三江平原小叶章湿地土壤的CO2通量

采用密闭箱动态测量法对三江平原小叶章典型湿地土壤CO2通量进行了研究.结果表明,小叶章湿地土壤CO2通量有明显的季节变化和日变化,并且呈现出一定的规律性.7～10月,土壤CO2通量呈现出季节变化的单峰模式.在1d的观测期间,土壤CO2通量从早晨开始增大,到午后达到极大值,后逐渐降低到第2天凌晨达极小值,然后又开始增加.研究同时表明小叶章湿地土壤CO2通量的主要影响因素为地温(相关系数为0.7699).而因湿地环境土壤水分充足,土壤含水量对土壤CO2通量的影响不明显,当土壤水分不成为限制因素时,土壤CO2通量与土壤温度呈正相关.根据测量结果,小叶章湿地土壤CO2通量在整个测量期间的变化范围为0.208～1.265g/(m2*h),平均水平为0.619g/(m2*h).     

Estimation of soil respiration in a paddy ecosystem in the subtropical region of China

Water vapor, energy exchange, and CO2 flux were measured continuously from 2003 to 2005 using the eddy covariance technique in a paddy ecosystem in the subtropical region of China. The CO2 fluxes at nighttime during fallow periods (from middle October to late April) were used to analyze the dynamics of soil respiration and its relationship with soil temperature, and to simulate the annual dynamics of soil respiration in paddy ecosystems. The variation of soil respiration showed a clear seasonal pattern. The soil respiration rates at night during the fallow periods were 52―398 mg·m-2·h-1, and exponen- tially correlated (P<0.001) with soil temperatures at different depths of soil (5, 10, and 20 cm), particularly the temperature measured at a depth of 5 cm. Based on the simulated exponential equations developed, annual average soil respiration rates and total soil respiration of paddy soil in the subtropical region of China were estimated to be 178.5―259.9 mg·m-2·h-1 and 1.56―2.28 kg·m-2·a-1, respectively. The simulation equations can be applied to evaluating soil respiration in paddy ecosystems during the rice-growing season.     

Estimation of soil respiration in a paddy ecosystem in the subtropical resion of China

Water vapor, energy exchange, and CO2 flux were measured continuously from 2003 to 2005 using the eddy covariance technique in a paddy ecosystem in the subtropical region of China. The CO2 fluxes at nighttime during fallow periods （from middle October to late April） were used to analyze the dynamics of soil respiration and its relationship with soil temperature, and to simulate the annual dynamics of soil respiration in paddy ecosystems. The variation of soil respiration showed a clear seasonal pattern. The soil respiration rates at night during the fallow periods were 52--398 mg· m^-2· h^-1, and exponentially correlated （P〈0.001） with soil temperatures at different depths of soil （5, 10, and 20 cm）, particularly the temperature measured at a depth of 5 cm. Based on the simulated exponential equations developed, annual average soil respiration rates and total soil respiration of paddy soil in the subtropical region of China were estimated to be 178.5--259.9 mg· m^-2· h^-1 and 1.56--2.28 kg· m^-2· a^-1, respectively. The simulation equations can be applied to evaluating soil respiration in paddy ecosystems during the rice-growing season.     

碳钢在二氧化碳溶液中腐蚀影响因素的研究

研究了碳钢在二氧化碳饱和溶液中各种因素对腐蚀的影响。研究结果表明腐蚀速率随CO₂压力的升高而增大;温度在60℃时腐蚀速率最大;钙离子的存在减缓了腐蚀;当NaCl质量浓度等于30g/L时,腐蚀速率最大;Mg²⁺和SO_4^2-离子对腐蚀速率影响不大。     

铜绿微囊藻生长过程中CO_2通量及其影响因素分析

采用静态箱-气相色谱法对铜绿微囊藻生长过程中水-气界面CO2通量进行18 d连续观测,同时监测表层水体相关指标。实验结果表明:铜绿微囊藻生长过程中表层水体经历了"碳源"到"碳汇",CO2通量值在4天后出现大幅变化且由正转负,水体表现为较强的固碳能力,其最大值出现在第7天,吸收通量为-8.89 mg/(m2·min),实验期间CO2通量均值为-4.1 mg/(m2·min)。利用偏最小二乘回归分析法对各监测数据进行回归分析:CO2通量主要影响因素有比增值速率、氨氮与p H。CO2通量与p H呈负相关关系,CO2通量与氨氮呈现正相关关系,铜绿微囊藻在低氨氮浓度下能够更好地生长。铜绿微囊藻的增值作用是控制CO2通量的关键因素。     

Diurnal and monthly variations of carbon dioxide flux in an alpine shrub on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Long-term flux observation is an efficient approachto collect CO2 emission or assimilation data in an ecosys-tem. In cooperation with a series of international coopera-tion programs including those sponsored by IGBP (Inter-national Geosphere-Biosphere Program), WCRP (WorldClimate Research Program), IHDP (International HumanDimension of Global Environment Change), GCTE(Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem) and LUCC(Land Use and Land Cover Change), a lot of researchwork conce…     

三江平原沼泽湿地开垦后的热量平衡变化

三江平原沼泽湿地分布广泛且集中，沼泽湿地局地冷湿效应显著，但随着沼泽湿地开垦面积的增加，导致区域热平衡发生一系列的变化，最终会影响整个区域的生态环境。1997－1999年间、以三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站为研究基地，从热平衡的角度出发，采用小气候自动观测仪器采集数据，研究区域沼泽湿地的热平衡状况。主要观测要素有：总辐射、净辐射、反射率等，并与开垦后的农田进行对比，探讨沼泽湿地生态系统演化的热平衡结构的变化规律。研究结果表明：沼泽湿地开垦后，地表反射率减少了16％左右，地表接受的太阳辐射增加了8％－10％，地表显热交换活跃，虽然这大大改善了土壤的热状况，有利于农田作物的生长，但明显改变了沼泽湿地原有的冷湿效应，减弱沼泽湿地特有的环境效应，随着湿地开垦面积的增加，必然导致区域生态平衡的变化。     

中国区域旅游经济实力影响因子量化分析

选取24个具体指标,通过主成分分析法,提取8个主要影响因子;利用灰色关联度分析法,测算出区域旅游经济实力与各主要影响因子的关联度及次序．     

Comparative analysis of temperature and CO2 fluxes for winter wheat in Tibetan Plain and North China Plain using the EMD method

Comparative study of spectral properties of temperature and CO₂ fluxes measured by eddy covariance method at Yucheng (36°57′N, 116°36′E, 28 m a.s.l., in the North China Plain) and at Lhasa (29°41′N, 91°20′E, 3688 m a.s.l., on the Tibetan Plateau) is described using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. The main results are: (1) The intrinsic oscillation modes or intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) were extracted from data of temperature (T) and CO₂ fluxes (F) measured at Yucheng (T₁ and F₁) and Lhasa (T₂ and F₂). (2) Hilbert transform was applied to these IMF components, then the Hilbert-Huang spectra and the marginal spectra of these data were obtained. (3) Comparison of temperature and CO₂ fluxes in North China Plain and on Tibetan Plain illustrated that the characteristic frequencies corresponding to T₁, F₁, T₂ and F₂ are 0.05 Hz, 0.03 Hz, 0.014 Hz and 0.005 Hz, respectively.     

Photopromoted carbonylation of olefins with carbon dioxide and labelling studies with ^13CO2 and ^13CH3OH

Photopromoted carbonylation of olefins with carbon dioxide can be completed in ambient conditions (room temperatures and atmospheric pressure) by Co(OAc)2 catalysis. It was found that in carbonyl carbons of methyl ester of aliphatic acid 50% is from CO2 and the other 50% from CHsOH by labelling experimental with ^13CO2 and ^CH3OH.     

Comparative analysis of temperature and CO2 fluxes for winter wheat in Tibetan Plain and North China Plain using the EMD method

Comparative study of spectral properties of temperature and CO₂ fluxes measured by eddy covariance method at Yucheng (36°57′N, 116°36′E, 28 m a.s.l., in the North China Plain) and at Lhasa (29°41′N, 91°20′E, 3688 m a.s.l., on the Tibetan Plateau) is described using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. The main results are: (1) The intrinsic oscillation modes or intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) were extracted from data of temperature (T) and CO₂ fluxes (F) measured at Yucheng (T₁ and F₁) and Lhasa (T₂ and F₂). (2) Hilbert transform was applied to these IMF components, then the Hilbert-Huang spectra and the marginal spectra of these data were obtained. (3) Comparison of temperature and CO₂ fluxes in North China Plain and on Tibetan Plain illustrated that the characteristic frequencies corresponding to T₁, F₁, T₂ and F₂ are 0.05 Hz, 0.03 Hz, 0.014 Hz and 0.005 Hz, respectively.     

Study of CH4 and CO oxidation from electrochemical method

THE TWO FACTORS USED FOR EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF CATALYST ARE I) THE AMOUNT OF ACTIVE SITE PARTICIPATING IN THE REACTION, I.E. THE AREA OF REDOX PEAKS; AND II) THE REGENERATION FREQUENCY OF ACTIVE SITE IN THE REACTION, I.E. THE MATCH OF REDOX POTENTIALS. THE CONTRIBUTION OF EACH FACTOR HAS ITS OWN STRONG POINT IN DIFFERENT REACTIONS, WHILE CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (CV) IS A SUITA…     

中国陆地生态系统碳汇发展的现状、问题及建议

 分析了陆地生态系统碳汇相关问题的内涵与科学意义,结合中国陆地生态系统碳汇和生物多样性领域的发展现状和问题,从加快推进生态保护和修复重大工程、构建促进生态系统碳汇增量发展的科技支撑体系、加强生态碳汇的技术研发与能力建设、推进完善生态系统碳汇交易机制、加强碳中和与生物多样性保护统筹等方面,提出了陆地生态系统碳汇促进碳中和目标实现的对策建议。     

三峡库区澎溪河消落带落干期土壤硝化强度及影响因素

研究了三峡库区澎溪河落干期消落带不同地点、不同高程段、不同土地利用方式下土壤硝化强度及影响因素。结果表明,研究区域消落带硝化强度范围为0.76~9.76 mg/kg·d,平均值为3.76±0.76mg/kg·d,明显低于国内其他研究区域土壤硝化强度。澎溪河消落带从上游汉丰湖到下游黄石,土壤硝化强度呈现递减的趋势。随着高程的增加,消落带土壤硝化强度逐渐降低,但没有显著差异(P0.05)。消落带不同土地利用方式中,河滩地土壤硝化强度显著高于耕地土壤硝化强度(P0.05),是耕地土壤硝化强度的1.82倍。消落带土壤硝化强度与土壤pH值呈显著正相关(P0.05),与有机质含量及亚硝化菌数量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),周期性的淹水影响了消落带土壤pH值和有机质含量,从而影响了消落带土壤硝化强度。     

碳素结构钢中砷含量对机械性能影响讨论

以常用 45 #碳素结构钢作参比 ,以钢中含量不同的浓度梯度的试样进行拉力、冲击试验 ,讨论砷对碳素结构钢机械性能的影响趋势     

Land Use Change and Its Impact on Values of Ecosystem Services in the West of Jilin Province

0IntroductionThe services of ecological systems and thenatural capital stocks that produce themare critical to the functioning of the Earth’slife-support system.They contribute to humanwelfare,both directly andindirectly,thereforeecosystemservices represent part of the totaleconomic value of the planet[1].Ecosystemservices can be divided into two major catego-ries,one is systemfunction and the other issystem services and goods provision,whichprovide not only materials such as food andmedicine…     

东北三江平原地区水位梯度对湿地植被群落生态特征的影响

【目的】探究三江平原湿地水文因子与湿地植被群落类型的关系以及水位梯度与湿地植被生态特征的耦合关系,分析水文情势对湿地植被群落的影响,为湿地生态恢复与生态系统的科学管理提供依据。【方法】以东北三江平原洪河国家级自然保护区湿地为研究区,基于野外调查选取水位梯度明显的9条样线共90个样点数据,建立以物种为横坐标、样点为纵坐标的21×90的矩阵。采用PC-ORD 5对矩阵数据进行双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN),对保护区湿地植被群落进行数量分类并分析群落类型与水位梯度的关系,使用CANOCO 5对矩阵数据进行除趋势对应分析(DCA),探究湿地植被群落分布与水位梯度的关系。最后利用Origin 2018对典型湿地植被的株高及生物量与水位数据进行高斯拟合,探究水文梯度变化对湿地植被生态特征的影响。【结果】TWINSPAN结果显示,洪河自然保护区湿地植被可划分为12个群落类型,群丛类型沿水文梯度的变化体现了植被类型由湿生植被向旱生植被演替的变化趋势,表明水位变化对湿地植被群落的演替与分布具有重要作用。样地DCA分析结果表明,湿地植被群丛的分布呈现一定的规律,植被群落类型及分布主要受水位梯度的影响。物种DCA排序结果显示,湿生植被、湿中生植被、旱生植被在排序图上均有明显的分布范围和界限,影响植被分布的主要环境因子是水位梯度。高斯拟合结果表明,3种典型湿地植被的高度和生物量随水位的变化趋势均为先增加后减少。小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)、毛果苔草(Carex lasiocarpa)、漂筏苔草(Carex pseudocuraica)的最适水位生态幅分别为:[4.46 cm,20.04 cm]、[8.30 cm,28.40 cm]和[40.87 cm,48.71 cm],3种湿地植被的高度及生物量对应最大水位排序均为:小叶章<毛果苔草<漂筏苔草,此结果与分类和排序结果相符合。小叶章的高度及生物量对水位梯度的变化最敏感。【结论】水位梯度为洪河国家级自然保护区湿地植被群落类型与分布的首要环境因子,优势种的分布体现了所属植被群落的分布特征,并且具有指示生境的作用。水位梯度对湿地植被的生态特征有极显著影响,不同湿地植被对淹水水位适应性的差异导致其最适水位生态幅的差异明显。     

海莲林土壤CH4通量的日变化和滩面差异

采用静态密闭箱法研究了海南岛东寨港海莲（Ｂｒｕｇｕｉｅｒａｓｅｘａｎｇｕｌａ）林土壤ＣＨ４通量的日变化和滩面差异，结果表明：位于中高潮带而土壤较为湿润的长宁海莲林ＣＨ４通量高于位于高潮带而土壤较为干燥的河港海莲林，其土壤平均ＣＨ４通量分别为０．４９６和０．０８４ｍｇ／ｍ２．ｄ；长宁海莲林土壤ＣＨ４通量呈现较大的日变化，林地受潮水淹没时的ＣＨ４通量一般低于不受潮水淹没时的值，土壤ＣＨ４通量的日变化与气温和土温（５ｃｍ深）相关不显著；长宁海莲林与河港海莲林土壤ＣＨ４通量呈相同的滩面差异规律，即下部滩面＞中部滩面＞上部滩面．     

Fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 from a typical temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia and its daily variation

Using a dark enclosed chamber technique, the fluxes of CO₂, N₂O and CH₄ from nature and disturbed grassland were measured on the spot in Inner Mongolian Temperate Grassland along the annual rainfall gradient section ranging from 450 to 200 mm. The results showed that the measured mean fluxes of CO₂, N₂O and CH₄ were (1 180.4 ± 308.7), (0.010 ± 0.004) and (−0.039 ± 0.016) mg · m⁻²/h, respectively. The decrease of the fluxes of CO₂, N₂O and CH₄ follows with that of annual rainfall gradient in the measurement area. Human activities, such as grazing and reclamation are also critical factors to affect the fluxes of these gases from grassland. Daily continuous measurement of CO₂, N₂O and CH₄ fluxes showed a strong diurnal variation with higher emission in the daytime. A good relationship between the fluxes of CO₂, N₂O, CH₄ and temperature was exposed in this study.     

旌阳区平原区浅层地下水水化学演化及影响因素分析

利用矿物风化系统分析、离子相关性分析及因子分析等方法分析德阳市旌阳区浅层地下水水化学演化规律及影响因素。研究结果表明,岩石矿物的溶滤作用、阳离子吸附交换作用和蒸发浓缩作用等天然水-岩作用主导区内浅层地下水的水化学演化进程,碳酸盐岩和岩盐矿物溶解是主要因素,形成以HCO_3-Ca·Mg型为主的地下水化学类型;黏土矿物的风化溶解是影响水化学演化的另一主要因素,多稳定于高岭石阶段;离子相关性分析和主成分分析验证了天然水-岩作用是区内浅层地下水水化学演化的主导因素,并且进一步指出人类活动(生活污水、农业施肥与农药等)对地下水水化学组分的影响作用。研究成果可为合理利用和保护地下水资源提供科学依据。