冷冻白姑鱼糜凝胶特性改良生产工艺研究

以舟山产的冷冻小规格白姑鱼为对象,以漂洗过程CCP1和凝胶增强剂的使用CCP2作为2个关键控制点,分别采用单因素和正交实验法对白姑鱼鱼糜生产新工艺进行了研究.结果表明:最佳的工艺条件是CCP1漂洗工艺中为漂洗水1.0 mg/mL柠檬酸钠溶液,漂洗温度8℃,漂洗时间12 min;CCP2凝胶增强剂使用上,工艺选择用2%鸡蛋白添加量,3%马铃薯淀粉与0.2%GRA1作为复合凝胶增强剂.在该工艺条件下,白姑鱼鱼糜凝胶强度为855.43 g·cm,是传统工艺的4倍以上.     

鲐鱼在不同冻藏温度下品质变化的研究

以鲐鱼的质构（硬度、弹性、内聚性）、挥发性盐基氮（TVB—N）、硫代巴比妥酸值（TBA）等为指标,研究了在不同的冻藏温度下（-18℃、-25℃、-35℃、）冻藏90d,各个指标的变化规律,摸索出最佳的冻藏温度,保证鲐鱼在冻藏条件下的品质变化情况。研究结果表明：在-18℃时鲐鱼的质构变化最大,TBN值达到19mg／100g接近临界值,TBA增加最快;-35℃下冻藏90d后各指标均无明显变化。冻藏温度不同,鲐鱼的品质变化差异（P〈0．05）显著,因此-35℃冻藏90d可以最大限度的保持鲐鱼在冻藏过程中的品质。     

胡萝卜红枣复合汁饮料的加工工艺研究

以胡萝卜、红枣为原料，利用正交试验设计，主要研究了枣汁浸提的最佳工艺条件以及最佳复合汁配方，并对枣汁的澄清和复合汁稳定进行了探讨．结果表明，最佳浸提条件是：干枣和水质量比为1：7，浸提温度70℃，pH值5．0，浸提时间8h；复合汁最佳配方为：复合汁含量70％，胡萝卜汁／枣汁(V／V)比6：4，糖度14％，柠檬酸量为0．10％；海藻酸钠用量为0．15％时稳定性最好。     

红枣菊花复合饮料的研制

以红枣和菊花为原料,采用正交试验及感官评价确定了红枣菊花复合饮料的最佳提取工艺及配方。枣汁的最佳浸提条件为:提取温度80℃,料液比1:8,浸提时间4h。复合饮料最佳配方为:红枣提取液35%、菊花提取液25%、白砂糖6%、柠檬酸0.15%,澄清剂海藻酸钠0.12%、CMC-Na 13%。     

泥螺腌制加工工艺条件的优化研究

结合传统的泥螺腌制方法,详细研究了舟山泥螺加工工艺的几个关键步骤,主要包括吐沙、形态固定和腌制三个方面,结果表明:舟山泥螺较佳的吐沙工艺为盐水浓度2.5%,时间6h,温度30℃;形态固定工艺为雪菜汁的盐浓度为6.82%,时间14h,温度20℃,体积比1:8;腌制工艺为加盐量18%;采用以上步骤生产的产品呈淡黄或浅灰色,质脆柔软,汤汁澄清,具有泥螺特有的风味。     

鲐鱼酶法脱脂技术

应用脂肪酶于鲐鱼鱼片和鱼糜加工的脱脂工艺,并筛选出该酶的最佳使用条件,pH8.7,温度32℃,酶添加浓度40U/mL,脱脂时间50min,同时比较了鲐鱼酶法脱脂与理化法脱脂的效果,结果表明,鲐鱼鱼糜在上述脂肪酶最适脱脂条件下的残脂率可达到5％（干基）,而采用理化法脱脂只能达到10％（干基）左右,对鲐鱼片无论酶法还是理论法均难以达到１０％以下。     

铜-钢反向凝固复合带的实验研究

以12mm厚的08Al钢作为母带,纯铜作为复合层材料,系统地研究了浸渍复合时间、铜液温度及钢带预热温度等工艺参数对铜复合层厚度变化的影响规律·研究结果表明:随浸渍复合时间的增加,复合层的厚度变化经历了凝固生长和回熔两个阶段,钢带的预热温度越低,铜复合层厚度越厚,在通常的铜液过热度(<100℃)范围内,铜液温度的变化对复合层的厚度影响不大·     

载银壳聚糖卫生防护织物的开发及性能研究

采用载银壳聚糖复合整理液对棉织物进行复合功能整理,通过正交设计对整理工艺进行优选.结果表明:载银壳聚糖复合整理液制备的最佳工艺参数为AgNO31.7g、CS 0.5g/100mL、反应温度40℃、反应时间2h、pH值4.载银壳聚糖复合整理的最佳工艺参数为CA质量浓度8%、CS质量浓度1%、焙烘温度160℃、焙烘时间1min.     

玻璃纤维/环氧树脂纺织复合材料水分散法制备

本文初步探索了玻璃布增强环氧树脂复合材料的水分散法制备工艺,研究了玻璃布的浸渍工艺,并通过对材料力学性能的测试,探索了最佳模压成型工艺参数。结果表明：浸渍液浓度应较高,浸渍时间为40秒左右,浸渍次数为4～5次;复合材料制备较佳的工艺参数为模压压力12MPa、模压时间6min和模压温度190℃。     

红豆红枣野菊花保健饮料的研制

通过单因素实验和正交实验对红豆红枣野菊花保健饮料的制备工艺进行研究,确定了红豆脱腥条件为5 g/L的Na HCO3溶液冷浸12 h后,85℃的热水浸包4 min;红枣汁酶解的条件为:提取剂用量8 m L/g,加酶量(m(纤维素酶)∶m(果胶酶)=2∶1)为1.33 g/L,酶解时间1 h,酶解55℃;野菊花汁浸提条件为:提取剂用量40 m L/g,水提时间90 min,水提温度80℃。饮料的最佳风味配方为:红豆汁、红枣汁、野菊花汁的体积分数分别为0.30,0.10,0.30;白砂糖、柠檬酸的添加量分别为50,1.00 g/L。复合稳定剂的组成是海藻酸钠、黄原胶、琼脂的添加量分别为0.05,0.50,0.50 g/L,在此条件下具有最佳的稳定效果。此工艺条件制得的保健饮料,口感细腻,味道延绵香甜,且营养丰富。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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