考虑旅客等待时间的城际列车开行方案优化

为减少旅客的等待时间,提高旅客出行效益,在保证席位利用率条件下,提出了一种多时隙城际列车开行方案的优化模型.把旅客到达车站过程视为泊松过程,旅客在各车站候车视为M/M/1排队问题.引入Lyapunov漂移表示旅客队列变化情况,以旅客平均累计等待时间和列车开行成本最小化为目标建立优化模型.通过Lyapunov漂移加罚将目标转化成开行成本与旅客排队长度的协同优化,设置Lyapunov漂移惩罚权重的系数值寻求开行方案中旅客排队长度和开行成本之间的平衡,最终通过Little定理求解旅客排队等待时间.以成遂渝高铁为例,采用改进的和声搜索算法,求解得到优化后的开行方案.结果表明：优化后的列车开行方案能有效减少各OD对旅客排队长度,各时隙旅客排队长度比较均衡,平均等待时间减少28.3%,运输网络保持稳定.     

基于高铁竞争的机场选址优化

机场选址问题是一个复杂的多属性决策问题.在综合考虑机场建设成本、运营成本、旅客成本的基础上,同时考虑了高铁的高速发展给民航带来的巨大竞争和压力,对以往机场选址模型进行改进,引入单位客公里成本计算运营成本,创新性的提出了应对高铁竞争的机场选址优化问题.同时,分别从决策者和旅客不同利益主体的利益出发,提出了兼顾不同利益 主体利益的双层离散模型.为了描述该问题,建立了高铁竞争下的机场选址双层离散优化模型,最后并进行了算例验证.     

过饱和信号交叉口的多目标控制模型

过饱和条件下信号交叉口优化控制往往是采用可以接受的最大信号周期,忽略了其他性能指标,并非真正意义上的最优.以典型的十字交叉口、四相位信号控制为例,根据车辆初始排队长度、车辆实时到达率和离开率,通过对各进口道的延误、通行能力及排队长度分析,建立了过饱和条件下以平均车辆延误最小、通行能力最大、平均车辆排队长度最小为目标函数的多目标信号优化控制模型.该模型以实时交通流的到达情况为依据进行实时优化,不仅考虑了交叉口的交通效率,还考虑了其效益指标,为研究过饱和条件下交叉口的多目标分析提供了有用信息.     

面向OD客流的高速列车开行方案的优化

满足旅客出行需求的列车开行方案能够更好地吸引客流，提高高速铁路的核心竞争力.以最大化经济收益和最小化出行费用为目标函数，以高速铁路开行方案为研究对象，以旅客出行需求等作为约束条件，将列车开行方案与OD客流量结合起来，同时考虑旅客的购票心理和列车购票的时效性，建立了一种基于动态客流的列车开行方案的多目标优化模型，并设计一种基于个体信息和改进变异算子的多目标差分(SG-MOSaDE)算法进行求解.以广州市某线路为例进行实验，结果表明，优化后的开行方案不仅最大化满足了旅客出行需求，而且在提高铁路部门经济收益的同时降低了旅客的出行花费，并且优化后的列车总停站次数较原来有所下降，停站方案更加均衡.     

过饱和信号交叉口的多目标控制模型

过饱和条件下信号交叉口优化控制往往是采用可以接受的最大信号周期,忽略了其他性能指标,并非真正意义上的最优。本文以典型的十字交叉口、四相位信号控制为例,根据车辆初始排队长度、车辆实时到达率和离开率,通过对各进口道的延误、通行能力及排队长度分析,建立了过饱和条件下以平均车辆延误最小、通行能力最大、平均车辆排队长度最小为目标函数的多目标信号优化控制模型。该模型以实时交通流的到达情况为依据进行实时优化,不仅考虑了交叉口的交通效率,还考虑了其效益指标,为研究过饱和条件下交叉口的多目标分析提供了有用信息。     

航路网络航路点布局的多目标优化设计

航路网络中航路点布局问题(CWLP)是航路网络规划的核心。基于此,从航路网络经济性和安全性出发,考虑航路运行成本和潜在冲突系数2个因素,建立航路点布局多目标优化模型,求解时采用动态递变权重系数的蝙蝠算法以保证运行成本和潜在冲突系数能同时获得较优解。最后对北京飞行情报区进行仿真实验,将蝙蝠算法(BA)与其他多目标算法对比,得到4种算法的非支配解,证明多目标蝙蝠算法在求解航路点布局的大规模优化问题上,能够获得更优解。同时,考虑偏好经济性和偏好安全性2种情况选择2组权重,数据显示:与初始网络相比,这2种情况下网络运行成本和冲突系数减少比例分别为9.99%、15.64%以及-3.97%、65.81%。实验结果表明,该方法能够在航路点布局规划上给决策者以多种优化方案。     

基于NSGA-Ⅱ考虑性能的烧结矿配料优化

针对传统只考虑成本的烧结矿配料优化问题,研究了考虑性能的烧结矿配料优化模型,将性能指标还原度、转鼓指数(机械强度)、利用系数作为目标函数.利用非支配排序遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ在解决多目标优化问题上的优势对该目标进行优化,结果表明,NSGA-II解决多目标问题很有效,为考虑性能的烧结矿配料优化提供了一种新方法.     

基于NSGAⅡ的生产线缓存与设备布局协同优化

为解决因布局过程忽略或粗略设置缓冲区占地面积而造成的生产拥挤或空间浪费问题,针对缓存配置与设备布局问题展开协同优化.基于连续时间Markov随机过程原理建立排队网节点状态模型,求解生产线设备平均利用率.以设备利用率、物料搬运距离和占地面积为优化目标,建立缓存配置与设备布局协同优化模型.通过改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法对该模型进行优化.最终,通过某柴油机缸体生产线实例验证了本文提出方法的有效性.     

基于组合熵优化的铁路客运网配流方法

针对铁路客运网的客流分配问题,以铁路列车开行方案为基础,由各OD间多条旅客出行路径构建铁路客运网.采用广义的旅行费用作为旅客出行路径综合总阻抗的度量,考虑不同铁路线区间客流输送能力和旅客出行路径综合总阻抗,提出不同铁路线区间客流输送能力饱和熵与旅客出行路径综合总阻抗熵等新概念.建立了以OD客流量守恒、旅客换乘次数限制以及客流量非负限制为约束条件,铁路旅客输送能力与旅客出行需求尽可能匹配的客流分配优化模型.根据区间客流输送能力和旅客出行路径综合总阻抗在实际问题中的重要程度,提出了基于组合熵优化的客流分配迭代优化求解算法.算例表明,利用该客流分配模型和算法能够得到更有效更细致的不同出行路径的铁路客流分配方案.     

基于模糊非支配排序遗传算法的多车型快速路交通拥堵和排放优化

以优化城市多车型快速路交通系统拥堵和排放为目标, 综合考虑了走行时间(total time spent, TTS)、走行距离(total travel distance, TTD)、匝道排队、尾气排放和燃油消耗这5个性能指标, 改进了多车型快速路宏观交通流模型Multi-class METANET和多车型排放模型Multi-class VT-macro. 提出了一个新的高维多目标优化算法——模糊非支配排序遗传算法(fuzzy non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, FNSGA-Ⅲ), 对快速路的匝道汇入率和主路的可变限速(variable speed limit, VSL)值进行了优化, 实现了缓解主路和匝道交通拥堵以及节能减排的目标. 提出的FNSGA-Ⅲ算法, 基于自适应模糊推理系统(adaptive network-base fuzzy inference system, ANFIS), 对下一时刻高维多目标优化的超平面进行预测, 能够有效引导算法在迭代过程中的进化方向, 提高算法的收敛速度. 基于上海市广中路实际路网进行仿真实验. 结果表明, 与现有的单目标遗传算法和高维多目标NSGA-Ⅲ算法相比, FNSGA-Ⅲ算法结合改进的多车型宏观交通流模型, 可以更合理地设置期望速度与匝道控制策略, 更为有效地环缓解快速路的交通拥堵和排放.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that