应用锆石研究铀成矿流体的地球化学特征:以粤北棉花坑铀矿床为例

铀矿中锆石富集Li、P、Ti、Nb、Hf、U、Th、Ta、Y、Rare earth elements(REE)等微量元素,Th/U比值较低,在以大陆上地壳为标准化的模式图上呈现明显的重稀土富集、Ce、Y正异常和Eu负异常的特征。根据锆石/热液间微量元素的分配系数估算了成矿流体的微量元素质量分数。铀成矿流体具有富U,低Th/U比值,高稀土元素质量分数,轻、重稀土分异不明显,显著的Ce、Eu负异常和Y正异常,低Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值等特征。成矿流体主要来源于岩浆期后热液,并得到流体/岩石反应的改造,流体上升减压导致流体沸腾、气体溢出、碱性增高和还原环境,最终导致铀矿物的沉淀和铀矿床的形成。     

缝洞充填物地球化学特征及环境指示意义——以塔里木盆地富满地区中奥陶统一间房组为例

为了明确塔里木盆地富满油田奥陶系一间房组缝洞充填物所蕴藏的环境信息,对富满地区中奥陶统一间房组缝洞充填物微量元素测试,并对所测稀土元素进行北美页岩标准化。结果表明稀土元素标准化曲线整体呈右倾趋势,Ce呈弱亏损,Eu显示强烈正异常。Sr、Al和Ti元素显示缝洞充填物受陆源碎屑物质扰动影响,Sr/Ba整体偏低且均小于1,推断缝洞充填物来源于淡水环境,Fe/Ti、 Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、Cu+Pb+Zn及Fe+Mn/Ti值表明缝洞充填物受热液活动影响较小,U/Th、Ni/Co和V/Cr比值推测缝洞充填物形成于氧化环境下。综合研究表明,富满地区中奥陶统一间房组缝洞充填物主要形成于氧化条件下的大气淡水环境,主要受陆源物质扰动且受深部热液影响较少。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿夕卡岩特征及成因意义

甲玛铜多金属矿为西藏冈底斯成矿带中段的超大型矿床.通过研究矿床夕卡岩岩石学特征、岩石化学特征、稀土元素和微量元素地球化学特征,显示夕卡岩主要受早白垩世林布宗组角岩、板岩和晚侏罗世多底沟组大理岩之间的层间构造带所控制,主要呈层状、似层状产出,夕卡岩由上至下具有夕卡岩角岩-石榴子石夕卡岩-硅灰石夕卡岩-夕卡岩化大理岩的分带...     

南羌塘坳陷早侏罗系曲色组下部泥岩地球化学特征及意义

以南羌塘坳陷早侏罗系曲色组下部的泥岩为研究对象,对其进行地球化学的研究。微量元素分析结果表明,曲色组泥岩沉积有较多的陆源物质,且Cr/Zr、Th/Sc、Th/U、Rb/Sr的值反映了泥岩物源区具有浅源、长英质、风化较严重的特点。稀土元素特征表明泥岩重稀土较轻稀土元素富集,具有轻微的Ce与Eu的负异常。通过Ceanom、V/(Ni+V)与CIA的值判断泥岩沉积时处于缺氧的沉积环境,且当时处于温暖潮湿的气候。通过La-Th-Sc和Th-Co-Zr/10物源区构造判别图,再结合La/Th的值与Hf的含量,判断曲色组泥岩的物源区构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,且兼具大陆边缘构造的特征。     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of tuff at the bottom of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation,Zunyi, South China

A SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology study of the tuff at the bottom of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation at Songlin, Zunyi, South China yielded a mean ^206Pb/^238U age of 518±5 Ma. It is significantly younger than the Re-Os ages of 537--542 Ma for the overlying polymetallic Ni-Mo-PGE-rich layer in the basal Niutitang Formation at Songlin, suggesting that the Re-Os ages might represent that of the original magma chamber for the Ni-Mo-PGE-rich layer rather than the formation age of the strata. The intra-basinal stratigraphic correlation also implies that the absolute age of the Chengjiang biota should be younger than 518±5 Ma. Our new result, together with the SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age for the K-bentonite in the Zhongyicun member of the Zhujiaqing Formation at the Meishucun section, Yunnan Province, provides a temporal constraint for the Lower Cambrian of the Yangtze Platform in South China.     

小佟家堡子金矿床微量稀土元素特征

为进一步探讨小佟家堡子金矿床成矿物质来源及印支-燕山期岩浆活动对其成矿作用的影响,对该矿床岩矿石进行微量稀土元素的测试和特征分析.微量稀土元素特征显示,与矿体相比,盖县组片岩、大石桥组大理岩显示出相似的微量元素变化趋势以及稀土配分模式,印支期花岗岩仅在P,Zr,Hf等微量元素上出现较大反差,吕梁期-燕山期岩浆岩体在稀土配分模式上只有Er明显亏损,反映金成矿与地层和岩浆岩关系密切;稀土元素特征显示成矿热液为富Cl^-的还原性流体,成矿物质来源和成矿流体来源具有复杂性,吕梁期和燕山期花岗岩与盖县组片岩和大石桥组大理岩均为该矿体的形成提供了成矿物质,且深部成矿物质也参与成矿,矿床类型为岩浆热液叠加型金矿床.     

Early Cambrian eodiscoid trilobites of the Yangtze Platform and their stratigraphic implications

Analysis of the taxonomy and stratigraphic distribution of the Early Cambrian eodiscoid trilobites of the Yangtze Platform indicates that species of Tsunyidiscus and Hupeidiscus can be used for biostratigraphic correlation. T. aclis occurs only in the lower Qiongzhusian, T. armatus occurs in the lower and middle Qiongzhusian, while T. niutitangensis and T. tingi occur mainly in the middle and upper Qiongzhusian, with only T. tingi extending upward into the lower Canglangpuian. H. orientalis first appears in the upper Qiongzhusian, reaching peak abundance in the lower Canglangpuian and becoming extinct above the Drepanuroides Zone. Biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic correlations indicate that the limestone in the lower part of the Mingxinsi Formation, the Upper Member of Jiumenchong Formation, and the upper part of the Middle Member of the Huangbailing Formation, can be correlated with each other as Hupediscus, an index fossil of the lower Canglangpuian, is abundant in all these units. The lower part of the Niutitang and Jiumenchong formations in eastern Guizhou, which mainly represent Qiongzhusian strata, can be correlated with the Lower Member of the Huangbailing Formation. The basal part of the Niutitang Formation, which may be equivalent to the Upper Meishucunian Shiyantou Formation in eastern Yunnan, is very condensed. Well-preserved sponge faunas and non-mineralized fossils in the lower part of the Niutitang and Hetang formations are not older than Qiongzhusian in age.     

一种求解服务选取问题的混合蚁群算法

摘 要：为解决大规模服务选取问题,本文提出了一种混合蚁群算法（HACO）。该算法先采用动态skyline服务查询过程过滤抽象服务类相关的冗余候选服务,以大力缩减空间提高查找效率,然后利用聚类设计动态构造图来引导蚂蚁的搜索方向,从而确定局部服务选取的搜索区域;基于已经确定的局部服务选取的搜索区域,利用启发式策略选取具体的组合服务。我们采用标准的真实数据集和综合产生的数据集对我们的方法进行试验评估,以及和最近提出的相关组合服务算法进行对比。实验结果在解的质量和处理时间方面效果显著     

煤中环境敏感性痕量元素的挥发性研究

对我国西北部4个电厂原煤在实验室不同温度下进行燃烧实验,应用原子吸收光谱（AAS）、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）和仪器中子活化（INAA）等方法对煤和灰样中舡,Pb,Hk,Cd,Co,Se,Mn,U,Th,Be,Mo,Sb,Br和V等14种环境敏感性痕量元素的质量分数进行了测定,通过对比痕量元素在煤与灰样中质量分数的差异以及不同温度下痕量元素的挥发率,研究了在实验室不同温度下痕量元素的转化、分配规律,结合元素的赋存状态和物理化学特性,揭示了影响痕量元素燃烧迁移、分配规律的主要因素．     

Discovery of hydrothermal venting community at the base of Cambrian barite in Guizhou Province, Western China: Implication for the Cambrian biological explosion

The barite deposit in the Niutitang Formation of Lower Cambrian, in Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province, western China, is a superlarge barite deposit with about 2 × 10^9 tons of reserves. Mineral, petrological and geochemical studies reveal that this barite deposit belongs to a hydrothermal sedimentary deposit. Microscopic observations indicate that a lot of algae, sponge spicules and tube-type fossils are well-preserved in this barite section, and moreover, those fossils share most characteristics of the deep-sea hydrothermal venting community in the modern Pacific. We suggest that the hydrothermal venting community was thriving in hydrothermal vent in early Cambrian, and it is of great significance for elucidating the geological background of the ＂Cambrian explosion＂.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating for volcanic rocks of the Dasi Formation in southeast Hubei Province, middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its implications

The Jinniu Basin in southeast Hubei,located at the westernmost part of middle-lower val-ley of the Yangtze River,is one of the important vol-canic basins in East China. Volcanic rocks in the Jin-niu Basin are distributed mainly in the Majiashan Formation,the Lingxiang Formation and the Dasi Formation,consisting of rhyolite,basalt and basaltic andesite,(trachy)-basalt and basaltic trachy-andesite and (trachy)-andesite and (trachy)-dacite and rhyolite respectively,in which the Dasi volcanism is volumet-rically dominant and widespread. The Dasi volcanic rocks were selected for SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating to confirm the timing of volcanism. The results indi-cate that there exist a large amount of magmatic zir-cons characterized by high U and Th contents in the volcanic rocks. The concordia ages for 13 points are 128 ± 1Ma (MSWD = 3.0). On account of the shape of zircons and Th/U ratios,this age is considered to represent the crystallization time of the Dasi volcan-ism. The volcanic rocks in the Dasi,Majiashan and Lingxiang Formations share similar trace elementand REE partition patterns as well as Sr-Nd isotopic compositions. In combination with the regional geol-ogy,it is proposed that the southeast Hubei volcanic rocks were formed mainly during the Early Creta-ceous,just like other volcanic basins in middle-lower Yangtze valley. A lithospheric extension is also sug-gested for tectonic regime in this region in the Cre-taceous Period.     

上湾电厂有害痕量元素的迁移释放行为研究

应用原子荧光光谱（AFS）和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）对我国西北部上湾电厂的原煤、底灰以及飞灰中Hg，As，Se，Pb，Cr，CA，Mo，Ni，Co，U和Th等11种有害痕量元素的含量进行了测定．根据燃煤过程中底灰和飞灰的产率，结合痕量元素在底灰和飞灰中的含量计算了电厂燃煤过程中痕量元素的挥发性．在实验室内通过对底灰和飞灰在酸性介质下的淋滤实验，研究了底灰和飞灰中痕量元素在60h内4个时间段的迁移释放行为．根据痕量元素的挥发和淋滤释放特性建立了元素的释放分配模型，研究结果表明，煤燃烧过程中痕量元素的挥发是导致环境污染的主要因素．     

Discovery of sponge body fossils from the late Meishucunian (Cambrian) at Jinsha, Guizhou, south China

Here we report discovery of a sponge body fossil Triticispongia sp. from the base of lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation at Jinsha, Guizhou. Stratigraphically, the fossil horizon is located below Ni-Mo ore layer with the Niutitang Biota above, and is equivalent to the late Meishucunian. The species is global in shape with skeletons composed of stauractins and monaxons. Triticispongia sp. reported here may be the earliest sponge body fossils of Cambrian, which provides new information for understanding early evolution and radiation of sponge animals.     

浙江省衢州市上方镇大理岩矿床矿物学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

衢州市上方镇位于钦杭结合带东段,是中国著名的重钙用大理岩产区,区内大理岩矿床均赋存于石炭系黄龙组碳酸盐岩地层.在野外地质调查的基础上,对上方镇大理岩矿床的碳酸盐岩进行了详细的岩相学、矿物学和地球化学研究.研究结果表明,上方大理岩矿床矿石主要为大理岩和大理岩化灰岩,具粒状变晶结构,大理岩方解石结晶较好,颗粒较大且规则,含杂质较少,大理岩化灰岩则含较多杂质,其方解石结晶较差,颗粒不规则且有溶蚀交代现象.地球化学特征显示两类碳酸盐岩化学组成相似,大离子亲石元素(Sr、Ba等)和高场强元素(Nb、Zr、U、Hf、Th等)明显富集,而Ti明显亏损.K2O/Na2O、100×MgO/Al2O3、Ga、Ba、Sr和U/Th等指标暗示碳酸盐岩原岩为沉积型碳酸盐岩,且沉积环境为受陆源碎屑物质影响较少的浅海海相沉积,显示为较强的贫氧-缺氧的还原环境特征.     

宁夏长城塬全新世黄土土壤剖面微量元素动态与成壤变化

通过野外考察,在泾河上游的宁夏长城塬面发现完整典型的全新世黄土土壤剖面.在详细观察分析的基础上,进行了土壤地层划分和系统采样.利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪测定分析了V、Co、Ga、As、Y、Nb、La、Ce、Th、U等10种微量元素的含量,揭示了宁夏长城塬全新世黄土土壤剖面微量元素含量变化与成壤变化之间的关系,结果表明:微量元素V、Ga、As、Y、Nb在古土壤(S0)中富集,微量元素Th和U在过渡层中淋溶,而V和As在过渡层中富集.     

攀枝花地区昔格达组土壤中微量元素地球化学分异特征

昔格达组在攀枝花地区分布广泛,并成为该区居民的主要集散地和工农业活动区.对昔格达组粘土中微量元素的空间分布及分异特征研究的结果表明:(1)土壤的粒度、矿物组成及成土作用是影响土壤中微量元素浓度的重要条件;(2)人类工矿开发活动是制约土壤中微量元素区域分布形式的重要因素;(3)土壤在不同层位的分异及组合特征既与成土母质有关,也受人为活动的影响.     

Trace element signature of subduction-zone fluids, melts and supercritical liquids at 120-180 km depth

Fluids and melts liberated from subducting oceanic crust recycle lithophile elements back into the mantle wedge, facilitate melting and ultimately lead to prolific subduction-zone arc volcanism. The nature and composition of the mobile phases generated in the subducting slab at high pressures have, however, remained largely unknown. Here we report direct LA-ICPMS measurements of the composition of fluids and melts equilibrated with a basaltic eclogite at pressures equivalent to depths in the Earth of 120-180 km and temperatures of 700-1,200 degrees C. The resultant liquid/mineral partition coefficients constrain the recycling rates of key elements. The dichotomy of dehydration versus melting at 120 km depth is expressed through contrasting behaviour of many trace elements (U/Th, Sr, Ba, Be and the light rare-earth elements). At pressures equivalent to 180 km depth, however, a supercritical liquid with melt-like solubilities for the investigated trace elements is observed, even at low temperatures. This mobilizes most of the key trace elements (except the heavy rare-earth elements, Y and Sc) and thus limits fluid-phase transfer of geochemical signatures in subduction zones to pressures less than 6 GPa.     

四川盆地及周缘地区牛蹄塘组页岩气概况及前景评价

探讨四川盆地及周缘地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩的基础地质概况,并对牛蹄塘组页岩气前景进行评价。通过野外露头和盆地内的钻井资料分析,结果表明牛蹄塘组页岩除川西有剥蚀外,其他地区都有分布,且黑色页岩段厚度大,主要集中在下段;由川中地区向北、向东和向南3个方向分布,厚度一般在40m以上;有机碳含量高,多数地区有机碳的质量分数>2%;页岩已达成熟晚期—过成熟早期。该套页岩埋藏较深,演化时间长,保存条件复杂,因此勘探开发均有难度。四川盆地的西部、北部和东部,牛蹄塘组页岩埋深超过7km,只能作为页岩气勘探潜力区;勘探最有利的地区是川南地区,其次有利的地区为鄂西渝东地区。     

滇东北麻栗坪铅锌矿床石英原位微量元素特征及其地质意义

麻栗坪大型铅锌矿床(～6.0 Mt@13.4%Pb+Zn)赋存于下寒武统梅树村组硅质白云岩中，是滇东北铅锌成矿带的代表性矿床之一.石英是麻栗坪矿床主要的脉石矿物，其形成贯穿整个成矿期.详细的矿物学研究表明，麻栗坪矿床发育3期石英.Ⅰ期石英呈细粒半自形，与细粒黄铁矿、闪锌矿共生，Ⅱ期石英呈中-粗粒半自形，与粗粒闪锌矿、方铅矿共生，Ⅲ期石英较纯.总体上，Ⅰ期至Ⅲ期石英的阴极发光(Cathodoluminescene,CL)强度先增大后减小，与Al、Ge、Li、Na、K含量呈协同变化趋势，暗示微量元素对CL强度的控制作用.元素含量相关性研究显示，微量元素主要以单原子替代(Ge⁴⁺→Si⁴⁺)和补偿替代(Al³⁺+Li⁺/Na⁺/K⁺→Si⁴⁺)方式进入石英晶格.麻栗坪矿床石英中Ti含量极低，而Al含量变化范围较大，与岩浆热液矿床显著不同，显示其具有低温热液矿床的特点.Ⅰ期至Ⅲ期石英中Al含量呈先升高后降低的总体趋势，反映Al溶解度先增大后减...