F,Cl原子与臭氧和甲烷反应机理和反应动力学的理论研究

用量子化学从关计算UMP2（full)方法研究F和Cl原子与甲烷分子和臭氧之间的反应机理，优化了反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的几何构型，在Gaussian-3(G3)和G3MP2水平计算了它们的能量，研究结果表明：F原子与Cl原子一样与臭氧之间有很强的反应活性，而F原子与甲烷分子反应过程中有氢键生成，键能为3.71KJ/MOL，F原子与甲烷分子之间反应活性比与臭氧分子之间反应活性强。F原子易与甲烷分子生成含有氢键的化合物，且很快分解生成化学性质非常稳定的HF，能同F O3反应竞争，而CL原子甲烷分子反应过程中则无氢键生成现象，且在CL原子与臭氧和甲烷之间竞争反应时，CL原子与臭氧之间反应优先，同时我们还对F和CL原子与甲烷分子臭氧之间反应动力学速率常数进行了计算，我们的理论计算结果能合理地解释大气中CL原子是损耗臭氧的主要化学物质，而活性更强的F原子为什么对臭氧损耗较小的原因。     

F原子与臭氧和甲烷反应机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学从头计算G3和G3MP2方法研究F原子与臭氧和甲烷的反应机理。优化了反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的几何构型,研究结果表明,F原子与臭氧之间有很强的反应活性,但F原子与甲烷之间的反应活性更强,通过比较,当F原子与臭氧和甲烷竞争反应时,F原子与甲烷之间反应优先,并合理解释了大气中Cl原子是损耗臭氧的主要化学物质,而活性更强的F原子对臭氧损耗较小的原因是F原子被甲烷消耗了。     

H原子与SiFn(n=1～4)反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论（DFT）B3LYP方法,在6-311G（2d,2p）基组下,研究了H原子与SiFn（n=1～4）的反应历程．通过振动频率和内察反应坐标（IRC）分析,对过渡态进行了确认．在QCISD／6-311G（2d,2p）水平上进行了单点能计算,并进行了零点能校正．结果表明：在单重态下H原子倾向于添加到Si原子上,而二重态和三重态下H原子倾向于夺取F原子．在H原子一步步夺取F原子的反应过程中,主要产物为SiHF3,Si原子在副反应中生成．由于副反应能垒较高,在真实体系中生成Si原子很困难,由此我们推断实际反应中加入的衬底起到了关键作用．     

F2＋2HCl=2HF＋C12反应机理的密度泛函理论（DFT）研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法，在6-3l1G^**基组下，计算研究了反应F2 2HCl=2HF Cl2的机理。求得各可能反应途径的系列过渡态，并通过振动分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析加以证实。比较反应能垒(理论计算活化能)发现，题称反应若以分子与分子作用机理进行，则需克服的最大能垒为l50．63kJ／mol；若以F2分子先裂解为F原子再反应的机理进行，则需越过能垒154．82kJ／mol。求得反应F HCl→HF Cl的线形和三角形两种过渡态，以三角形较稳定；求得反应HCl Cl→H Cl2的两种过渡态，以线形较稳定。     

Cl原子与HNCO反应机理的量子化学分析

采用MP2(Full),B3LYP,QCISD/MP2方法在6-311G(d,p)水平上对Cl原子与HNCO反应的微观机理进行了理论研究.采用MP2(Full)和B3LYP对反应位能面上的各驻点进行几何构型的全优化,振动分析和IRC计算证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性和相互连接关系.3种方法计算得到了几个反应通道的反应活化能.研究表明,Cl原子进攻HNCO中的H原子为反应的主要反应通道.     

硝基甲烷正、负带电离子氢转移反应位垒的计算研究

采用DFT（UB3LYP）方法,在6—311＋＋G^＊＊基组水平上,计算研究了硝基甲烷2种带电结构[CH3NO2]^＋和[CH3NO2]^-分子内H原子向O原子转移后的O-N键的解离机理和反应位垒．结果表明,[CH3NO2]^＋发生氢转移后,O-N键的断裂是2步反应,第一步是分子内的H原子转移到O原子上,生成中间体[CH2N（OH）O]^＋,反应位垒为106．5kJ／mol;第二步是中间体中O-N键断裂,这步的反应位垒为105．5kJ／mol,理论计算得出的产物带电状态与实验一致．[CH3NO2]^-中H原子向O原子转移及O-N键断裂反应一步完成,生成一氢键复合物（H-Complex）,该反应位垒为176．2kJ／mol,H—Complex进一步解离成CH2NO自由基和OH^-,或是OH自由基和[CH2NO]^-．     

DFT研究大气环境中HCNO与Cl反应的产物通道

用密度泛函理论研究了大气环境中Cl与雷酸(HCNO)分子反应的机理.在6-311++G**和6-311G**基组水平上,优化得到了反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型;在B3LYP/6-311++G**优化的构型基础上,利用CCSD(T)/6-311++G**方法对各驻点的单点能量进行校正;通过振动分析对过渡态和中间体构型进行了确认.计算结果表明:Cl与HCNO分子的反应通过Cl对HCNO分子中O或C原子进攻的多步反应得到了三种产物.其中,Cl加成到HCNO分子中O原子上消去OCl基团的反应是主反应通道,P1(HCN+OCl)为主要产物.     

基于第一性原理的氯盐环境下混凝土中钢筋锈蚀特性分析

为了阐明氯盐环境对混凝土中钢筋锈蚀反应的影响机理,采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)中的第一性原理,运用CASTEP软件包建立了O2分子与Cl原子在Fe(100)表面的吸附模型,研究了Cl原子的存在对O2分子吸附于Fe(100)表面的吸附能、几何结构和表面电子特性的影响.结果表明,Cl原子的存在会增大O2分子与Fe(100)表面之间的吸附能和O2分子键长,减小O原子之间共价键,从而促使O2分子向基底表面靠近,并使得铁基底更容易失去电子,同时增大了Fe原子层向O原子的电子转移量.因此,Cl原子的存在会导致O2分子与基底Fe原子的相互作用增强,从而促进了O2分子的裂解以及基底表面原子间的成键,进而从微观尺度上证明了氯盐环境会显著促进混凝土中钢筋锈蚀氧化反应.     

Cl+CH3I反应的微观机理的理论研究

利用从头算方法,对多通道反应体系Cl+CH3I的反应机理进行了理论研究.在MP2/3-21G**水平下,优化了反应物、络合物、生成物和过渡态的几何构型,并对得到的平衡几何构型进行了篱谐振动频率分析.在相同水平下以过渡态为出发点,通过内禀反应坐标理论,计算了反应的最小能量路径.并且在QCISD(T)/MIDIX高水平下进行了单点能量校正,对反应分子静电势拓扑图及各反应通道反应能垒进行了分析.结果表明:该反应存在4条可行的反应通道,其中氢提取反应通道生成HCl和CH2I为主反应通道,其他反应通道为次反应通道;CH3I中的H原子被Cl原子取代后,使碳氢键变得更为活泼.     

F2+2HCl=2HF+Cl2反应机理的密度泛函理论（DFT）研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP 方法,在6-311G 基组下,计算研究了反应 F_2 2HCl=2HF Cl_2的机理。求得各可能反应途径的系列过渡态,并通过振动分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析加以证实。比较反应能垒(理论计算活化能)发现,题称反应若以分子与分子作用机理进行,则需克服的最大能垒为150.63kJ/mol;若以 F2分子先裂解为 F 原子再反应的机理进行,则需越过能垒154.82 kJ/mol。求得反应 F HCl→HF Cl 的线形和三角形两种过渡态,以三角形较稳定;求得反应 HCl Cl→H Cl_2的两种过渡态,以线形较稳定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has