具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

文献信息情报工作在科技工作及立项决策中的作用

本文揭示了在当今信息市场形势下 ,文献信息情报工作在科技工作和经济立项决策中的作用 ,同时也指出 :图书馆文献信息工作者们能在强手如云的信息市场中占领一块阵地也应成为图书馆界的共识     

道教与魏晋南北朝文人的功利欲望

欲望是作家创作的内驱力,道教对中国古代文人的欲望有什么影响,这是研究中国古代文学和文学理论不能不思考的问题。本文从道教的功利性,文人纷纷走近道教,文学观念中的道教因素等方面,对道教与魏晋南北朝文人的功利欲望作些专门探讨。这无疑会拓展人们研究的新视界。     

体质指数与心肺功能的增龄性变化及相关性研究

目的:研究体质指数(BMI)与心肺功能的增龄性变化特征,探讨二者的相关性。方法:以江苏省参加2011年国民体质监测的418名受试者为研究对象,使用身高体重计和功率自行车测试受试者的身高、体重、心脏功能能力和最大摄氧量等指标,研究不同性别BMI、心脏功能能力和最大摄氧量等指标的增龄性变化特征,分析BMI与性别、年龄、心脏功能能力和最大摄氧量等指标的相关性。结果:(1)男性BMI值的峰值出现在20-30岁年龄组,女性在该年龄段的BMI值则为谷值,男女性心脏功能和最大摄氧量的峰值均出现在30-40岁组年龄组,男女性BMI值、心脏功能和最大摄氧量三指标均在40-50岁组呈现不同程度的功能衰减趋势;男性BMI值、心脏功能和最大摄氧量三指标值均大于同龄组女性。(2)性别、年龄、心脏功能能力、最大摄氧量与BMI的相关度均较低,性别与BMI的关系是显著的(P<0.01)。(3)对机体进行适时的有氧运动干预可以有效地改善或提高人体的BMI和心肺功能。结论:在40-50岁进行长期的有氧运动干预可更为有效地改善或提高男女性的BMI和心肺功能。     

《梁山伯与祝英台》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》调式比较

《梁山伯与祝英台》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》两部作品的内容都取材于民间故事,都属于标题性音乐作品,作品曲式结构基本相同。不同之处是对造成悲剧原因的展示有着明显区别,主、副部主题的表现和运用截然相反,音乐的主基调有较大差异,作品的整体风格迥异。     

文艺审美和民俗活动的对象与形态的融合与同构

人类的审美活动和民俗活动在本质及产生根源上具有许多相同性和相似性,所以文艺审美和民俗活动的对象与形态之间具有融合性与同构性.这主要体现在以下几个方面:文艺审美和民俗活动对象和形态的主客体统一性;文艺审美和民俗活动对象超个体与超功利的共同性;文艺审美和民俗在语言形态上的共通性;文艺审美和民俗活动在心理上的相似性.     

果蔬加工和进出口环节存在的安全问题及防治对策

我国是果蔬生产大国,近些年果蔬加工业和进出口贸易发展较快.但果蔬加工和进出口环节存在一些安全问题,包括微生物及其毒素超标、加工过程中残留和添加的有害物质、加工过程中产生的有害物质、包装带来的危害.从果蔬原料、加工环节和产品三方面实施标准化,将有利于解决这些问题,促进果蔬产业健康发展.     

略谈英汉比喻及其翻译

比喻是英语和汉语中最常用的修辞格.因为文化背景的不同,为了表达同一种喻意,同一主体的英语喻体和汉语喻体可能大相径庭。因而在翻译中采取直译法还是意译法,应取决于具体情况。     

油气开采过程的环境监测与管理

 当前随着石油、天然气等开发的不断深入,对地下水、土壤、大气等自然环境的监管和保护越来越重要。本文介绍了目前国内外套后窜漏监测、输油管线泄漏监测和大气污染监测的主要方法,其中套后窜流监测的包括测井法、试井法、机械法;输油管线泄漏监测包括输差检漏法、负压波法等常规方法和实时监测系统;大气污染监测包括生物监测法、光谱分析法等常规方法和综合性监测系统。简述了该领域国内外最新进展,其中套后窜流监测包括核监测技术和实时监测技术等;输油管线泄漏监测包括模型法、漏磁监测、腐蚀理论等;大气污染监测为综合性监测系统。分析表明,井下实时监测技术、管线泄漏实时监测系统、智能化气体集成监测系统将成为未来油田开采过程中主要的发展方向和热点。     

NO及其生成调节与运动

一氧化氮作为重要的细胞信使和效应分子,具有广泛的生物学效应,在介绍NO的生理功能基础之上,阐述了NO的调节机制以及运动对NO的影响,最后展望了NO在运动医学领域中的应用前景,并对今后的研究方向提出一些建议.     

高校资助育人工作现状分析及对策研究

针对高校资助家庭经济困难学生工作中一些不容忽视的问题,要更新资助观念,从帮助学生完成学业,转变为帮助学生健康成长、立志成才,通过有效途径实现资助育人,并注意处理好资助与育人的几个关系。