烃源岩排烃门限在生排油气作用中的应用

对于烃源岩的判别标准,目前仍广泛存在争议。主张以排烃门限的概念来确定有效排烃源岩、研究有效排烃源岩的生排烃量及其生排烃特征,以此来综合认识烃源岩的排烃历史和排烃过程。在研究过程中,首先根据烃源岩排烃品质评价图版判别排烃源岩,其次,根据排烃模型定量研究源岩的排烃特征。冀东探区高柳构造带古近系沙河街组三段（Es3）烃源岩的实例研究表明,其排烃门限深度对应的Ro 为0.78%。只有进入该排烃门限的烃源岩才能大量排烃,随热演化程度的增大,源岩排烃率和排烃效率逐渐增大。高柳构造带沙三段烃源岩的最大排烃强度超过450.00×104 t/km2,平均排烃强度为315.67×104 t/km2,排烃量总计9.47×108 t,排烃高峰时期是馆陶期,油气资源量可达到2.08×108 t。     

甘肃北山地区同位素定年与构造岩浆热事件

在面积约100000Km~2的甘肃北山地区,共搜集同位素年龄数据216个,其中22个是本次测定的。依据这些资料做了年龄频谱图和地质环境一岩浆热事件综合示意图,从这些结果中可以得出以下看法:1.哈萨克斯坦板块的东端前寒武纪褶皱基底以微大陆的形式延入了本区,即本区有两大构造单元—塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块。2.虽然有30多属燕山期的表现年龄,但从年龄频谱的骤然下落和野外复查表明,这些是后期岩脉和矿脉的年龄,而不是大规模岩浆活动的记录,即本区没有燕山期的大规模的岩浆活动。3.从加里东到印支期的每一构造岩浆旋回中,岩浆活动似有滞后现象,甚至延至下一个旋回,很可能这种滞后具有普遍意义。4.在每一构造单元内,大陆边缘区、过渡壳区和海洋区的喷发、侵入及变质作用也不尽相同。海洋区内喷发作用强于侵入和变质作用,而大陆边缘区侵入作用强于变质和喷发作用。     

西昆仑早古生代构造演化及其对塔西南盆地的影响

在板块构造理论基础上，通过区内蛇绿岩、与俯冲有关的岩浆岩及相关沉积等综合研究，对西昆仑早古生代构造演化进行了重建：震旦纪－寒武纪西昆仑从塔里木大陆分裂出去，并在它们之间形成“昆仑洋”；寒武纪－奥陶纪“昆仑洋”洋壳向南俯冲于西仑之下，形成库地俯冲带、库地弧前盆地、西昆仑早古生代火山弧及麻扎－黑卡弧后盆地；志留纪－早泥盆世，“昆仑洋”消失，西昆仑早古生代火山弧与塔里木大陆碰撞，并形成塔里木前陆冲断带和泥盆纪前陆盆地磨拉石及塔里木大陆内泥盆纪的“红层相”     

塔里木盆地西南缘的构造演化与岩石组合

塔里木盆地西南缘可划分为３ 个地层区和２ 个缝合带。该区自震旦纪来经历了两大构造旋回,发育３ 种类型的岩石组合。库地缝合带是库地洋经历了一次开合的遗迹,分离了西昆仑与塔里木这两个地层区。康西瓦缝合带是康西瓦洋经历了两次开合的遗迹,它分别是塔里木与羌塘两板块和西昆仑与喀喇昆仑两地层区的分界线。     

塔里木-中朝板块北缘的志留纪岛弧公婆泉群火山岩地质地球化学及构造意义

公婆泉群位于北山中部，可分为：北、南两带。南带为弧后盆地玄武岩-安山岩组合，北带为岛弧火山岩组合，西段窑洞努如为火山角砾岩和熔火山角砾岩组合，中段公婆泉一带为玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩-粗面岩组合，东段东七一山地区为玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩组合。岩石组合，地球化学综合分析认为，公婆泉群是中-晚志留世哈萨克斯坦板块俯冲与塔里木-中朝板块的产物。岛弧西段窑洞努如位于近大陆或者在水下陆壳。公婆泉位于近海沟陆壳，而东七一山则远离海沟，是在洋壳的基础上发育的。说明塔里木-中朝板块是一个统一的板块，同时在早古生代存在哈萨克斯坦板块向塔里木-中朝板块的俯冲。     

Tectonic evolution of Tethyan tectonic field, formation of Northern Margin basin and explorative perspective of natural gas in Tarim Basin

 Analyzing the characteristics of the Tethyantectonic field, the authors think that the Tethyan tectonicfield underwent three evolutional stages: closing of Pa-leo-Tethys and rifting of Neo-Tethys from early Permian tolate Triassic, subduction of Neo-Tethys and collision betweenthe Indian plate and the Eurasia plate from Jurassic to earlyof low Tertiary, and collision between the Arab plate and theEurasia plate and the A-type subduction of Indian plate fromlate of low Tertiary to the present. Combining the evolutionof the Tethyan orogenic belt with the characteristics of theNorthern Margin basin, it is suggested that the sedimentaryand tectonic characteristics and types of the Northern Mar-gin basin are controlled by the formation and evolution ofthe Tethyan orogenic belt and the ingression of Tethys. Theevolution of Northern Margin basin can be divided into threedevelopment stages: back-arc foreland basin from late Per-mian to Triassic, the back-arc fault subsidence and depres-sion from Jurassic to the early of low Tertiary, and the reac-tive foreland basin from the late of low Tertiary to the pre-sent. The Northern Margin basin in the Tethyan tectonicfield is an important region for natural gas accumulation,and the Tarim Basin is a part of this region.     

Observation of hydrocarbon generation and migration of highly-matured carbonates by means of laser-induced fluorescence microscopy

Some important information on hydrocarbon generation, inclusion and migration in highly-matured carbonates of lower Palaeozoic age from the Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin hasbeen analyzed by a newly-combined laser-induced fluorescence microscope (LFM) designed by our laboratory. The following information has been obtained from the lower Ordovician lamellar carbonates with equivalent vitrinite reflectance (Ro) as high as 1.6%-1.7% and residual TOC of 0.14%-0.35% from the Ordos Basin: wide occurrences of oil and source macerals with strong fluorescence, including G. Prisca alginite, lamalginite, telalginite and algae-detrinite; fluorescing asphalt among mineral crystals; some groundmass and spheroid-like reservoir bitumen with high maturation levels in the pores of dolomites. Various kinds of fluorescing organic inclusions and asphalt have been found in the carbonates, calcareous shales and silt-shales with high maturation levels from the Cambrian-Ordovician strata in the Tarim Basin. All this helps us find and evaluate significant and excellent source rocks for large-and middle-scale gas fields. The net and micro-net systems for hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and migration in carbonates have been revealed by the highly-powered laser-induced fluorescence microscopy.     

鄂尔多斯地区古生界生烃史和排烃史的模拟

利用盆地模拟方法对鄂尔多斯地区古生界的生烃史和排烃史进行了模拟研究．结果表明，该区上古生界烃源岩处于高成熟阶段，下古生界烃源岩已进入过成熟阶段，这两套烃源岩在地史上都出现过两次生、排烃高峰，上古生界的生、排烃量远大于下古生界．这些结果可用于评价该区的油气远景和认识油气藏的形成过程。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区火山岩识别及其油气成藏意义

 早二叠世末期,塔中地区的火山活动对下伏石炭系油气的形成和演化至关重要.火山活动促进烃源岩的成熟排烃;形成断裂、裂缝等广泛发育的油气疏导体系;形成岩颈刺穿、火山岩脉侧向遮挡等不同类型的油气藏.此外,火山活动还可以对原来形成的油气藏进行改造,从而形成次生油气藏.本文利用钻井资料、测井资料、地震属性、地震反射结构、时间切片等方法,对火山岩的剖面和平面分布进行识别与预测,明确了塔中地区石炭系火山岩在剖面上主要以岩墙岩盖的形式产出,活动强度自西北向东南逐渐减弱,厚度自西北向东南逐步变薄直至尖灭.在此基础上,揭示了石炭系火山岩的油气成藏意义,对塔中地区油气滚动勘探开发具有一定指导意义.     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷依南2气藏类型的判别

依据塔里木盆地库车坳陷依南2气藏的碳同位素、烃源岩热解、储层分析化验、气藏压力、流体包裹体等资料的正、反演综合分析,对该气藏的成因类型进行判别。结果表明:依南2气藏侏罗系阿合组砂岩储层致密化发生在距今约11 Ma,而其烃源岩排烃高峰为距今5 Ma,储层致密化时间早于烃源岩大量排烃时间,为先致密后成藏的深盆气藏;依南2气藏具有气水倒置、相对负压的地质特征,成藏动力机制为气体分子膨胀力作用下的活塞式气驱水充注成藏机制;依南2气藏为早期大规模深盆气藏,晚期遭受调整改造,含气范围受南北断裂带控制。