光子扫描隧道显微镜的超衍射分辨的光子理论假说

光子扫描隧道显微镜（ＰｈｏｔｏｎＳｃａｎｎｉｎｇＴｕｎｎｅｌｉｎｇＭｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ，简称ＰＳＴＭ）的发明是在近场光学理论、全内反射理论、光纤技术、高灵敏度光电探测技术和计算机等获得重大进展的基础之上取得的，最近的研究结果表明其ＰＳＴＭ已实现１～３ｎｍ的超衍射极限的分辨率，如何解释ＰＳＴＭ能够获得如此高的超衍射极限分辨率？ＰＳＴＭ能获得的超衍射极限分辨率会是多少？本文提出一种关于ＰＳＴＭ的光子理论假说，这个假说是基于下面两个基本定律：１．光子不只是携带能量和光学信息的载体，也是具有一定空间尺寸的基本粒子２．当光子发生反射、折射、散射等时，仅改变它所携带的能量和光学信息，它的粒子尺寸并不改变，即ｐｈｏｔｏ＝常数．将上面两个基本定律应用于ＰＳＴＭ时，所谓“消逝场（ｅｖａｎｅｓｃｅｎｔｆｉｅｌｄ）”实际上乃是弱光子分布场，探测光纤尖端尺寸实际上相当于一个“门”，它控制着进入光纤的光子数量，通过一些计算，可获得如下几个结论：１．在ＰＳＴＭ的探测系统足够灵敏的条件下，探测光纤尖端的直径Ｄ和近场探测间距Ｚ是决定ＰＳＴＭ超级射分辨率的两个最重要的因索．２．ＰＳＴＭ分辨极限将产生在Ｄ＝ｐｈｏｔｏｎ和Ｚ＝ｐｈｏｔｏｎ．３Ｐ     

科技热词

M理论是为“物理的终极理论”而提议的理论，希望能藉由单一个理论来解释所有物质与能源的本质与交互关系。其结合了所有超弦理论（共五种）和十一维的超引力理论。     

植物病毒增殖的超循环理论与抗病毒植物基因工程

考虑了两个典型的植物病毒ＴＭＶ和ＰＶＹ,从病毒基因组的复制,翻译和组装各个环节的反应方程出发得到了病毒增殖的动力学方程。这组方程是Ｅｉｇｉｎ超循环理论在病毒ＲＮＡ增殖系统中的应用和发展。     

浅谈超共轭效应

综述了超共轭效应及其物理性质的影响，以及超共轭理论的发展。     

氢原子理论的修正过程

在玻尔理论基础上，以氢原子能级和氢原子光谱为主线，探讨了狄拉克理论、兰姆移位、氢原子光谱的超精细结构理论对氢原子理论的修正．     

微生物生长稳定性超熵产生判据

运用非平衡态热力学超熵产生理论和微生物生长动力学理论以细胞、培养基和产物为参量，讨论了微生物生长的超熵产生及稳定性判，理论分析与实验计算结果基本一致。     

eγ对撞机上的标轻子的振荡效应

超对称理论由于具有巨大的优越性而被认为是标准模型的最佳候选者．随着实验技术的进步，测量超对称理论中的参数已成为粒子物理学家的重要任务．在众多参数中，标轻子的味混合矩阵由于紧密联系着味改变过程而广为物理学家所关注．低能轻子味改变过程，例如μ→ｅγ，由于ＧＩＭ机制压低，不会对它们给出过强的限制，所以，我们希望通过对标轻子产生现象的研究来获得混合矩阵的限制．我们选取高能ｅγ对撞机上轻子味改变过程来探测标轻子的混合矩阵，与ｅ＋ｅ－对撞机、ＰＰ－对撞机比较，这样选取有如下优点：（１）ｅγ对撞机具有很干净的…     

N=1扰动超共形孤子理论与超Leibniz法则与量子守恒流

利用Ｎ＝１扰动超共形场论研究超对称ｓｉｎｅ－Ｇｏｒｄｏｎ理论，借助于超Ｌｅｉｂｎｉｚ法则求出了一组量子守恒流的一般形式．     

基于双相介质的AVO技术在气水储层识别中的探索应用

川西新场上三叠统须家河组储层具有超致密、超埋深的特点,识别流体性质的难度很大.从基于Biot理论的精确的双相介质AVO方程出发,结合该储层实测的岩石物理数据,分析了须家河组储层在含气、水时的反射波随入射角变化的响应特征.分析结果显示,对须家河组上部的须四段储层可用基于双相介质理论的方法来进行气、水的识别;但对更深的须二储层结果不理想,需要寻求其他的方法来解决.     

Λ超核结构

简要回顾了Λ超核结构研究的实验和理论研究进展，并介绍了超子-核子相互作用和对单Λ超核的描述，以及奇特Λ超核现象的最新研究成果，包括超核的巨中子晕、超子晕等。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.