大花萱草快速繁殖技术研究

应用组织培养技术对几个大花萱草品种作了快速繁殖研究。①、大花萱草不同花色品种之间利用花蕾诱导愈伤组织,出愈率不同:而 Ms 培养基比 N_6培养基更有利于诱导大花萱草花蕾产生愈伤组织。③、大花萱草花蕾诱导出的愈伤组织在分化培养基上,其分化率随品种(或花色)的不同而存在一些差异。然而愈伤组织一旦被诱导分化成苗,再变动培养基中的个别无机盐、有机物的量或变动微量的激素成份,对大花萱草种苗繁殖影响则不明显。③、利用改良的 G_4生根培养基较(?)Ms 培养基更容易诱导试管苗发根。④、试管苗移栽实验表明,春秋两季移栽为宜,可较夏季移栽提高成活率。     

大花萱草观赏性的灰色关联度分析

本文对引种自荷兰的9个大花萱草品种在福建漳州进行试种,研究其生长状况及观赏性状.以大花萱草(Hemerocallis hybridus)的株高、花序、花色与花型、花冠径、花期、叶、整体平衡感7个观赏性指标,利用灰色关联分析法对在漳州引种的9个大花萱草品种的观赏品质进行综合评价.结果表明,9个大花萱草品种与理想品种的关联度大小为:西罗亚恩典罗斯维塔静脉迷你斯特拉余烬白珍珠世界花边桌巾冰淇淋,其中西罗亚恩典的观赏价值最高,其次为罗斯维塔和静脉.观赏价值最低的是冰淇淋,其次是花边桌巾和世界.在漳州地区西罗亚恩典品种观赏价值最高,且生长良好,可进行推广应用.     

大花萱草组培苗的生根诱导研究

为了快速繁殖从国外进13的大花萱草新品种，本试验中以“红运”、“奶油卷”无根试管苗为材料，以1／2MS为基本培养基，加入不同浓度的NAA和IBA作为外源激素，对大花萱草进行生根诱导．实验结果表明：不同浓度和种类的激素对大花萱草的生根效果不同；不同种类无根苗诱导所需的浓度也有所不同．NAA的诱导效果比IBA的诱导效果较好．“红运”在0．1mg／L NAA的培养基上，生根数量和生根率都最好，17天生根率达到了100％；而“奶油卷”在0．05mg／LNAA的培养基上，21天生根率达到100％．     

不同萱草对SO_2的抗性差异研究

SO2是一种广泛存在的大气污染物.为了探明不同萱草在SO2污染地区的应用价值,采用急性静态熏气方法,研究了美国引种萱草和山西野生萱草对二氧化硫(SO2)的敏感性差异.结果表明:15种不同来源萱草受SO2处理后,对二氧化硫的敏感性均属于中抗及以上,均在极高于常规植物的临界浓度下才显轻微症状,伤害症状均表现为叶尖或者叶缘退绿发黄,叶片轻微萎蔫,随着浓度升高和处理时间延长,向内延伸,只是原有症状的加重,而不出现新症状.当浓度小于0.3 g·m-3时,所有萱草均可以在污染区使用,当浓度高于0.4 g·m-3时,美国萱草M29和M50不适合在极高浓度地区使用.山西野生萱草以平定1号综合抗性最强,美国萱草以M3,M26和M32综合抗性最强.     

6种园林草本植物对水淹胁迫的生理响应的比较研究

在建设海绵城市的背景下,为筛选出适用于园林绿化的耐淹植物,对八宝景天(Sedum spectabile)、三七景天(Sedum aizoon)、鸢尾(Iris tectorum)、马蔺(Iris lacteal var.chinensis)、万寿菊(Tagetes erecta)和萱草(Hemerocallis fulva)6种草本植物进行持续水淹胁迫处理.6种生理指标测定结果发现:持续水淹胁迫下,八宝景天、三七景天、鸢尾、马蔺的叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b值、保护酶SOD、CAT和可溶性蛋白含量显著下降(P0.05)并低于对照组水平,丙二醛(MDA)大量积累;而万寿菊和萱草则在波动性变化后重新恢复正常水平.经主成分分析和隶属函数分析比较得出六种植物的耐淹性依次为,萱草万寿菊马蔺三七景天八宝景天鸢尾.     

VIGS技术初步鉴定RgMLO6和RlMLO7基因对白粉病的负调控功能

为了探讨蔷薇科植物MLO基因在抗白粉病中的作用,研究应用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术(virus induced gene silencing,VIGS)抑制了大花香水月季RgMLO6基因和长尖叶蔷薇RlMLO7基因的表达,随后接种白粉菌对这2个基因进行抗性鉴定. 研究发现在VIGS载体转化植株叶片20 d后,RgMLO6和RlMLO7基因的相对表达量显著下降了80%～90%,沉默效果明显. 分别对2个基因沉默后的嫩叶进行白粉病抗性鉴定,大花香水月季和长尖叶蔷薇的抗性水平较对照组均提高. 显微镜观察白粉菌接种2个基因沉默后植株叶片中菌丝体的生长情况,整体表现出沉默植株叶表皮细胞上的白粉菌生长较对照组生长缓慢. 结果表明RgMLO6与RlMLO7基因对蔷薇科植物的白粉病有负向调控作用.     

四种花灌木对镉的耐性和富集特性研究

为从花灌木中筛选出镉超富集植物用于镉污染土壤的修复,本研究采用土壤高浓度镉污染法研究4种花灌木千里香(Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.)、长春花(Catharanthus roseus(L.)G.Don)、大花芦莉(Ruellia elegans Poir.)和红花檵木(Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum)对镉污染土壤的耐性或抗性及对镉的富集特性,从中筛选出具有镉超富集作用的植物.研究结果表明,所选4种花灌木在不同Cd浓度土壤中的生长及富集状况存在差异,大花芦莉在各镉浓度土壤中生长较好,根茎叶中重金属含量均超过了超富集临界值(100 mg·kg~(-1)),而且在各镉浓度下的转移系数均超过1,说明大花芦莉对土壤重金属镉具有很强的耐性或抗性和超富集作用,适合作为镉污染土壤的修复材料;红花檵木植物体中镉富集量虽未超过超富集的临界值,但其能在高浓度镉处理下生长较好,说明红花檵木对镉具有很强的耐受性或抗性,适合选用为镉污染土壤的植被恢复品种,但不能作为超富集修复品种应用;千里香根茎叶对镉具有一定的富集作用,且地下部根系富集量要高于茎叶,各浓度处理下的转移系数均小于1,但其生长状况良好,可用于低浓度镉污染的土壤修复;长春花根茎对镉有一定的富集作用,但吸收量不大,且生长不良,叶片大量脱落,不适合种植在镉污染土壤.总结4种花灌木对土壤镉的富集能力的大小顺序是:大花芦莉千里香红花檵木长春花;耐性或抗性强弱顺序为大花芦莉红花檵木千里香长春花.     

大花萱草不同外植体初代培养的比较研究

选用大花萱草新品种"baltimore oriole”的叶片、根段、茎尖、花茎、花托、花瓣和子房7种外植体,对愈伤组织的诱导进行研究.结果表明:茎尖外植体诱导从生芽效果最好,不受时间限制,但是污染率很高,且损坏花苗;花茎、花托、花瓣和子房取材受时间限制,花茎的愈伤组织诱导率较高,花托、子房愈伤组织诱导率较低,花瓣难以诱导出愈伤组织;叶片和根段取材方便但是难以诱导出愈伤组织.从茎尖和花茎诱导出的丛生芽及愈伤组织,转入继代培养基后获得了新生芽,而花托和子房诱导的愈伤组织干枯死亡.因此,大花萱草较适宜的外植体材料为茎尖和花茎.     

小麦耐盐细胞系脯氨酸SOD酶核酸和蛋白质合成动态分析

对已筛选出的小麦耐盐细胞系的耐盐稳定性进行有关生理、生化分析。结果表明：耐盐细胞系脯氨酸含量不仅稳定,而且高于对照;ＳＯＤ活性在耐盐系增加,耐盐系对一定的盐浓度损伤ＤＮＡ修复能力大于对照系,耐盐系ＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成量分别是对照的５．４和４．５倍,并对小麦耐盐性的有关问题进行了讨论。     

植物耐盐突变体筛选与耐盐转基因研究

随着土壤盐渍化的日益加剧,农业生产的可持续发展受到威胁.人们从改良盐渍土和植物耐盐育种两个方面寻求解决问题的途径.对现有植物物种进行耐盐性筛选和利用现代生物技术创造新的耐盐品种是进行植物耐盐育种的两种主要方法.随着对植物耐盐分子机制研究的不断深入和转基因技术的不断完善,利用现代生物技术方法培育高效耐盐作物品种已成为当今的研究热点.本文对近年来有关植物耐盐突变体筛选、耐盐相关基因的克隆和转基因研究进行了分析讨论.     

3种植物对泰达高盐再生水景观河道水质的净化

通过3种植物——水葱、香蒲和美人蕉对天津经济技术开发（以下简称泰达）高含盐再生水景观河道水质净化效果进行研究,表明水力停留时间（HRT）对水体中污染物COD、TN、NH3-N、NO3 -N、TP、PO4-P的净化效果有明显的影响,各主要污染物去除率随HRT变化范围如下：COD的去除率14．47％～45．09％;TN的去除率为25．50％～71．00％、NH3-N的去除率为39．96％～82．47％、NO3-N的去除率为27．21％～74．41％、TP的去除率为38．91％～90．01％、PO4-P的去除率为38．55％-92．01％;水体中TDS含量在4500mg／L左右对植物及其水处理系统的净化效果没有影响;植物系统的出水pH均比进水的低．HRT相同,水葱、香蒲对磷的去除率较美人蕉高,其原因是因为水葱、香蒲是以湿地方式种植,而美人蕉是水培方式种植,前二者由于土壤的对磷吸附的等作用从而导致磷的去除率较后者高,3种植物对其它污染物去除率基本相．     

The gain of two chloroplast tRNA introns marks the green algal ancestors of land plants

The relationship of green algae to land plants has greatly interested botanists for more than a century. In recent years, several characters, particularly ultrastructural ones, have been used to define a green algal group (Charophyceae) from which land plants are thought to have arisen. Here we provide the first molecular genetic evidence in support of the charophycean origin of land plants. Group II introns have previously been found in both the tRNAAla and tRNAIle genes of all land plant chloroplast DNAs examined, whereas all algae and eubacteria examined have uninterrupted genes. The distribution of these introns in Coleochaete, Nitella and Spirogyra, members of the Charophyceae, confirms that these taxa are part of the lineage that gave rise to land plants. Furthermore, the intron data place Coleochaete and Nitella closer to land plants than Spirogyra. These introns were most probably acquired by the chloroplast genome more than 400-500 million years ago, the time of land plant origin.     

味觉电化学传感器的研究——可兴奋性脂膜对有味物质的响应

本文研究了酸味物质，甜味物质和咸味物质对膦脂膜味觉电化学传感器的影响，发现盐酸能降低该传感器的膜电位绝对值，同时降低膜电阻，食盐对膜电阻没有影响，而能提高膜电位的绝对值；蔗糖对膜电位影响甚微，但能显著提高膜电阻。     

硫酸盐渍土变形特性试验研究

盐渍土作为一类特殊的工程地质体,其变形特性受环境的影响繁多而复杂。通过郑徐高铁兰考段硫酸盐渍土的室内变水头渗透试验及标准固结试验,研究了不同含盐量的硫酸盐渍土渗透系数与压缩系数在不同含盐量下的变化规律。研究结果表明:在同一含水量条件下,硫酸盐渍土渗透系数随含盐量增加而减小;在干容重为1.75 g/cm3,含盐量为5%条件下,渗透系数KT∈(4.84~8.44)×10-5cm/s;在同一含盐量条件下,不同含水量的硫酸盐渍土渗透系数几乎不变;在干容重为1.75 g/cm3,含水量为21%条件下,试样的压缩系数a1-2∈0.21~0.60 MPa-1,且随含盐量的增加先减小,在含盐量5%处取得最小值后又略微增加。为郑徐铁路路基的设计及施工提供了可靠的技术参数。     

Evolution of leaf-form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the Late Palaeozoic era

The widespread appearance of megaphyll leaves, with their branched veins and planate form, did not occur until the close of the Devonian period at about 360 Myr ago. This happened about 40 Myr after simple leafless vascular plants first colonized the land in the Late Silurian/Early Devonian, but the reason for the slow emergence of this common feature of present-day plants is presently unresolved. Here we show, in a series of quantitative analyses using fossil leaf characters and biophysical principles, that the delay was causally linked with a 90% drop in atmospheric pCO2 during the Late Palaeozoic era. In contrast to simulations for a typical Early Devonian land plant, possessing few stomata on leafless stems, those for a planate leaf with the same stomatal characteristics indicate that it would have suffered lethal overheating, because of greater interception of solar energy and low transpiration. When planate leaves first appeared in the Late Devonian and subsequently diversified in the Carboniferous period, they possessed substantially higher stomatal densities. This observation is consistent with the effects of the pCO2 on stomatal development and suggests that the evolution of planate leaves could only have occurred after an increase in stomatal density, allowing higher transpiration rates that were sufficient to maintain cool and viable leaf temperatures.     

Impact of changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the Phanerozoic on stomatal parameters of vascular land plants

A novel and multi-disciplinary subject involving the relationships between changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration throughout the geological history and features of plant anatomy is reviewed. Particular attention will be given to stomatal parameters (stomatal density and stomatal index) which are recorded at a cellular level in fossil plants and the relationships of these observable parameters to earth life history and global environmental change. Trends of atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the Phanerozoic period are briefly introduced and recent conceptual advances in understanding the causal mechanisms for changes in stomatal parameters of land vascular plants are considered. In addition, some of the inherent problems and limitations of this kind of work are discussed and future research directions are presented.     

Multiple transgenes Populus xeuramericana ''''Guariento'''' plants obtained by biolistic bombardment

A JERF36 regulation gene, a selection marker gene (NPT-II), and the foreign genes levansucrase (SacB), Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vgb), and Binary coleopterus insect resistance (BtCry3A OC-I) were co-transferred into Populus xeuramericana 'Guariento' using biolistic bombardment; 25 kanamycin resistant plants were obtained. The results of PCR and Southern hybridization showed that the foreign genes had been integrated into the genome of P. xeuramericana 'Guariento' and 5 genes were all transferred into 7 poplar plants. The results of a BtCry3A ELISA experiment indicated that the BtCry3A gene was expressed in the 7 transgenic poplar plants, and these plants grew well on coastal saline land.