Protein kinase C phosphorylation of the EGF receptor at a threonine residue close to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane

The receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a 170,000-180,000 molecular weight single-chain glycoprotein of 1,186 amino acids. Its sequence suggests that it has an external EGF-binding domain, formed by the NH2-terminal 621 amino acids, linked to a cytoplasmic region by a single membrane-spanning segment. In the cytoplasmic portion, starting 50 residues from the membrane, there is a 250-residue stretch similar to the catalytic domain of the src gene family of retroviral tyrosine protein kinases, and, indeed, a tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity intrinsic to the receptor is stimulated when EGF is bound. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins, detected in A431 cells following EGF binding, may be important in the mitogenic signal pathway. Tumour promoters such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), counteract this increase, as well as causing loss of a high affinity class of EGF binding sites. The major receptor for TPA has been identified as the serine/threonine-specific Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent diacylglycerol-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C. By substituting for diacylglycerol, TPA stimulates protein kinase C. Protein kinase C phosphorylates purified EGF receptor at specific sites, and this reduces EGF-stimulated tyrosine protein kinase activity. TPA treatment of A431 cells increases serine and threonine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor at the same sites, which suggests that the reduction of EGF receptor kinase activity in TPA-treated cells is a consequence of the receptor's phosphorylation by the kinase. We have attempted to identify these phosphorylation sites and show here that protein kinase C phosphorylates threonine 654 in the human EGF receptor. This threonine is in a very basic sequence nine residues from the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in the region before the protein kinase domain; it is thus in a position to modulate signalling between this internal domain and the external EGF-binding domain.     

Ce（BH4）3和（Gua）Ce（BH4）2催化ε-己内酯聚合性能

合成两个稀土铈硼氢化物Ce(BH4)3和(Gua)Ce(BH4)2(Gua-=(Me3Si)2NC(NC6H11)2-),研究了它们催化ε-己内酯聚合的性能。结果显示,它们都是ε-己内酯开环聚合的有效催化剂,并且所得聚合物的分子量分布在1.40左右。在相同聚合条件下,Ce(BH4)3的催化活性比(Gua)Ce(BH4)2要高。在0℃条件下,Ce(BH4)3催化聚合过程有一定的可控特征。温度对聚合反应有很大的影响,温度越高,Ce(BH4)3的催化活性越高,而聚合物分子量越低。     

Transforming potential of the c-fms proto-oncogene (CSF-1 receptor)

The c-fms proto-oncogene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that is probably identical to the receptor for the macrophage colony stimulating factor, CSF-1. Forty C-terminal amino acids of the normal receptor are replaced by 11 unrelated residues in the feline v-fms oncogene product, deleting a C-terminal tyrosine residue (Tyr969) whose phosphorylation might negatively regulate the receptor kinase activity. We show that the human c-fms gene stimulates growth of mouse NIH 3T3 cells in agar in response to human recombinant CSF-1, indicating that receptor transduction is sufficient to induce a CSF-1 responsive phenotype. Although cells transfected with c-fms genes containing either Tyr969 or Phe969 were not transformed, cotransfection of these genes with CSF-1 complementary DNA induced transformation, with c-fms(Phe969) showing significantly more activity than c-fms(Tyr969). In the absence of CSF-1, chimaeric v-fms/c-fms genes encoding the wild-type c-fms C terminus were poorly transforming, whereas chimaeras bearing Phe969 were as transforming as v-fms. Thus, the Phe969 mutation, although not in itself sufficient to induce transformation, activates the oncogenic potential of c-fms in association with an endogenous ligand or in conjunction with mutations elsewhere in the c-fms gene that confer ligand-independent signals for growth.     

Inducible expression pattern of rice Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene<Emphasis Type="Italic">OsWIP1-2</Emphasis> and its protease inhibitory activity

The WIP1-2 gene was cloned from rice. It be-longs to the Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene family. Northernblot showed that expression of this gene was induced bywounding and jasmonic acid (JA). It indicates that the OsWIPI gene plays an important role in the rice defense sys-tem. The OsWIP1-2 was cloned into pET28a and expressed inE. coli. Its expressed product was purified in the form offusion protein and tested for the inhibitory activities againsttrypsin and chymotrypsin. It was found that the fusion pro-tein could inhibit chymotrypsin, but not trypsin. It was alsofound that the His tag at its C-terminal affected its inhibitoryactivity significantly. The fusion protein with a naturalC-terminal had the inhibitory activity, while no inhibitoryactivity was detected in the fusion protein with a (His)6-tag atits C-terminal. This implies that extra amino acid residues atthe C-terminal of OsWIP1-2 may interfere with its correctfolding. The inhibitory assay indicated that the members ofrice Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene family probably differenti-ated both in their structure and function.     

几个二价稀土金属配合物的催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合反应活性研究

研究了二价稀土金属配合物(η5:η1-C9H6CH2CH2CH2NMe2)2YbII(1),[{η5:η5:η1-(C9H5CH2SiMe2NC4H8)2}EuI2I(μ-Cl)]2[μ-η3:η5:η1:η3:η5:η1-(C9H5CH2SiMe2NC4H8)2].C7H8.(C6H6)0.5(2),and[η5:η1-C9H6CH2SiMe2NC4H8]2YbII(3)催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合活性.探索了催化剂与MMA单体摩尔比、溶剂的极性、温度对MMA聚合反应的影响.     

NHn,NHm~+,NHn~-(n=1,2,3;m=1,2,3,4)体系Gaussian-n和CBS-n方法物理化学性质的理论研究(二)NH_2,NH_2~+,NH_2~-体系

利用系统的理论方法研究ＮＨ２,ＮＨ２＋,ＮＨ２－体系的物理化学性质：解离能,电子亲合势,离化能,质子亲合势,原子化能．这些方法有Ｇａｕｓｓｉａｎ－ｎ：Ｇ１,Ｇ２,Ｇ２（ＭＰ２）以及ＣＢＳ－ｎ：ＣＢＳ－４,ＣＢＳ－ｑ,ＣＢＳ－Ｑ,ＣＢＳ－ＡＰＮＯ．对所得结果及其误差进行比较和分析．     

NH_n,NH_m~+,NH_n~-(n=1,2,3;m=1,2,3,4)体系Gaussian-n和CBS-n方法物理化学性质的理论研究(一)NH,NH~+,NH~-体系

利用系统的理论方法研究ＮＨ，ＮＨ＋，ＮＨ－体系的物理化学性质：解离能，电子亲合势，离化能，质子亲合势，原子化能．这些方法有Ｇａｕｓｓｉａｎ－ｎ：Ｇ１，Ｇ２，Ｇ２（ＭＰ２）以及ＣＢＳ－ｎ：ＣＢＳ－４，ＣＢＳ－ｑ，ＣＢＳ－Ｑ，ＣＢＳ－ＡＰＮＯ．对所得结果及其误差进行比较和分析．     

上海滨岸潮滩水和沉积物中无机氮的分布及扩散特征

对长江口南翼上海滨岸带三个站点潮滩上覆水、沉积物和间隙水中的三态无机氮的含量分布的年度季节性监测研究表明：潮滩上覆水中溶解无机氮以NO3—N为主；表层沉积物中可交换态无机氮以NH4—N为主，约占70％-85％；沉积物间隙水中主要无机氮为NH4—N和NO3—N．在冬季潮滩上覆水中硝态氮含量明显降低，而沉积物和间隙水中氨氮和硝态氮的浓度则有较大增加．初步探讨了潮滩水和沉积物中无机氮分布季节性变化的主要影响因素，估算了潮滩表层沉积物—水界面无机氮的扩散通量，指出NIL—N的扩散释放对滨岸水环境质量影响较大．     

Lymphokine-induced IgM secretion by clones of neoplastic B cells

The induction of antibody secretion by B cells requires T-cell-derived factors1-5. Such factors have been described1,2,6-12 but the precise relationship among these various factors is not clear, and it has been difficult to demonstrate that these factors act directly on the B cell and do not exert their effect via T cells or macrophages. In this report we describe the direct induction of IgM synthesis and secretion in cloned lines of long-term tissue culture adapted neoplastic B cells (BCL1) by T-cell supernatants from phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced EL-4 cells or concanavalin A (Con A)-induced 7.1.1a cells5,9. We have termed this activity BCDFmu (B-cell differentiation factor for IgM). The supernatants containing BCDFmu induce activated and neoplastic B cells to secrete IgM5 and the factor responsible is distinct from BCGF13, interleukin-2 (IL-2)5, the classical T-cell replacing factor (TRF) described by Schimpl and Wecker5, and immune interferon (IFN gamma)5.     

酸性铬兰K固体石蜡碳糊修饰电极溶出伏安法测定痕量钴

在pH为8.5,0．2mol／L,氨性缓冲底液中,以酸性铬兰K（ACBK）为修饰剂,固体石蜡为粘合剂,制备了ACBK碳糊修饰电极。在-1．0V电位下富集,将钴以Co－ACBK络合物的形式吸附在电极上,以阳极溶出伏安法制定Co2+,在十0．106V（VS．SCE,以下同）处有灵敏的氧化峰,其一次微分峰电流与Co2+浓度在1．0X10~-12～1．0X10~－5mol／L范围内的负对数呈良好的线性关系,此法的检测下限为5.0X10~13mol／L.     

Iron fractions in the apoplast of intact root tips of Zea mays L. seedlings affected by nitrogen form

The effects of ammonium (NH+4- N ) and ni trate (NO-3- N ) Were examined on Fe fractions and FeCN (ferricyanide) reductase activity in intact root tips (0-3 em)of young maize (Zea mays L. cv. Lenz) in solution culture by using short-term experiment under controlled Fe deficiency conditions (containing high HCO-3 concentration in preculture solution). The results showed that Fe( II ) concentrations in root tip apoplast of maize were only 20-40 nmol/g FW which accounted for 7%-13% of total Fe. Most of Fe in root tips existed as Fe(Ⅲ) compounds. Imposition of the roots to NH+4 - N or NO-3 - N for 60 min led to an increase of Fe( II ) in root tip apoplast. NH+4 - N led to an increased concentration of Fe( II ) and exchangeable Fe (Fe( II ) and Fe (III)) in root tips, while NO-3 - N increased FeCN reductaseactivity. The relationship between pH and Fe fractions,FeCN reductase activity was also discussed.``     

NHn,NHm^＋,NHn^—（n—1,2,3;m=1,2,3,4）体系Gaussian—n和CBS—n方法物理化学性质的理论研究（三）NH3,NH3^＋,NH3^—,NH4^＋体系

利用多种方法研究NH3,NH3^＋,NH3^－,NH4^＋体系的物理化学性质：离解能,电子亲合势,离化能,质子亲合势,原子化能。这些方法有Gaussian-n:G1,G2,G2(MP2)以及CBS－n,CBS-4,CBS-Q,CBS-APNO。对所得结果及其误差进行比较和分析。     

Mediation of mouse natural cytotoxic activity by tumour necrosis factor

Natural cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in the mouse has been associated with two types of effector cells, the natural killer (NK) cell and the natural cytotoxic (NC) cell, which seem to differ with regard to their patterns of target selectivity, cell surface characteristics and susceptibility to regulatory factors. During studies on the mechanism of action of cytotoxic molecules, it became evident that WEHI-164, the prototype NC target cell, was highly susceptible to direct lysis by both human and mouse recombinant tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Here we show that NC, but not NK activity mediated by normal splenocytes, is abrogated by rabbit antibodies to recombinant and natural TNF, respectively. Thus, the cell-mediated activity defined as NC is due to release of TNF by normal spleen cells and does not represent a unique natural effector mechanism.     

NH2与ClO自由基反应机理

利用量子化学理论方法。研究了与大气臭氧层损耗密切相关的自由基反应NH2＋ClO的微观机理。在密度泛函B3LYP／6-311＋G（d,p）水平上优化得到反应路径上的反应物，过渡态，中间体和产物的几何构型，并通过振动频率分析对过渡态和中间体进行了确认。在高级电子相关组态相互作用QCISD（T）／6-311＋G（d，p）水平上进行了单点能计算，得到了反应体系的势能面信息,结果表明，该反应经过缔合、H-转移和离解等过程，最终可以得到五种产物，分别为H2NO＋Cl，H2NClO，HCl＋HNO，H2＋NO＋Cl和NH＋HClO,由于形成产物H2NO＋Cl的活化势垒较低，因而是主要反应通道，而形成产物NH＋HClO的通道从动力学上看是最不利的。     

Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D5 receptor with higher affinity for dopamine than D1.

Dopamine receptors belong to a superfamily of receptors that exert their biological effects through guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins. Two main dopamine receptor subtypes have been identified, D1 and D2, which differ in their pharmacological and biochemical characteristics. D1 stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity, whereas D2 inhibits it. Both receptors are primary targets for drugs used to treat many psychomotor diseases, including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Whereas the dopamine D1 receptor has been cloned, biochemical and behavioural data indicate that dopamine D1-like receptors exist which either are not linked to adenylyl cyclase or display different pharmacological activities. We report here the cloning of a gene encoding a 477-amino-acid protein with strong homology to the cloned D1 receptor. The receptor, called D5, binds drugs with a pharmacological profile similar to that of the cloned D1 receptor, but displays a 10-fold higher affinity for the endogenous agonist, dopamine. As with D1, the dopamine D5 receptor stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses reveal that the receptor is neuron-specific, localized primarily within limbic regions of the brain; no messenger RNA was detected in kidney, liver, heart or parathyroid gland. The existence of a dopamine D1-like receptor with these characteristics had not been predicted and may represent an alternative pathway for dopamine-mediated events and regulation of D2 receptor activity.     

化学沉淀法去除木薯制备酒精废水中氨氮的试验研究

针对NH_3-N质量浓度为500~900mg/L木薯制备酒精的废水,采用正交试验及单因素试验研究了用化学沉淀法去除废水中氨氮的工艺条件,结果表明:以MgCl_2·6H_2O和Na2HPO4·12H_2O为沉淀剂,在pH=9.0时废水溶液中PO_4~(3-)与Mg~(2+)和NH_4~+一起发生沉淀反应生成MgNH4PO4·6H_2O,从而达到去除废水中的氨氮的目的;影响废水中的氨氮去除率的因素依次为n(Mg~(2+):NH_4~+),反应时间,n(PO_4~(3-)∶NH_4~+)和pH值。最佳反应条件是当pH=9.0,n(Mg~(2+))∶n(NH_4~+)∶n(PO_4~(3-))=1.4∶1.0∶1.2,常温下反应30min,静置30min,该工艺条件下,对初始氨氮为644.5mg/L的木薯制备酒精的废水进行处理,其氨氮的去除率90%。     

Functional characterization of a heteromeric NMDA receptor channel expressed from cloned cDNAs.

The glutamate receptor (GluR) channel plays a key part in brain function. Among GluR channel subtypes, the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor channel which is highly permeable to Ca2+ is essential for the synaptic plasticity underlying memory, learning and development. Furthermore, abnormal activation of the NMDA receptor channel may trigger the neuronal cell death observed in various brain disorders. A complementary DNA encoding a subunit of the rodent NMDA receptor channel (NMDAR1 or zeta 1) has been cloned and its functional properties investigated. Here we report the identification and primary structure of a novel mouse NMDA receptor channel subunit, designated as epsilon 1, after cloning and sequencing the cDNA. The epsilon 1 subunit shows 11-18% amino-acid sequence identity with rodent GluR channel subunits that have been characterized so far and has structural features common to neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. Expression from cloned cDNAs of the epsilon 1 subunit together with the zeta 1 subunit in Xenopus oocytes yields functional GluR channels with high activity and characteristics of the NMDA receptor channel. Furthermore, the heteromeric NMDA receptor channel can be activated by glycine alone.     

Cloning, sequence and expression of human interleukin-2 receptor

T lymphocytes, essential for the generation of a normal immune response, require the presence of the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) in order to proliferate. Cells that respond to IL-2 possess a surface receptor glycoprotein specific for this lymphokine. We have recently purified and chemically characterized the IL-2 receptor from both phytohaemagglutinin-activated human T cells and the human T-cell lymphoma HUT-102 (ref. 5). From the NH2-terminal protein sequence obtained in that study, we have now used synthetic oligonucleotides to probe a complementary DNA library, prepared from HUT-102 messenger RNA, for the presence of cDNA clones that might code for the IL-2 receptor. Two cDNA clones were isolated which had closely related DNA sequences. Interestingly, only one coded for an active receptor when transfected into COS-7 cells. This clone contained a 216-base pair (bp) insert that was not present in the other clone. The insert was flanked by an 8-bp direct repeat reminiscent of a transposable element, and appeared to code for a region of marked structural homology to the NH2-terminal region of the receptor molecule.