固定化脂肪酶催化（R，JS）-1-苯乙醇转酯化拆分反应及动力学研究

利用制备的舍Fe304无机磁性复合物FSN固定假单胞茵脂肪酶（Pseudomonas sp Lipase,PSL）,获得具有高活性、高对映体选择性和易分离的固定化酶PSL／FSN．乙酸乙烯酯做酰化试剂,PSL／FSN在正庚烷溶剂中催化（R,S）-1-苯乙醇转酯化拆分反应,40℃反应2h时,（S）-1-苯乙醇对映体过量值eep和（R）-乙酸-1-苯乙酯的对映体过量值eep均为99％,（R,S）-1-苯乙醇的转化率达到理论值。固定化酶PSL／FSN在70℃经2h热处理,其活性和对映选择性没有明显的下降;PSL／FSN重复使用10次,其活性和对映体选择性未出现衰减。基于实验数据,研究了固定化酶催化（R,S）-1-苯乙醇转酯化拆分反应的动力学行为,获得了（R,S）-1-苯乙醇转酯化拆分反应的动力学方程。     

表面活性剂存在下两相体系酶法催化合成蔗糖-6-乙酯

为提高假丝酵母脂肪酶催化合成蔗糖-6-乙酯的催化效率,采用两相体系中加入表面活性剂形成胶束溶液,然后优化假丝酵母脂肪酶催化合成蔗糖-6-乙酯工艺条件.研究表明,与不加表面活性剂的对照组相比,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵存在的实验组,反应的酯化率和蔗糖-6-乙酯选择性均有明显提升.假丝酵母脂肪酶在该体系中催化合成蔗糖-6-乙酯的优化工艺条件为:反应介质为仲丁醇/水,其中水质量分数为60％,表面活性剂的浓度为10 mmol/L,乙酸乙烯酯与蔗糖物质的量比为3∶1,反应pH值9,温度35℃,反应时间4h.在此反应条件下,得到蔗糖乙酯酯化率为71.2％,其中蔗糖-6-乙酯选择性为56.4％.     

固定化脂肪酶催化棉籽油合成生物柴油

对比多种载体固定化脂肪酶的吸附效果,确定了以大孔吸附树脂D101为载体,采用先吸附后交联的方法固定脂肪酶。固定化后脂肪酶的稳定性得到较明显改善,最适反应温度50℃,最适反应pH值为8。确定了固定化脂肪酶催化棉籽油与甲醇转酯化反应合成生物柴油工艺条件,醇油比3∶1,含水量1.25%(V/V),加入质量比(酶量与固定化载体)0.48的固定化酶,反应介质辛烷,在40℃反应24h催化生物柴油的合成,最高转化率可达到65%。     

用壳聚糖修饰的MCM-48固定化脂肪酶拆分（R，S）-1-苯乙醇

研究了涂覆壳聚糖（CS）的介孔分子筛MCM-48固定化假单胞菌脂肪酶（PSL）,及其在（R,S）-1-苯乙醇转酯化拆分反应中的催化性能．结果表明,壳聚糖与MCM-48的质量比为1：10时,用有机相固定化法制备的固定化酶PsL／CS-MCM-48显示了较高的催化活性及对映选择性,且高于游离酶和纯壳聚糖固定化酶PSL/CS．在PSL／CS-MCM-48的催化作用下,1-苯乙醇的转化率（C）达到46．9％,（S）-1-苯乙醇的对映体过量值（ees）达到87．5％,产物（R）-1-乙酸苯乙酯的对映体过量值（eep）大于99％,对映选择性参数（E）为576．同时,PSL／CS-MCM-48对（R,S）-1-苯乙醇催化转酯化拆分具有良好的重复使用性．     

离子液体中酶法合成蔗糖-6-月桂酸单酯的研究

以脂肪酶Lipozyme TLIM为催化剂在离子液体中选择性催化蔗糖和月桂酸乙烯酯合成了蔗糖月桂酸酯。利用单因素试验考察了酶制剂、离子液体种类、温度、原料的摩尔比、酶浓度对产率的影响,得到在离子液体[Bmim]BF4,反应最佳温度为45℃、糖酯最佳摩尔比为1∶4,最佳酶浓度为60 mg/mL。用TLC、HPLC、MS和NMR等手段对蔗糖-6-月桂酸单酯进行了表征。     

利用脂肪酶Novozym 435催化转酯反应对映选择性合成(R)-α-硫辛酸的手性前体

利用商品脂肪酶Novozym 435介导的对映选择性转酯反应催化拆分(R,S)-6-羟基-8-氯辛酸乙酯(ECHO),以合成(R)-α-硫辛酸的手性前体。对酶促拆分反应的条件进行了优化,确定了该酶的最适反应条件:以乙酸乙烯酯为酰基供体,最适反应温度为50°C,以异丙醚为反应介质,酶最适上载量为100g/mol ECHO,可以耐受的底物浓度为1mol/L。在产品的克级制备反应中,6h底物转化率为47%,产物(R)-6-乙酰氧基-8-氯辛酸乙酯的对映体过量值(eep)为90%,时空产率高达471g/(L·d),产品总收率为36.3%。该酶法催化的转酯化反应为(R)-α-硫辛酸的合成提供了一条新的途径。     

硅藻土强化吸附壳聚糖固定化青霉素酰化酶

文中针对壳聚糖颗粒机械强度不够和比表面积不大的缺点,用无机多孔材料硅藻土(celite)在低压下强化吸附壳聚糖,再用戊二醛使其活化,以此为载体通过共价结合固定化青霉素酰化酶。以酶活和回收率为指标,讨论了活化、固定化及酶反应的不同条件对固定化青霉素酰化酶的酶活和回收率的影响。当戊二醛溶液质量分数为5%、pH值为8.5;酶固定化温度为27℃,固定化pH值为7.6,固定化时间为12～18h时,为最佳固定化条件。固定化酶的酶活可达10000mol/s左右,回收率约为40%。固定化酶的储存稳定性和热稳定性好,载体有良好的强度。     

海藻酸钠固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶的制备及其性质研究

在活性炭、明胶等8种固定化载体筛选的基础上研究了以海藻酸钠为载体,戊二醛为交联剂固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶的条件,并对固定化酶的酶学性质及其在催化制备大豆异黄酮活性苷元染料木素中的应用进行了研究。β-葡萄糖苷酶在0.20%戊二醛溶液中交联2 h后再与20 g/L海藻酸钠混合,然后逐滴加到4 g/LCaCl2溶液中,固化1 h后过滤、洗涤得固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶,固定化酶的酶活回收率为83.67%。固定化酶的最适温度、热稳定性、pH值稳定性以及与底物的亲和力都有所提高,最适pH值基本不变。该固定化酶重复使用6次后其活力仍保持90.94%,染料木苷转化率达60.02%。     

离子液体中6-O-(11-十二烯酸)葡萄糖酯的脂肪酶催化合成及其表征

为了探索脂肪酶在离子液体中选择性地催化葡萄糖与11-十二烯酸乙酯的转酯化反应,通过不同脂肪酶在不同离子液体中进行转酯化反应,并用单因素法研究离子液体种类、温度、底物的比例、体系含水量和脂肪酶含量对反应产率的影响,优化反应条件。反应产物的结构通过红外光谱、高效液相色谱、质谱和核磁共振等表征。结果表明:脂肪酶Novozym-435在离子液体1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐[BMIM][BF4]中,当反应温度为55℃、酶浓度20mg/mL、葡萄糖/11-十二烯酸乙酯的摩尔比1∶2、体系的水含量为2%时,获得糖酯的产率最高,Novozym-435可以重复使用7次。脂肪酶Novozym-435在离子液体[BMIM][BF4]中选择性转酯化反应的产物为6-O-(11-十二烯酸)葡萄糖单酯。     

固定化谷氨酸脱羧酶转化γ-氨基丁酸的研究

研究卡拉胶制备固定化谷氨酸脱羧酶及转化γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的最适条件.以本实验室研发的诱导剂对构建的表达谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)的基因工程菌进行诱导,并利用卡拉胶对获得的粗酶液进行包埋制备固定化酶,对影响GAD固定化效果和GABA产量的因素进行研究.最佳固定化条件为卡拉胶浓度1.5%,氯化钾浓度3%,硬化时间2 h;转化GABA的最适条件为反应最适pH为3.8～4.3,最适温度为37℃～43℃,将制得的固定化谷氨酸脱羧酶(IGAD)重复使用7次后,催化活力仍保持在最初值的75%;IGAD在最适底物浓度60 mmol/L下反应时间2 h后谷氨酸转化率达99%,利用IGAD进行连续催化反应,最终GABA摩尔转化率为70.98%,晶体得率为91.90%,晶体纯度94.73%.该法具有较好的操作稳定性和较高的底物转化率,为连续化制备γ-氨基丁酸提供参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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