压印工作台的纳米级自找准定位研究

针对分步压印光刻工艺超高精度的对准要求 ,论述了一套由光栅、驱动器及激光干涉仪构成的闭环超高精度自对准定位系统 ,为了消除外界干扰引起的激光干扰仪误差对整个系统精度的影响 ,系统采用粗精两组光栅和相应两组光强传感器来实现工作台三维位置度的检测 .驱动环节采用宏微两级 ,相对于粗精两组光栅检测进行驱动 ,实现了分步式压印光刻的多点定位找准和多层压印的对准要求 ,为提高在驱动过程中的定位精度和抗干扰能力 ,系统采用了精确模型匹配 (EMM )算法 ,最终实现了在压印光刻工艺中 ,步进精度小于10mm ,多层压印重复对准精度小于 2 …     

压印光刻中高精度莫尔对准方法的研究

针对分步压印光刻工艺中多层套刻的高精度对准问题,提出一种应用斜纹结构光栅副实现x、y、θ三自由度自动对准的方法.光栅副分为4个区域,应用光电转换器阵列检测光栅副相对移动所引起的莫尔信号变化,通过电路系统处理可同时得到在平面x、y、θ三自由度的对准信号.驱动环节采用直线电机和压电驱动器作为宏微两级驱动,其分辨率分别为0.2μm和0.1nm,在激光干涉仪全程监测下,与控制系统一起构成闭环系统实现自动对准定位.实验结果表明,在多层压印光刻工艺中,实现了压印工作台步进精度小于10nm的高精度定位要求,使整个对准系统的套刻精度小于30nm.因此,应用这种莫尔对准方法可以获得较高的对准精度,同时能够满足压印100nm特征尺寸套刻精度的要求.     

多层冷压印光刻中超高精度对正的研究

为满足多层冷压印光刻中套刻的超高精度要求,提出了基于斜纹结构光栅的对正技术.利用光电接收器件阵列组合接收光栅产生莫尔条纹的零级光,得到条纹平面内X、Y方向的对正误差信号.通过调整光栅副的间隙来提高误差信号的对比度.利用高对比度和灵敏度的误差信号作为控制系统的驱动信号,对承片台进行宏微两级驱动控制,并由激光干涉仪作为控制系统的反馈环节在驱动过程中进行全程监测,实现自动对正.最终使在X、Y方向上的重复对正精度达到了±20nm,满足了100nm特征尺寸压印光刻的对正精度要求.     

压印光刻中模具空间位姿的识别及仿真

在纳米压印光刻中,为了减小模具与晶片的平行度误差,将精对正光栅标记的相对误差校正到半栅距范围之内,并建立了点光源映射的数学模型,对模具空间位姿的投影进行图像识别.在算法设计的基础上,建立了纳米压印光刻系统中的粗对正系统及其控制流程,通过仿真计算,可以将模型的转角计算精度控制在10-6rad以下,位置偏移量计算精度控制在1 nm以下,所建立的粗对正系统的检测精度可达到1μm以下,因此满足了压印光刻中下一步精对正系统的要求.     

用于高密度母盘刻录的二级定位方法

为了满足高密度母盘刻录的需要,对母盘刻录中的二级定位(two-stagepositioning)方法进行了研究,采用了直流电机驱动粗定位和压电陶瓷微型驱动精定位相结合的方式。使用双频激光干涉仪检测精定位工作台的位置,并引入比例增益K估计精定位工作台的位移增量,以估算粗定位工作台位置。对二级定位系统的PID控制方式进行了研究,合理选择了控制参数。仿真实验结果表明,PID控制下的二级定位系统对于10nm的阶跃响应的上升时间为20ms,稳态误差绝对值小于0.1nm,可见采用该二级定位方法的系统有快速的定位响应和很高的定位精度,可以满足高密度母盘刻录的需要。     

纳米压印光刻中的多步定位研究

在步进重复式压印光刻中，为了避免承片台支撑绞链结构间隙及微观姿态调整往返运动导致的表面材料不规则形变，建立了单调、无振荡、多步逼近目标位置的宏微两级驱动系统，并提出了径向基函数一比例、积分、微分（RBF-PID）及单调位置控制算法．控制结果证明，使用具有强鲁棒性的RBF-PID非线性控制模式，使得驱动过程呈现无超调、无振荡的单调过程，因此避免了由于系统微观振荡调节而引入的间隙误差和材料表面形变误差．此控制方式可使步进重复式压印系统的定位精唐左满足100mm行程驱动的前提下，达到小干10nm的定位枝术指标．     

基于透反式二维绝对零位光栅的光刻对准技术

在二维零位光栅原理的基础上提出了一种透反式二维零位光栅系统,从理论上分析了系统的可行性,并进行了对准性能的试验.实验数据表明透反式光栅系统比一般的光刻对准技术的对比度更强,判别零位的性能更好.该系统作为一种新型的掩模-硅片对准技术,应用于光刻机中可获得优于20 nm的定位对准精度.     

压印光刻对准中阻蚀胶层的设计及优化

针对高速旋涂造成标记区阻蚀胶薄膜覆盖不对称和压印曝光造成标记区薄膜聚合的问题，利用压印光刻压印曝光固化脱模的工艺原理，提出了用压印预处理标记表面薄膜来优化阻蚀胶层厚度和形貌的工艺方法．该方法采用下压力约束薄膜，使阻蚀胶在标记区的栅格间重新分布，从而削弱了覆盖膜的不对称性，获得了相应的薄膜厚度．采用旋涂厚度为1．1μm的覆盖膜对压印预处理工艺方法进行了试验，发现下压力大于0．48MPa时，薄膜结构具有较好的对称性，下压力为1．12MPa时，对准信号的对比度达到最大．试验结果表明，压印预处理对于压印光刻系统具有较好的工艺适应性，利用该方法优化标记区的阻蚀胶层不仅能够有效削弱覆盖膜不对称和压印曝光的影响，而且对准精度可满足100nm压印光刻的要求．     

用于大尺寸测量的无长导轨激光光纤干涉仪

介绍了一种用于大尺寸，无长导轨干涉测量系统．该系统由两种干涉仪构成．半导体激光光纤干涉仪用于定位，Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光干涉仪用于测量光程差．文中还就提高定位精度，采用脉冲电流调制方法调制半导激光器作了介绍．实验中，采用１００ｍｍ导轨，测量距离为８００ｍｍ，测量误差为±２μｍ．     

超高精度定位系统及线性补偿研究

依据一个带有宏定位和微定位的超高精度定位系统设计，应用弹性力学理论进行精定位台的静、动参数的分析和估算，确定了系统的自然频率，并由此设计出双伺服环的控制系统。控制系统由2根循环滚珠丝杠构成宏定位，3个压电驱动器构成微定位。在系统软件中，采用Chebyshev数字滤波器进行去噪，使整个定位系统控制在200mm的行程中，其定位精度达到了8nm。对于由压电驱动器（PZT）的迟滞和非线性特性而产生的系统重复运动误差，系统采用EMM（Exact Model Matching)控制策略，最终实现正向和反向运行的误差量比补偿前降低5倍以上，使得正反向运动几乎落在同一曲线内，实现了对压印光刻工艺集成电路制造中的高精度定位要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that