

歧口凹陷古近系沙河街组热液作用及其对湖相碳酸盐岩储层的影响

综合利用岩心薄片观察、流体包裹体和地球化学分析手段,研究歧口凹陷古近系沙河街组沉积时期热液活动对湖相碳酸盐储层物性的控制作用。结果表明:碳酸盐岩地层中广泛发育鞍状白云石,同时伴生黄铁矿和石英;多数碳酸盐岩样品富集轻稀土元素,Eu正异常明显,同时具有较低的87 Sr/86 Sr比值;流体包裹体均一温度普遍高于埋藏时的古地温;研究区热液活动对碳酸盐岩储层有着明显的改造作用。在深部富CO2热液的侵蚀下,碳酸盐岩形成大量溶蚀孔、扩大溶蚀缝和晶间孔,储层物性有着明显的改善;但随之产生的白云岩化作用在一定程度上堵塞已形成的孔隙,给物性带来负面影响;歧口凹陷热液碳酸盐岩储集相被深大走滑断裂所控制,在负花构造部位最为发育,热流体上涌的根源可能为新近系的广泛热事件。     

黔东南主山冲金矿稀土元素地球化学特征研究

通过对主山冲金矿区的石英脉、蚀变矿石及区域上的远矿围岩和辉绿岩中稀土元素组成的比较,发现蚀变矿石与远矿围岩中的稀土模式基本一致,说明矿区成矿流体的稀土模式保持相对不变,故可用纯净石英脉中稀土的配分模式来代表成矿流体的稀土模式,从而利用稀土配分的示踪作用判断了矿区成矿流体来自深部.同时稀土元素也是热液型金矿成矿物质来源的良好指示剂,通过对石英、远矿围岩和辉绿岩中的稀土进一步比较表明,成矿物质属混合来源.     

Sm-Nd isotopic geochronology of the Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE deposit at Wuding, Yunnan Province and its genetic significance

Sm-Nd isotope systematics of ores and fluorites places precise time constraints on REE mineralization of the Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE deposit in Yunnan Province which occur in the Proterozoic Kunyan group. The ore-related fluorites contain high abundant REE, and show a strong enrichment of LREE and a positive Eu anomaly, which is in marked contrast to post-ore fluorites that are HREE enriched. The Sm-Nd isochron ages of the ores and fluorites are 1539±40 Ma and 1617±100 Ma, respectively, and calculated εNd（t） are -4.6 and -3.2. Accurate age determinations of the mineralization demonstrate that the REE mineralization took place during early Mesoproterozoic. Together with other geological evidence from the ore deposit, the primary REE-bearing ore-forming fluids are suggested to have been derived from the Enriched Mantle, and the Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE ore deposit is of volcanic exhalation- hydrothermal sedimentary origin. This study also imply that the sudden large-scale REE mineralization in the Mesoproterozoic epoch may have been induced by alkaline-rich anorogenic magmatism which occurred at marginal rifts of the continent in the Mesoproterozoic.     

湘黔地区埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪之交硅质岩的成因探讨——来自稀土元素和Ge/Si比值的证据

对埃迪卡拉纪?寒武纪之交的贵州铜仁坝黄剖面留茶坡组层状硅质岩和湖南张家界柑子坪剖面留茶坡组穹隆状硅质岩的主量、微量元素和稀土元素以及Ge/Si特征进行分析, 探讨两种硅质岩的成因。层状硅质岩的SiO₂含量为96.06%~99.61%, 穹窿状硅质岩的SiO₂含量为98.62%~99.56%, 平均值为99.13%; 其他元素含量很低, 两者均为纯硅质岩。坝黄层状硅质岩的ΣREE为20.14~248.56 μg/g (平均100.62 μg/g), Eu/Eu*值为0.90~1.10 (平均1.06), 无明显异常, Ge/Si值为0.13~0.98 μmol/mol (平均0.50 μmol/mol), Al₂O₃与ΣREE明显正相关, 表明硅质岩成分明显受陆源输入的控制。柑子坪穹隆状硅质岩的ΣREE值低, 为3.75~7.24 μg/g (平均5.73 μg/g), Ce/Ce*值为0.46~0.66 (平均0.57), 具负异常, Eu/Eu*值为2.28~11.07 (平均4.60), 具明显正异常, Ge/Si值为1.09~1.43 μmol/mol (平均1.25 μmol/mol), Al₂O₃与ΣREE的相关性较差, 表明硅质岩为海底热液成因。Al₂O₃与Ge/Si的相关性强弱也可以反映硅质岩的来源。结合古地理环境, 推断层状硅质岩可能形成于盆地内部, 而穹隆状硅质岩可能发育在台缘同生断裂处, 因海底热液喷流而形成。以1 μmol/mol 作为Ge/Si的临界值可以为示踪硅质岩的物质来源提供新的思路。     

Detection of methane plumes in the water column of Losatchev hydrothermal vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridse

During DY105-17 cruise onboard the PJV ＂Da Yang Yi Hao＂ in 2005, methane concentrations in the water column above Logachev hydrothermal vent field were measured by applying stripping/trapping-gas chromatographic （GC） and the distinct methane plumes were detected. Results show that the background methane concentration within the Logachev area is from 1.05 nmol/L to 1.68 nmol/L, significantly higher than the background level of the Atlantic abyssal plain of 0.4-0.5 nmol/L, suggesting that hydrothermal venting is a major source of dissolved methane to the ocean. The highest anomalies of methane concentrations in the water column range from 7.14 nmol/L to 113.9 nmol/L and occur just at 180-500 m above the seafloor. The distribution of methane concentration and the structural characteristics of hydrothermal plumes are strongly influenced by the supply of underlying hydrothermal fluids, the mixing process of ocean bottom currents and the microbial oxidation. Furthermore, the differences in distribution of methane plume between the station MAR-CTD3 and the other stations indicate a probable unknown hydrothermal vent site nearby. There occurs high concentration of methane along with temperature and nephelometry anomalies, which strongly confirms that the subtle measurement of methane concentration in water column is one of the effective ways to locate active sites of hydrothermal venting.     

与碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床成矿作用研究进展

综述与碳酸岩?碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床的基本特征和成矿作用研究进展。根据矿化特征, 该类矿床大体可以分为原生岩浆型和热液型, 前者稀土矿物是从碳酸岩岩浆中直接结晶出来, 矿化主要产于碳酸岩岩体中; 后者稀土矿物通常与方解石、萤石、重晶石、石英等矿物共生形成脉体, 穿插于碳酸岩杂岩体及围岩中, 或作为裂隙或空洞充填物, 或呈细粒多晶集合体叠加在碳酸岩中早期形成的矿物之上。以往的研究对于稀土富集成矿的主要机制是碳酸岩和硅酸岩岩浆的液态不混溶作用或碳酸岩岩浆中碳酸盐矿物的分离结晶作用, 还是岩浆期后热液蚀变或不混溶的碳酸岩质流体的萃取作用, 存在很大的争议; 同时,与稀土成矿相关的碳酸盐体系选择性地富集轻稀土, 该类矿床中很少见到重稀土矿物, 亦是有待解决的问题。因此, 加强稀土元素在富挥发份的碳酸岩熔体和碱性硅酸岩熔体或流体之间, 以及碳酸盐矿物及共沉淀相与碳酸岩熔体之间分配行为的高温高压实验研究, 将是揭示该类稀土矿床成因的关键。     

两广云开区震旦纪硅岩建造的岩石学特征及成因

地处粤西和桂东南的云开地区前寒武系顶部的硅岩沉积建造（“震旦系Ｄ 组”）,具有层状、纹理状、块状和假角砾状构造。其中的元素显著地贫ＴｉＯ２ 和Ａｌ２Ｏ３, 大部分微量元素相对于地壳克拉克值亏损, 但Ｂａ、Ｓｂ、Ｈｇ、Ａｇ 和Ｂｉ等少数几种元素例外地富集; 在Ａｌ－ Ｆｅ－ Ｍｎ 三元图中投影落在热水沉积区域; 以ＲＥＥ总量低为特征, 平均稀土元素分布型式落在世界上已知典型热水沉积物的上、下限之间。上述特征说明, 该硅岩建造是典型的热水沉积成因产物。     

A ubiquitous thermoacidophilic archaeon from deep-sea hydrothermal vents

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are important in global biogeochemical cycles, providing biological oases at the sea floor that are supported by the thermal and chemical flux from the Earth's interior. As hot, acidic and reduced hydrothermal fluids mix with cold, alkaline and oxygenated sea water, minerals precipitate to form porous sulphide-sulphate deposits. These structures provide microhabitats for a diversity of prokaryotes that exploit the geochemical and physical gradients in this dynamic ecosystem. It has been proposed that fluid pH in the actively venting sulphide structures is generally low (pH < 4.5), yet no extreme thermoacidophile has been isolated from vent deposits. Culture-independent surveys based on ribosomal RNA genes from deep-sea hydrothermal deposits have identified a widespread euryarchaeotal lineage, DHVE2 (deep-sea hydrothermal vent euryarchaeotic 2). Despite the ubiquity and apparent deep-sea endemism of DHVE2, cultivation of this group has been unsuccessful and thus its metabolism remains a mystery. Here we report the isolation and cultivation of a member of the DHVE2 group, which is an obligate thermoacidophilic sulphur- or iron-reducing heterotroph capable of growing from pH 3.3 to 5.8 and between 55 and 75 degrees C. In addition, we demonstrate that this isolate constitutes up to 15% of the archaeal population, providing evidence that thermoacidophiles may be key players in the sulphur and iron cycling at deep-sea vents.     

Molybdenum isotopic composition as a tracer for low-medium temperature hydrothermal ore-forming systems: A case study on the Dajiangping pyrite deposit,western Guangdong Province,China

Little is known about the range or controls on the molybdenum isotopic composition of low-medium temperature hydrothermal ore-forming systems. We present molybdenum isotope data from 12 hydrothermal syndepositional silicalite and carbonaceous slate samples from the Dajiangping pyrite deposit in western Guangdong Province, South China. The δ ^97/95 Mo values from Orebody III range from −0.02‰ to 0.29‰, with an average of 0.18‰. In contrast, the composition values from Orebody IV display a larger variation from −0.70‰ to 0.62‰. However, the five samples from the main ore bed all show strong negative values. This indicates that the significant variation in molybdenum isotopic composition supports different hydrothermal ore-forming metallogenesis and a metallogenic environment between the two orebodies. Orebody III is likely to have been deposited from submarine exhalative hydrothermal fluids under a relatively strong reducing environment and Orebody IV may have also been influenced by hydrothermal superimposition in a more oxidized disequilibrium condition. In addition, the δ ^97/95 Mo values of Orebody IV are clearly negative, together with the values increasing stratigraphically upward in the ore beds, suggesting that the metallogenic environment of Orebody IV is different from the open oceanic systems. There might be dynamic fractionation in this restricted environment. Therefore, the molybdenum isotope can be used as an effective tracer for the ore-forming fluid and metallogenic environment.     

REE composition in scheelite and scheelite Sm-Nd dating for the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit in Sichuan

The scheelite with large size and euhedral shape from Xuebaoding, Sichuan Province is an ideal min- eral to study REE patterns and Sm-Nd dating of non-gold deposits. The scheelite has diameters of 1― 10 cm and colors of pale beige to deep orange. Most of these scheelites occur in association with beryl, cassiterite and muscovite. The rare earth elements indicate that scheelite samples from Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposits contain high concentrations of rare earth elements with total ΣREE Y contents in the range of 369―1725 μg·g?1 and nearly all of these scheelite samples are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and have negative Eu anomalies. The REE patterns of the scheelites are similar to those of A-type granite with obvious tetrad effect, similar to that of type II scheelites. Based on reported fluid inclusion studies, the mineralizing-fluid of the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit indicates low Na activity. The REE patterns of the scheelite are probably controlled by partition coefficient in hydrothermal fluid. In the 147Sm/144Nd-143Nd/144Nd diagram, the scheelites show a linear array corresponding to an isochron age of 182.0±9.2 Ma (MSWD = 0.52). The Sm-Nd age represents the formation age of the scheelite and can indicate that the W, Sn and Be mineralization at Xuebaoding took place in the Early Yanshanian. The Sm-Nd dating result is important for the study of the multi-metal resources in western Sichuan Province.     

闽西南凤山-赤坂场矽卡岩型萤石矿床地球化学特征及成因

闽西南凤山-赤坂场萤石矿主要产于晚侏罗世花岗质侵入岩与中二叠世栖霞组海相碳酸盐岩接触变质带中,通过对萤石及黑云母二长花岗岩围岩开展稀土元素地球化学及包裹体氢氧同位素研究,探讨了矿床的成因及成矿物质、流体来源。萤石稀土元素配分曲线特征和La/Ho-Y/Ho关系图表明凤山-赤坂场萤石矿体的成矿流体来自同一流体体系,成矿物源稳定且单一,为同期成矿。萤石和花岗岩围岩相近的Sm/Nd比值以及均具有δEu和δCe负异常特征,表明萤石成矿和二长花岗岩体有着十分密切的联系。结合萤石包裹体氢氧同位素结果,显示研究区萤石矿床成矿流体来源于岩浆水与大气降水的混合,成矿物质F和Ca元素来源于大气降水对围岩花岗岩和碳酸盐岩的淋滤和萃取,属于构造控制的岩浆期后气化-热液的低温热液充填萤石矿床。